湖北省恩施州2019-2020学年高二英语下学期期末调研考试试题（含解析）

湖北省恩施州20192020学年高二英语下学期期末调研考试试题（含解析）考生注意：1.本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。2.请将各题答案填写在答题卡上。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whenwillthefilmbegin?A.At7:20.B.At7:15.C.At7:00.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theirsisters.B.Apresent.C.Abirthdayparty.3.Howdidthemanfeelabouthisjumpintheend?A.Disappointed.B.Terrified.C.Excited.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Salespersonandcustomer.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.5.Wherewasthewomanintheafternoon?A.Atashop.B.Atthecinema.C.Inacafe.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atarailwaystation.B.Atanairport.C.Atahotel.7.Whenwillthemanhavetoleave?A.At12:00.B.At13:00.C.At14:00听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.What’swrongwiththewoman?A.Shehasacough.B.Shehasaheadache.C.Shehasafever.9.Howmanytimesshouldthewomantakethemedicineaday?A.Four.B.Three.C.Two.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whereisthemangoing?A.Toavideostore.B.Toaschool.C.Toalunchmeeting.11.Whatwillthewomandoforthepeoplewaitingintheoffice?A.Haveatalkwiththem.B.Showthemthenewvideo.C.Showthemaroundthepany.12.Whatmightbetherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Husbandandwife.C.Teacherandstudent.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatisthewomaninterestedinnow?A.Jumping.B.Running.C.Swimming.14.Whorunsthefastest?A.Lily.B.Amy.C.Mike.15.Whendidthemanwinthefirstprize?A.Lastweek.B.Lastmonth.C.Lastyear.16.Whatwillthemantakepartinthisyear?A.Thehighjump.B.Thelongjump.C.Swimming.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whoisthespeaker?A.Adoctor.B.Awaiter.C.Anannouncer.18WhatwilltheweatherbelikeinEnglandtoday?A.Wetandwindy.B.Finebutcool.C.Quitedry.19.WhichpartsofEuropehavethehighesttemperatures?A.Thenorthernparts.B.Theeasternparts.C.Thesouthernparts.20.Howmanydaysdoestheweatherforecastmention?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheShanghaiDisneylandthemeparkofficiallyreopenstothepubliconMay11,2020.Duringtheinitialreopeningperiod,themajorityofShanghaiDisneyland’sattractions,rides,showsandshopping,acmodationanddininglocationswillresumeoperations,withcontrolledattendance.Someinteractiveattractionsandexperiences,suchaschildrenplayareas,andtheatershowswillremainclosed.GuestsshallobeythefollowingrequirementswhenShanghaiDisneylandreopens:1.PurchasedatedadmissionticketsforShanghaiDisneylandonline,asonsitesaleswillnotbeavailable.AnnualPassholdersmustmakeareservationfortheirvisitdateandtimeonlinebeforetheirvisittothepark.2.Providebasicpersonalinformationforeachguestvisitingthepark,includingname,phonenumberandIDnumberviaShanghaiDisney’sofficialwebsiteafterpurchasingaticketandbeforearrivingatthepark.AShanghaiDisneylandReservationQRCodewillbeprovidedafterthesuccesssubmissionoftherequiredidentificationinformation,andguestswillberequiredtopresentthecodebeforeenteringthethemepark.3.Undergotemperaturescreeningproceduresuponarrival.4.Wearamaskduringtheentirevisittotheparkexceptwhendining.1.Whichofthefollowingisclosedduringtheinitialreopeningperiod?A.Thetheater. B.Theshop. C.Therestaurant. D.Thehotel.2.WhatismentionedabouttheAnnualPassholdersinthetext?A.Theyneedn’tprovidebasicpersonalinformation. B.Theycanenterthethemeparkatanytime.C.Theycan’tusetheAnnualPassatpresent. D.Theyhavetobookthevisitinadvance.3.Whatisamustduringthevisit?A.Arrivingontime. B.Wearingamask.C.Bringingfoodandwater D.Beingacpaniedwithfriends.