人教版高中英语必修一Unit1语法知识

Grammar

DirectandIndirectSpeechI直接引语和间接引语(I)

直接引语(directspeech):直接引用别人的话，把它放在引号内。

间接引语(indirectspeech):用自己的话转述别人的话。

L转述他人的陈述-*•陈述句Shesaid,'TmgoingtoBeijing.v

ShesaidthatshewasgoingtoBeiiirg.

2.转述他人的疑问f一般疑问句Heasked,“Areyouadoctor?”

Heaskedmeif/whethe门wasadoctor.

3.转述他人的问题f特殊疑问句Sheasked,“Whatareyoudoing?”

SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.

直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化

陈述句

用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told

来代替,注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接说toldthato

Hesaid,“IhavebeentoJapan.”

HesaidtousthathehadbeentoJapan.

Shesaid,'TIIgiveyouanexamtomorrow.

Shetoldusthatshewouldgiveusanexamtomorrow.

陈述句解题步骤：

“Idon'tlikecomputers,“Sarahsaidtoherfriends.

Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthat

(Idon'tlikecomputers.)

Shedidn,t

Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn'tlikecomputers.

一般疑问句

间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原

主句中谓语动词said要改为asked

(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序

Tomsaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficulty

withEnglish?,,

Tomasked(me)whether/ifIhadany

difficultywithEnglish.

Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,

aren'tyou?”

HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.

一般疑问句解题步骤：

Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?

(Theyaskedhim)

Itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.

Theyaskedhimif(itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.)

Askediswas

Theyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.

特殊疑问句

原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语

序。

Hesaidtome,uWhereareyoufrom?”

HeaskedmewhereIwasfrom.

Heaskedus,“Howmanyfactoriesare

thereinyourcountry?

Heaskedushowmanyfactoriesthere

wereinourcountry.

特殊疑问句解题步骤：

Whendoyouharvestthewheat?

(Theyaskedhim)

TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheat

(youharvestthewheat.)

he

Harvested

Theyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.

选择疑问句

用whether…or…表达(不用if/either…or…)

Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorChinese?”

HeaskedmewhetherspokeEnglishorChinese.

Iasked,“Willyoutakeabusoronfoot?”

Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakeabusoronfoot.

谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：

1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”

Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.

2.如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变。

Thechildrensaid,“Welovethisgame.”

Thechildrentoldusthattheylovethat阳me.

3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。

Shesays,'TIIneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.”

Shesavsthatshe'IIreverforgetthedaysirthecountry

DriectIndirectspeech

speech

statemesay/tellsb.(that)+从句

nt

Sent

一般疑陈述句语

enceask/wonderwhethcr/if+

问句序

struc

ture特殊疑ask/wonderwh-word+陈述句语序

问句

在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化

1.注意时态的变化

2.注意人称和指示代词变化

3.注意时间和地点的变化

4.注意个别趋向动词的变化

playedfootball

wasplaying

hadplayed

hadplayed

wouldplay

hadplayed

Attention:

Therearesomecasesinwhich