初中英语语法被动语态专题

初中英语语法被动语态专题

英语语法是学习英语最重要的部分，下面是小编给大家带来的初

中英语语法被动语态专题，希望能够帮助到大家！

初中英语语法被动语态专题

被动语态中谓语动词的基本构成：

be+done

2八种时态的被动语态：（变be的时态即可，done不动）

1）一般现在时:am/is/are+done

①Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.

Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.

②Theschooldoesntallowustoenterthechemistrylab

withoutateacher.

Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithouta

teacher.

2）一般过去时：was/were+done

①Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylast

month.

Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlast

month.

②Thestudentsdidntforgethislessonseasily.

Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten

3)一般将来时:will+bedone

①Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.

Carswillbesentabroadbysea.

②Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.

Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.

4)一般过去将来时：would+bedone

①Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectby

theendoftheyear.

Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbythe

endoftheyear.

(2)Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoon

aspossible.

Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedas

soonaspossible.

5)现在进行时：am/is/are+being+done

①TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.

Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.

(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.

Theroomsarebeingpainted.

6)过去进行时：was/were+being+done

①Theworkersweremendingtheroad.

Theroadwasbeingmended.

②Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.

Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.

7)现在完成时：have/has+been+done

①Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeput

off.

Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.

②Hehasbroughthisbookhere.

Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.

8)过去完成时：had+been+done

①WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysold

outthetickets.

WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalready

beensoldout

(2)Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhis

death;peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.

Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;

hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader

3含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+done

①Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.

Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.

②Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.

Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerby

him.

4被动语态的使用情况：

1）当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，这时往往不用by

短语。

Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.

2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用

by短语。

TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.

5主动语态变被动语态的方法：

1）把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。

2）把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词，时态要与

原句保持一致。

3）把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语

动词之后，by短语可以省略。

Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.

Iwasinvited（bymyaunt）toherdinnerparty.

Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.

Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupinthe

school.

6语态转换时应注意的问题：

1）把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时

态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.

Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.（正确）

Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.（错误）

2）含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变

为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.

Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接宾语（指物）改为主语，则在间接宾语（指人）前加适当

的介词，如上句还可以说

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.

3）由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看,

即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。

Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.

Theproblemissolved.Itneedntbetalkedabout.

Hisrequestwasturneddown.

Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebad

weather

4）带复合宾语（宾语+宾补）的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动

结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。

Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.

Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.

Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.

Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.

1主意：在see,watch,hear;notice,listento,lookat,make,

feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语

态后必须还原

too

Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.

Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.

5）当主动句的主语是nobody,noone等含有否定意义的不定代

词时，被动句中将其变为anybody,作by的宾语，并将谓语动词变

为否定的被动语态。

Nobodycananswerthisquestion.

误：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.

正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.

6）当否定句中的宾语是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代

词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing,nobody,noone作主

语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。

Theyhaventdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.

误：Anythinghasntbeendonetomaketheriverclean.

正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.

7）以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用bywhom放在

句首。

Whowrotethestory?

误：Whowasthestorywritten?

正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?

8）有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily

等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表

示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,

cook等。

Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。

Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。

Thebookssellwell.这些书销量很好。

9）下列情况主动句不能改为被动句。

①感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel,look,

seem,taste,soundo

Doyoulikethematerial?

Yes,itfeelsverysoft.

②不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,h叩pen,succeed,

remain,lie等。

Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhad

alreadyrisen.

Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.

③宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式

及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语。

ItaughtmyselfEnglish.

误：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.

Weloveeachother.

误：Eachotherisloved.

被动语态习题

考点点拨

英语中有些动词不表示动作，而是表示某种状态或情况,通常不

用于被动语态,如cost,fit,last,own,fail等。

在主动语态中,hear,see,notice等感官动词和make,have,let

等使役动词后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但在转换为被

动语态时，该不定式前要加

too

某些感官动词加形容词可表被动意义，如：feel,look,smell,

sound,taste等。

某些不及物动词后加副词，也可表被动意义，如：lock,open,

read,sell,cut等。

含短语动词的被动语态，短语中的介词或副词不能丢掉。

把直接宾语改为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前要加介词to/

foro

不及物动词和不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态，如：appear,

die,fall,happen,comeout,takeplace等。

经典习题

l.Wow,yoursilkdresslookssobeautiful!Howmuchisit?

Well,itme$50.

A.cost

B.wascost

C.spent

D.wasspent

2.Sandywasmadebysomeboys.

Oh,sorrytohearthat.

A.cry

B.tocry

C.cried

D.tocrying

3.Theseorangeslookugly,buttheyverysweet.

Ifso,Idliketobuysome.