【答案】1.A2.D3.B【解析】这是一篇应用文。上海迪士尼主题公园于2020年5月11日正式向公众开放，文章主要介绍了上海迪士尼主题公园重新开园时，游客在游览期间必须遵守的一些要求。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中Someinteractiveattractionsandexperiences,suchaschildrenplayareas,andtheatershowswillremainclosed.可知一些互动景点和体验，如儿童游乐区和戏剧表演将继续关闭。由此可知，电影院在最初重新开放期间是关闭的。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中AnnualPassholdersmustmakeareservationfortheirvisitdateandtimeonlinebeforetheirvisittothepark.可知年票持证人士必须在参观公园前，在网上预约参观日期及时间。由此可知，年票持有人必须提前预定参观时间。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段4.Wearamaskduringtheentirevisittotheparkexceptwhendining.可知4.除用餐外，在整个游览过程中都要戴上口罩。由此可知，参观期间必须戴口罩。故选B。BRichardDermerisapizzashopowner.Butheisbetterknownforhishobby.Asaextraordinarykitecollector,peopleareimpressedbykitescoveringthewallsfromallovertheworldwhentheywalkintohispizzashop.DermerworkedatHideaway.Heboughtthepizzashopin1960.Then,in1970,hisgamepartnerandmanageratHideawaywasthefirsttomarkettheJapaneseversionofthegameGointheUnitedStates.ItwasthisgamethatledDermertokites,andfromtherehetookoff—eventuallybeingpresidentoftheAmericanKiefliersAssociation.Dermernowhasahugekitecollection.HetoldCollectorsWeekly,“Initially,Iwasanovice,butIenjoyedlearning,tryingtoacquiremoreaboutkites.AndthemoreIgotintokitefestivalsandcollectingkites,themoreIdiscoveredandthedeeperthesubjectbecame.”WhatDermer’scollectionandhobbybringstotheUnitedStatesisaninternationalperspectiveandhistoryonkiteflying.InIndia,forexample,kiteflyingisafierce,sometimesviolentsport,whileinThailand,kitebattlesreflectthewarofthesexesbetweenmenandwomen.KiteswereusedinWorldWarII,todistractGermanplanesandfortargetpractice.WhenDermerstartedstuntkite(特技风筝),itwasprettynew.Allthekitesweretriangular,andtheyalllookedthesame.Butsoonwithhisefforts,thatchanged.Peoplecouldseekitesofallshapes,sizesandcolorsflyinginthesky.Duringthe1980sand1990skiteswentthroughquiteadevelopmentalstagewheretheyweregettingbetterandbetterasnewlighter,strongermaterialswerebeingdeveloped.Dermerevensetupthenewrulesforjudgingthesestuntkitepetitions,whichtakeintoaccounthowmuchcontroltheflierhas,andthedifficultyofthemoves.4.WhatisRichardDermer’soccupation?A.Aplanepilot. B.Afoodbusinessman.C.Akiteseller. D.Asalesmanager.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“novice”inparagraph3mean?A.Advancedperson. B.Learnedperson.C.Inexperiencedperson. D.Wellknownperson.6.Whatcanwelearnaboutthekitesfromparagraph4?A.KitesarenotpopularintheUSA. B.FlyingkitesisillegalinThailand.C.KitesplayedapartinWorldWarII. D.FlyingkitesisaninterestingsportinIndia.7.WiththeeffortsofRichardDermer,kitesbecame________.A.portable B.diverse C.available D.delicate【答案】4.B5.C6.C7.B【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了比萨到老板RichardDermer爱好收藏风筝，他的收藏和爱好给美国带来的是关于放风筝的国际视角和历史，列举了不同国家对于放风筝的看法以及历史上风筝曾经发挥的作用。如今在RichardDermer的努力下，风筝变得多样化，人们可以看到各种形状、大小和颜色的风筝在天空中飞翔。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中RichardDermerisapizzashopowner.可知RichardDermer是一家比萨店的老板。由此可知，RichardDermer的职业是一个食品商人。故选B。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文butIenjoyedlearning,tryingtoacquiremoreaboutkites.可知Dermer说自己一开始是个没经验的人，但是他喜欢学习，努力获得更多关于风筝的知识。由此可知，划线单词的意思是“没有经验的人”。故选C。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中KiteswereusedinWorldWarII,todistractGermanplanesandfortargetpractice.可知在第二次世界大战中，风筝被用来分散德国飞机的注意力，也被用作射击练习。由此可知，风筝在第二次世界大战中发挥了作用。故选C。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段WhenDermerstartedstuntkite(特技风筝),itwasprettynew.Allthekitesweretriangular,andtheyalllookedthesame.Butsoonwithhisefforts,thatchanged.Peoplecouldseekitesofallshapes,sizesandcolorsflyinginthesky.Duringthe1980sand1990skiteswentthroughquiteadevelopmentalstagewheretheyweregettingbetterandbetterasnewlighter,strongermaterialswerebeingdeveloped.Dermerevensetupthenewrulesforjudgingthesestuntkitepetitions,whichtakeintoaccounthowmuchcontroltheflierhas,andthedifficultyofthemoves.可知当Dermer开始制作特技风筝的时候，它还是一项新发明。所有的风筝都是三角形的，它们看起来都一样。但随着他的努力，情况很快发生了变化。人们可以看到各种形状、大小和颜色的风筝在天空中飞翔。在20世纪80年代和90年代，风筝经历了一个相当大的发展阶段，随着新的更轻、更强的材料被开发出来，风筝变得越来越好。Dermer甚至为这些风筝特技比赛设立了新的评判规则，其中考虑到飞行员的控制力和动作的难度。由此可知，在RichardDermer的努力下，风筝变得多样化。故选B。CTome,Shakespeareisabitofatouchysubjectinthetheatreindustry.IbelieveShakespeare’splaystobethemostchallengingintermsoflanguage.Whenyouhavechallenginglanguage,thenunderstandingtheplotandtopicswillbeeachallengeaswell.It’slikeachain.Ifyoudon’tunderstanditfromthestart,itmakesthingshardlateronandpeopletendtogiveuponit.Regardlessofallofthis,IbelieveShakespeareisimportantinthesensethatit’swheretruetheatrestarted.WilliamShakespeareisanameeveryoneknowsregardlessofwhetheryouenjoyhisworksornot.ManyhighschoolsorcollegesputonatleastoneShakespeareplayeveryfewyearsandIlikethat.Ithinkit’simportanttoexposestudentstoplaysthatareabitmorechallengingthantheyusedtobe.Ofcourse.it’snoteasytounderstandtheseplaysbutthenthinkaboutthepeoplewhoactinthoseplays.Whenacting,youhavetounderstandyourcharacterandnotonlythat,youneedtopletelyknoweverythinggoingonaroundyouaswell.Sotounderstandthescript(剧本)isonething.buttoactinaShakespeareplayisawholeanotherthing.Howaboutmemorizingthelines?That’soneofthehardestthingsactorshavetogetthrough.Itissuchheightenedlanguagethatit’salmostlikelearningaforeignlanguage.Shakespeareistoughandthat’swhatIthinkIloveitthemost.Thechallengeisunderstanding.Onceyouhavethatthenyouhaveroomtoplaywithit.Therefore,ifpeoplewalkedintoaShakespeareplaywithmoreofanopenmind,theirexperiencewouldbesomuchbetter.Thereisalargeamountofexplorationanddiscoveryinhisplaysandtheexperiencecanbereallysatisfying.It’shardstuff,butit’sfascinatingandweshouldbeembracingit.8.What’sthebiggestchallengeinunderstandingShakespeare’splays?A.Thechallenginglanguage. B.Thevarietyofitstopic.C.Theplicatedplot. D.Thememorablecharacters.9.