A.tasted

B.weretasted

C.taste

D.aretasted

4.Dontyoulikethecar?Itsowell.

Ilikeitalot,butIjustcantaffordit.

A.sells

B.issold

C.sold

D.wassold

5.Asisknowntoall,the2022WinterOlympicsinChina.

A.tookplace

B.willtakeplace

C.weretakenplace

D.willbetakenplace

参考答案：ABCAB

常见几种时态的被动语态练习

01

含情态动词的被动语态

讲一讲

含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词+be+动词的过去

分词（+by+动作的执行者）。如：

Yourhomeworkshouldbefinishedbefore9pm.

Theplantneedntbewateredeveryday.

Musttheroombecleanedtwiceaday,Mom?

Whencanmycomputerberepaired,Mr.Wang?

表示被动意义的特殊结构：

1.read,ride,write,sell等作不及物动词时，常用主动形式表示

被动意义。

2.look,smell,taste,feel,sound等表感觉的连系动词也常用

主动形式表示被动意义。

练一练

一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

l.Manymoretreesshould(plant)inthetown.

2.Mustthework(finish)by6:30thisafternoon?

3.HowoftendoIneedtofeedthedog?

Itmust(give)foodthreetimesaday.

4.Thestarscan(see)clearlythisevening.

5.Tablescan(make)ofstoneorwood.

二、把下列句子改为含有被动语态的句子。

l.Weshouldcleanourteethtwiceaday.

2.Youmusthandinyourhomeworkbeforeclass.

3.Youcanhangtheseoldpicturesinthelivingroom.

4.Studentscankeepthedictionariesforthreeweeks.

5.Weshouldmakesomerulestostopthekidsfrom

throwingrubbish.

☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

参考答案：

一、l.beplanted

2.befinished

3.begiven

4.beseen

5.bemade

二、l.Ourteethshouldbecleanedtwiceaday.

2.Yourhomeworkmustbehandedinbeforeclass.

3.Theseoldpicturescanbehunginthelivingroom.

4.Thedictionariescanbekeptforthreeweeksbystudents.

5.Somerulesshouldbemadetostopthekidsfrom

throwingrubbish.

02

一般现在时的被动语态

讲一讲

英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语

是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

▲一般现在时的被动语态结构为is/am/are+及物动词的过

去分词(+by+动作的执行者),句中常含有often,usually,every

day等时间状语。

▲在将主动语态变为被动语态时，可参考以下例句：

Jenny①cleans②theroom③everyday.

Theroom③iscleaned©byJenny①everyday.

把主动句中的宾语③变为被动句中的主语；

把主动句中的谓语动词②(cleans)变为被动句中的谓语(is

cleaned)。be的形式根据被动句中主语的人称和数以及原主动句中

动词的时态来确定。

把主动句中的主语①放在介词by之后作宾语。主语若是代词，

将主格改为宾格。在无须说明动作的执行者或需强调动作的承受者时,

by短语可以省略。如：

PeoplegrowriceinthesouthofChina.Riceisgrownin

thesouthofChina.

练一练

把下列句子改为含有被动语态的句子。

l.Somebigboysoftenlaughatthelittlegirl.

2.AlotofpeoplespeakChinesearoundtheworld.

3.MillionsofpeopleenjoytheGreatWall.

4.Mygrandpawaterstheseflowerseverymorning.

5.EveryoneconsidersDoratobethebeststudentinthe

class.

6.PeopleusechopsticksforeatingnoodlesinChina.

7.Thestudentsalwayskeeptheclassroomclean.

☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆

参考答案：

l.Thelittlegirlisoftenlaughedatbysomebigboys.

2.Chineseisspokenbyalotofpeoplearoundtheworld.

3.TheGreatWallisenjoyedbymillionsofpeople.

4.Theseflowersarewateredbymygrandpaevery

morning.

5.Doraisconsideredtobethebeststudentintheclass.

6.ChopsticksareusedforeatingnoodlesinChina.

7.Theclassroomisalwayskeptcleanbythestudents.

03

一般过去时的被动语态

讲一讲

一般过去时的被动语态结构为：was/were+及物动词的过去

分词（+by+动作的执行者）。如：ThreetreeswerewateredbyAlan

yesterday.

将主动语态变为被动语态时，需注意以下几点：

有些动词如tell,give,send,lend,show,teach等后接双宾语,

变为被动语态时，将间接宾语提前变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语不

动;如果将直接宾语提前，则需要在间接宾语前加上t。或for。如：

MarygaveMissLinabunchofflowers.

MissLinwasgivenabunchofflowersbyMary.

Abunchofflowerswasgi