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsputtingonShakespeare’splaysatcolleges?A.Critical. B.Cautious.C.Favorable. D.Indifferent.10.WhatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledowhenenjoyingShakespeare’splays?A.Actthemout. B.Rememberthelinesinthem.C.LearnShakespeare’slanguage. D.Enjoythemwithanopenmind.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThecharacteristicsofShakespeare’splays.B.TheplotsandtopicsofShakespeare’splays.C.TheimportanceandwayofenjoyingShakespeare’splays.DThestressfromperformingShakespeare’splays.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.C【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者在文章中指出莎士比亚的戏剧是非常重要的，是真正的戏剧的起点，作者支持在中学或大学每隔几年上演一出莎士比亚戏剧的做法，作者还建议当人们欣赏莎士比亚的戏剧时，以开放的心态欣赏它们。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中IbelieveShakespeare’splaystobethemostchallengingintermsoflanguage.Whenyouhavechallenginglanguage,thenunderstandingtheplotandtopicswillbeeachallengeaswell.可知我认为莎士比亚的戏剧在语言上是最具挑战性的。当你的语言具有挑战性的时候，那么理解剧情和主题也将成为一种挑战。由此可知，理解莎士比亚戏剧最大的挑战是具有挑战性的语言。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中ManyhighschoolsorcollegesputonatleastoneShakespeareplayeveryfewyearsandIlikethat.Ithinkit’simportanttoexposestudentstoplaysthatareabitmorechallengingthantheyusedtobe.可知许多中学或大学每隔几年至少上演一出莎士比亚的戏剧，我很喜欢。我觉得让学生接触比他们过去接常触到的更有挑战性的戏剧很重要。由此可推知，作者对在大学上演莎士比亚的戏剧持支持态度。故选C。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中Therefore,ifpeoplewalkedintoaShakespeareplaywithmoreofanopenmind,theirexperiencewouldbesomuchbetter.可知因此，如果人们带着更开放的心态走进莎士比亚的戏剧，他们的体验会更好。由此可知，这篇文章建议当人们欣赏莎士比亚的戏剧时，以开放的心态欣赏它们。故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中Regardlessofallofthis,IbelieveShakespeareisimportantinthesensethatit’swheretruetheatrestarted.WilliamShakespeareisanameeveryoneknowsregardlessofwhetheryouenjoyhisworksornot.可知不管这些，我相信莎士比亚的重要性在于它是真正的戏剧的起点。威廉·莎士比亚这个名字大家都知道，不管你喜不喜欢他的作品。以及最后一段中Therefore,ifpeoplewalkedintoaShakespeareplaywithmoreofanopenmind,theirexperiencewouldbesomuchbetter.可知因此，如果人们带着更开放的心态走进莎士比亚的戏剧，他们的体验会更好。结合作者在文章中指出莎士比亚的戏剧是非常重要的，是真正的戏剧的起点，作者支持在中学或大学每隔几年上演一出莎士比亚戏剧的做法，作者还建议当人们欣赏莎士比亚的戏剧时，以开放的心态欣赏它们。由此可知，这篇文章的主要内容是欣赏莎士比亚戏剧的重要性和方式。故选C。DAlthoughairtraveleswithjetlag,delaysandawfulfood,itoffersabriefdigitaldetox—apreciousfewhoursawayfromthewaveofemails,messagesandappannouncements.Butnotanymore,InflightWiFiisgettingfasterandcheaper,andisanincreasinglymonofferingonbudgetandflagshipairlines.ButhowdoesinflightWiFiactuallywork?Tosimplify,therearetwowaysforaninternetsignaltoreachyourdevicewhenyou’reupintheclouds.Thefirstisviagroundbasedmobilebroadbandtowers,whichsendsignalsuptotheaircraft’santennas(天线).Asyoutravelintodifferentsectionsofairspace,theplaneautomaticallyconnectstosignalsfromthenearesttower,sothereis(intheoryatleast)nointerruptiontoyourInternet.Butifyou’repassingoverlargeareasofwaterorparticularlyremotezones,connectivitycanbeanissue.Thesecondmethodusessatellitetechnology.Planesconnecttosatellitesinspace(35,000kmabovetheplanet),whichsendandreceivesignalsviareceiversandtransmitters.Informationistransmittedtoandfromyoursmartphoneviaanantennaonthetopoftheaircraft.Thesearethesamesatellitesthatareusedintelevisionsignalsandweatherforecasting.Informationispassedbetweenthegroundandtheplaneviathesatellite.Allofthattechnologyisexpensive.Thecostsareusuallypassedontocustomers.Overhalfoftheworld’saircraftwillbeequippedwithinflightWiFiwithinthenextfewyears.Itissettobeeabilliondollarindustryby2020.Inthenearfutureyou’llneedtofindabetterexcusethan“SorryImissedyourmessage—Iwasonaplane”.12.Whatsendssignalsuptotheaircraft’santennas?A.Internetpanies. B.Groundbasedreceivers.C.Budgetandflagshipairlines. D.Groundbasedmobilebroadbandtowers.13.WhowillpayfortheinflightWiFitechnologyintheend?A.Aircraftpassengers. B.Satellitepany.C.Broadbandtowers. D.Thelocalgovernment.14.WhatcanweinferaboutinflightWiFifromthelastparagraph?A.Itserveseverycustomer. B.Ithasabrightfuture.C.Itdevelopsveryslow. D.It’sahightechindustry.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoUseInflightWiFi? B.WhyOnlySomeAirlinesHaveInflightWiFi?C.WhyIsInflightWiFiExpensive? D.HowWiFiWorksonaPlane?【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。飞机上的WiFi越来越快，越来越便宜，越来越多的廉价航空公司和旗舰航空公司都提供这种服务。但是飞机上的WiFi是如何工作的呢？文章主要就飞机上的WiFi是如何工作的展开说明，指出飞机乘客会为机上WiFi技术买单，且这项技术未来很有前景。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Thefirstisviagroundbasedmobilebroadbandtowers,whichsendsignalsuptotheaircraft’santennas(天线).可知第一种是通过地面移动宽带发射塔，将信号发送到飞机的天线上。由此可知，是地面移动宽带塔向飞机的天线发送信号。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中Allofthattechnologyisexpensive.Thecostsareusuallypassedontocustomers.可知所有这些技术都很昂贵。成本通常转嫁给乘客。由此可知，最终飞机乘客会为机上WiFi技术买单。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Overhalfoftheworld’saircraftwillbeequippedwithinflightWiFiwithinthenextfewyears.Itissettobeeabilliondollarindustryby2020.可知未来几年内，世界上超过一半的飞机将配备空中WiFi。到2020年，它将成为一个价值十亿美元的产业。由此可推知，飞机上的WiFi未来很有前景。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中ButhowdoesinflightWiFiactuallywork?Tosimplify,therearetwowaysforaninternetsignaltoreachyourdevicewhenyou’reupintheclouds.可知但是飞机上的WiFi是如何工作的呢？简单地说，当你在云端时，有两种方式可以让互联网信号到达你的设备。结合文章主要说明了飞机上的WiFi越来越快，越来越便宜，越来越多的廉价航空公司和旗舰航空公司都提供这种服务。但是飞机上的WiFi是如何工作的呢？文章主要就飞机上的WiFi是如何工作的展开说明，指出飞机乘客会为机上WiFi技术买单，且这项技术未来很有前景。由此可知，D选项“WiFi在飞机上是如何工作的？”最符合文章标题。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Treesaremonlycutdownforwoodandpaper.___16___.Theuniquechemicalprocessthattreesandplantsusetoturnlightenergyfromthesunintooxygenisknownasphotosynthesis(光合作用).___17___Theproductionofoxygenisaresultofphotosynthesis,butitisnotthemainpurposeofthisprocess.___18___.Plantscreatetheirownfoodthroughphotosynthesis.Duringthisprocess,aplant’srootsabsorbwaterfromtheground,anditsleavestakeinlightenergyandcarbondioxide.Theplantusestheseelementstomakefatsandproteinsthatarethenusedtomaintaintheplant’slife.TheprocessofphotosynthesisThefirststepinphotosynthesisisusingthesun’senergy.Duringthisprocess,chlorophyll(叶绿素)absorbsthelightenergyofthesun.Theenergyfromthesunthenactsuponthewaterabsorbedbytherootsoftheplant.Carbondioxidesentintotheatmospherebyanimalsandhumansisthenabsorbedbytheplant’sleavesandpairedwiththehydrogentoproducesugar.Thesugaristurnedintoplantfood.___19___.Threatstotreephotosynthesis___20___.Today,onlyabout30percentofEarth’slandiscoveredintrees.Thisiscontributingtoglobalwarmingsincetreesarenecessarytoconsumethecarbondioxideintheatmosphere.Expertsbelieveplantingtreesisvitalinordertoensurethepreservationofthedelicatebalancethatenablesphotosynthesis.A.ThepurposesofphotosynthesisB.TheadvantagesofphotosynthesisC.Infact,oxygenissimplyabyproductD.ItisalsoresponsibleforgivingplantstheirgreencolorE.Duringthisprocess,extraoxygenisproducedandreleasedF.ThetreesthatchangecarbondioxideintooxygenaredisappearingrapidlyG.Butthegreatestvalueoftreesesfromtheirabilitytoturnthesun’senergyintochemicalenergy【答案】16.G17.A18.C19.E20.F【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了树木除了被砍下来作为木材和纸张，其最大的价值在于它的光合作用，并且介绍了光合作用的目的、过程和树木消失对光合作用的威胁。【16题详解】根据上文Treesaremonlycutdownforwoodandpaper.可知树木通常被砍下来作为木材和纸张。以及后文Theuniquechemicalprocessthattreesandplantsusetoturnlightenergyfromthesunintooxygenisknownasphotosynthesis(光合作用).可知树木和植物将太阳光转化为氧气的独特化学过程被称为光合作用。由此可知，本句承接上文说明，树木除了被砍下来作为木材和纸张，其最大的价值在于它的光合作用，可以把太阳的能量转化为化学能。故G选项“但是树木最大的价值在于它们能把太阳的能量转化为化学能”符合语境，故选G。【17题详解】本空为本段小标题，根据后文Theproductionofoxygenisaresultofphotosynthesis,butitisnotthemainpurposeofthisprocess.可知氧气的产生是光合作用的结果，但这不是这个过程的主要目的。由此可知，本段主要在说明光合作用的目的。故A选项“光合作用的目的”适合作为小标题，故选A。【18题详解】根据后文Plantscreatetheirownfoodthroughphotosynthesis.Duringthisprocess,aplant’srootsabsorbwaterfromtheground,anditsleavestakeinlightenergyandcarbondioxide.Theplantusestheseelementstomakefatsandproteinsthatarethenusedtomaintaintheplant’slife.可知植物通过光合作用产生它们自己的食物。在这个过程中，植物的根从地面吸收水分，叶子吸收光能和二氧化碳。植物利用这些元素制造脂肪和蛋白质，然后用来维持植物的生命。由此可知，植物光合作用的主要目的是为了产生自己的食物，那么氧气实际上只是光合作用的一个副产品。故C选项“事实上，氧只是一个副产品”符合语境，故选C。【19题详解】本句为本段最后一句，有总结上文的作用，结合上文Duringthisprocess,chlorophyll(叶绿素)absorbsthelightenergyofthesun.Theenergyfromthesunthenactsuponthewaterabsorbedbytherootsoftheplant.Carbondioxidesentintotheatmospherebyanimalsandhumansisthenabsorbedbytheplant’sleavesandpairedwiththehydrogentoproducesugar.Thesugaristurnedintoplantfood.可知在这个过程中，叶绿素吸收太阳的光能。来自太阳的能量然后作用在植物根部吸收的水分上。动物和人类排放到大气中的二氧化碳被植物的叶子吸收，并与氢配对产生糖。糖被转化为植物的食物。由此可知，上文描述了光合作用的过程，且提到了二氧化碳被吸收，那么本句就应该提到在光合作用的过程中，才导致了氧气产生和释放。故E选项“在这个过程中，额外的氧气产生和释放”符合语境，故选E。【20题详解】根据后文Today,onlyabout30percentofEarth’slandiscoveredintrees.Thisiscontributingtoglobalwarmingsincetreesarenecessarytoconsumethecarbondioxideintheatmosphere.可知如今，地球上只有大约30%的土地被树木覆盖。这导致了全球变暖，因为树木是消耗大气中的二氧化碳的必需品。由此可知，本句是在说明将二氧化碳转化为氧气的树木正在迅速消失。故F选项“将二氧化碳转化为氧气的树木正在迅速消失”符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Asthetrainpickedupitsspeed,thepassengersslowlysettleddownontheirseats.A（n）____21____ladyoccupiedthefrontseatofmine.Shemustbeinhereighties,Iguessed.Shesmiledatme.Outofcuriosity,Igaveher____22____.Butbothofuswere____23____.Itwas4:50pm.So,bedtimewasstillinalongway.Icouldn’t____24____myselfanylongerandasked,“Aunty！Whereareyougoing?”She____25____meforawhileandreplied,“Armycamp,dear.”Suddenlymy____26____doubledtoknowthereason.Ipolitelysaid,“Aunty,youare____27____someone?”ShesmiledandIcontinuedtosay:“Auntyyoumustbefeelingso____28____toseeyourchildandyourgrandchildren.”Perhaps,thisquestion____29____heralittlebutsheanswered,“Oh,dear!Youaresosweet!_____30_____,Ihadonlyonesonwhojoinedthe_____31_____andwaskilledinabattlejustafewdaysbefore.Ihad_____32_____somanynewclothesforhim.So,Ithoughtwhynot_____33_____myson’sclothestosomeothersoldiers,sothatIwouldcontrolmy_____34_____andwouldbehappythinkingthatmyownsonhaswornit.Hewas_____35_____,soIdon’thaveanygrandchild.”Iwasastonishedatherheartbreakingstory!ButIadmiredtheoldladyfromthecoreofmyheart.21.A.elderly B.famous C.stubborn D.smart22.A.response B.exploration C.research D.amazement23.A.dynamic B.calm C.silent D.positive24.A.resist B.forgive C.deserve D.demand25.A.caredabout B.staredat C.attendedto D.watchedover26.A.anxiety B.embarrassment C.appreciation D.curiosity27.A.visiting B.charging C.sentencing D.reminding28.A.puzzled B.frightened C.astonished D.excited29.A.entertained B.attracted C.hurt D.impressed30.A.Besides B.Therefore C.Still D.Anyway31.A.club B.league C.party D.army32.A.shared B.counted C.bought D.buried33.A.sold B.donate C.connect D.expand34.A.sorrow B.shock C.sickness D.energy35.A.unbelievable B.unbearable C.unemployed D.unmarried【答案】21.A22.A23.C24.A25.B26.D27.A28.D29.C30.D31.D32.C33.B34.A35.D【解析】这是记叙文。本文讲述了作者在火车上遇到了一位年迈的老太太，她的儿子几天前在战场牺牲了，她带着原来为儿子买的新衣服送往军营给其他的士兵。作者深受感动。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一位老太太占了我的前排座位。A.elderly年老的；B.famous著名的；C.stubborn固执的；D.smart聪明的。根据下文Shemustbeinhereighties,Iguessed.可推断，是一位老妇人。故选A。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：处于好奇，我给了她回应。A.response回应；答复；B.exploration探索；C.research研究；D.amazement吃惊。根据上文可知，老妇人向我微笑，结合Outofcuriosity可推断，我给了她回应。故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们俩都沉默着。A.dynamic精力充沛的；B.calm镇静的；C.silent沉默的；D.positive积极的；乐观的。Icouldn’t____4____myselfanylongerandasked可知，此时是沉默，故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那时是傍晚4:50。所以，离睡觉时间还很长。A.resist抵制；忍不住；B.forgive原谅；C.deserve应得；D.demand要求。根据上文Itwas4:50pm.So,bedtimewasstillinalongway.可知，还不到睡觉时间，因此作者忍不住问老妇人去哪里。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：老妇人盯着看了我一会儿，友好地说：“军营，亲爱的。”A.caredabout在乎；B.staredat盯着；C.attendedto注意；照顾；D.watchedover小心。根据forawhile可推断我问老妇人话，老妇人盯着看了我一会才回答。故选B。26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，我的好奇心倍增，想知道原因。A.anxiety焦虑；B.embarrassment尴尬；C.appreciation感激；D.curiosity好奇。根据下文Ipolitelysaid,“Aunty,youare____7____someone?”可知，我的好奇心倍增，问了老妇人另一问题。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有礼貌地说：“阿姨，你去看望人的吗？”A.visiting看望，拜访；B.charging索价；要价；C.sentencing宣判；判决；D.reminding提醒。根据后文youmustbefeelingso____8____toseeyourchildandyourgrandchildren.可知是“拜访”。故选A。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她微笑着，我继续说：“阿姨，见到你的孩子和孙子孙女一定很兴奋。”A.puzzled迷惑的；B.frightened害怕的；C.astonished吃惊的；D.excited兴奋的。根据后文toseeyourchildandyourgrandchildren.可知，她去见孩子和孙子的心情应当是兴奋的。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许，这个问题对她有点伤害，但她回答道。A.entertained使高兴；B.attracted吸引；C.hurt伤害；D.impressed使印象深刻。根据后文，作者得知老太太的儿子几天前在战场牺牲了，可知，作者的这个问题也许对老太太有点伤害。故选C。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：哦，亲爱的！你真可爱！不管怎么说，我只有一个儿子被征召入伍了，几天前在一场战斗中牺牲了。A.Besides此外；B.Therefore因此；C.Still仍旧；D.Anyway无论如何；至少。根据上下文语境可知，不管怎么说，我仅有一个儿子。故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.club俱乐部；B.league联盟；社团；C.party社交聚会；D.army军队。根据下文的waskilledinabattle可知，老妇人的儿子应征入伍。故选D。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我为他买了如此多的新衣服。A.shared共享；B.counted计数；C.bought买；D.buried埋葬。根据下文So,Ithoughtwhynot____13____myson’sclothestosomeothersoldiers可推断，老妇人给儿子买了许多新衣服。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此我想为什么不把我儿子的衣服留给其他士兵穿呢，这样我就可以控制自己的悲伤，并且很高兴自己的儿子已经穿上了它。A.sold卖；B.donate捐献；C.connect联系；D.expand扩展。根据下文thinkingthatmyownsonhaswornit可推断，老妇人要把儿子的衣服捐赠给士兵。故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.sorrow悲伤；B.shock震惊；C.sickness疾病；D.energy精力。根据后文andwouldbehappythinkingthatmyownsonhaswornit.可知，此处指的是控制自己的悲伤，故选A。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他没结婚，因此我没有孙子。A.unbelievable难以相信的；B.unbearable难以忍受的；C.unemployed失业的；D.unmarried未婚的。根据下文soIdon’thaveanygrandchild.可知，儿子没有结婚，老妇人没有孙子。故选D。第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。April24thmarkedthe50thanniversaryofEarthDay,thecreationof___36___isconsideredasthebeginningofthemodernenvironmentalmovementbythe___37___(major)ofpeople.Manypeoplecontinuetostayathomeduringtherecentmonths.Asaresult,peoplearemakinglesspollution,andtheairhasbee___38___(clean).Smogstopped___39___(cover)NewDelhi,oneoftheworld’smost___40___(pollute)cities.Nitrogendioxidepollutionin___41___northeasternoftheUnitedStates___42___(drop)by30percentuptillnow.Starsseemmorevisibleatnight.Researchershavebeenobservingsharpdropsintraditionalairpollutants(污染物),suchasnitrogendioxide,smogandtinyparticles.Thesekindsofpollutantskillupto7millionpeopleayearworldwide.“Humanactivityusuallymakesitdifficultforseaturtles___43___(leave)theireggsonsandycoastlines.Nestingturtlesneedtobeundisturbed.Aftertheyeoutoftheireggs,babyturtlesmighthavedifficultyfindingtheirwaytothewaterbecauseofbrightlights.But___44___thelightsmostlyoffandpeoplestayingathome,theseaturtlenesting____45____(seem)muchbetteratpresent,”Godfreysaid.“There’sstillahopeleftforwildlife,”Godfreysaid.【答案】36.which37.majority38.cleaner39.covering40.polluted41.the42.hasdropped43.toleave44.with45.seems【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是关于地球日的一些事情，包括人们在地球日里常做的活动以及设立地球日在保护自然环境和生态以及减少污染方面的重大意义等。【36题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：4月24日是地球日50周年纪念日，地球日的创立被大多数人认为是现代环保运动的开始。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，空格位于介词of后面，指代“EarthDay”，是物，介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which。故填which。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：4月24日是地球日50周年纪念日，地球日的创立被大多数人认为是现代环保运动的开始。空格前为定冠词，空格后为介词of，可推断空格应填名词；且themajorityof+可数名词复数形式，意为“大多数……”，是固定搭配。故填majority。【38题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：因此，人们制造的污染更少了，空气变得更干净了。空格前为系动词hasbee(已经变得），空格后为句号，结合句子前半部分提及“人们产生更少的污染”，提示句子涉及比较级，应用形容词比较级cleaner（更干净的）修饰主语theair(空气）。故填cleaner。【39题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：雾霾停止笼罩新德里。stopdoingsth意为“停止做某事”，此处应用动名词covering（覆盖），表示“新德里不再被雾霾笼罩”。故填covering。【40题详解】考查形容词。句意：世界上污染最严重的城市之一。oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式，意为“最……的……之一”，故此处应填polluted（受污染的），且“mostpolluted”为形容词最高级形式，符合题意。故填polluted。【41题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：到目前为止，美国东北部的二氧化氮污染已经下降了30%。inthenortheasternpartof意为“在……的东北部”，是固定搭配，可知此处缺少定冠词the。故填the。【42题详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，美国东北部的二氧化氮污染已经下降了30%。空格前为主语NitrogendioxideUnitedStates（美国东北部地区的二氧化氮），是第三人称单数，空格后为介词by，