新教材2024高考英语二轮专题复习小题天天必练阅读理解题型分类练二

阅读理解题型分类练(二)微小环节理解题——间接信息类A[2024·黄冈中学高三二模]AIisconsideredtobetransformativeforawiderangeofindustries,butthere'sperhapsnootherfieldwhereitprovidesmorevaluethanhealthcare.Machine­learningprogramsarenowbeingusedinmanyhospitalstospotcancerandotherdiseasesanddiscovernewdrugs,butthere'sstillthisgeneralimpressionthatthisisalldoneinasmallwayandtheimpactsarestillminimal.AIisalreadyheretostayandithasalreadysavedthousandsoflives.ResearchersatJohnsHopkinsUniversitypublishedtwostudiesinJuly2024describingamachine­learning­basedearlydetectiontoolforsepsis(败血症)thatwasusedatfivehospitalsoveratwo­yearperiod.Duringthisperiod,theAIwasabletoidentifynearly10，000sepsiscasesfrompatientrecordsandhelpeddoctorsoffercriticalcareabouttwohours,onaverage,earlierthanwhentheydidn'thaveaccesstotheAI'swarning.Thankstothissystem,thepatientswere20%lesslikelytodieofsepsis,potentiallysavingthousandsoflivesacrosstheU．S.ifitisimplemented(实施)nationwide.Oncesepsissetsin,thepatientusuallysuffersfever,arapidheartrate,anddifficultbreathing.Whentreatingsepsis,timeisofcriticalimportance.However,sepsisisnotalwaysapparent,sotherearenaturallysomedelayeddiagnoses.Butiftheconditionisnotdiagnosedintime,itcanprogressintosepticshock,causingasignificantdropinbloodpressure,organfailure,andotherseriousconsequences.Evenwithtreatment,insomecases,thereisnothingdoctorscandotosavethepatient'slife,whichiswhypreventionisthenameofthegamewithsepsis.ThisiswhytheAIdevelopedatJohnsHopkins,knownastheTargetedReal­timeEarlyWarningSystem,issoimportant.Inthetwoyearsthesystemhadbeenonlinesince2024,duringwhichitmonitored590，000patientsviatheirelectronichealthrecords,theAIwasabletoflagnearly10，000casesofsepsis.Itsaccuracyfollowingdiagnosisprovedtobe38%,whichmightnotsoundlikealot,butearliersystemscouldn'tachievemorethan12%.1．What'sthegeneralimpressionofAIinthehealthcareindustries?A．Itiswidelyimplementedtospotdiseases.B．Itprovidesmorevaluethaninotherfields.C．Ithashadalimitedimpact.D．Ithasfailedtosavelives.2．WhatdidresearchersatJohnsHopkinsUniversityfindabouttheAItoolforsepsis?A．Itcouldupdatepatientrecords.B．Itcouldbeusedtofigureouthowsepsisoccurs.C．Itcoulduncoverthereasonfordelayeddiagnoses.D．Itcouldbeappliedtosepsisdetectionandtimelycaregiving.3．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlyfocuson?A．Theimportanceofsepsisprevention.B．Thedifficultyofdiagnosingsepsis.C．Theidentificationofsepticshock.D．Thetreatmentsforsepticshock.4．Whydoestheauthorpresentthedatainthelastparagraph?A．Tointroducethedownsideofthestudies.B．Tostresstheeffectivenessofthewarningsystem.C．Toindicatethebignumberofpatientswithsepsis.D．Tocallfortheimprovementofthetool'saccuracy.B[2024·雅礼中学考前适应性训练]It'snosecretthatinhaling(吸入)smokeisbadforyourlungs.Butnow,scientistsaresuggestingsmokemayalsocarryandspreadinfectiousdiseases.Thetheory,publishedinScienceMagazine,isbasedonresearchthatfoundwildfiresmokeiscrowdedwiththousandsofspeciesofmicroorganisms.Someofthesemicroorganisms,includingbacteriaandfungalspores,areknowntocausedisease.Thenewresearchsuggeststhatwhenawildfireburnsplantoranimalmatteranddisturbssoils,itexposesthousandsofspeciesofbacteriaandfungithatotherwisemightnoteasilybecomeairborne(空气传播的).Youmightthinkthehighheatfromfirewouldkilltheseorganisms,butonestudymentionedinthearticlefoundthatsomebacteriaevenmultiplypost­fire.Scientistssaytheorganismsattachtosmokeparticles,allowingthemtotravelthousandsofmilesacrosscontinents.Dr.PeterChen,directoroftheDivisionofPulmonaryandCriticalCareMedicineatCedars­SinaiMedicalCenterinLosAngeles,isinterestedinthetheorybutsomewhatskepticalthatthemicroorganismsinsmokewouldactuallycauseinfections.Manybacteriaandfungidon'tcauselunginfections,saysChen,butit'scertainlypossiblethatasignificantamountcouldworsensymptomsinsomeonewithapreexistinglungcondition.“Ialwaysthoughtitwastheparticlesinsmokethatwerecausingtheseissues，”saysChen.“ButwhenIreadthis,Istartedthinking:Coulditbethemicroorganismsthatarealsoworseningexistingillnesses？”Whetherthemicroorganismsinsmokeactuallycauseinfectionorsimplyworsenpotentialrespiratory(呼吸的)issues,thearticleraisesanewhealththreatthatis“certainlyalarming”，saysKelseyJack,anassociateprofessorofenvironmentalanddevelopmenteconomics.Thisisespeciallytrueforlower­incomepopulations,Jacksays,becausepeoplewithfewermeansareoftenmoreexposedtotheenvironment.Ifsmokeisaffectingtheairqualityinacertainarea,thepeoplewhoworkoutside,orwhohavetogototheofficeonfootorbybikewillinhalemoresmokethanthosewhodrive.Butuntilmoreresearchisdone,Chensaysthebestthingpeoplecandoisjustfollowexistingrecommendationswhenairqualityispoor—includingstayingindoors,keepingwindowsanddoorsclosed,usingHEPAfiltersandrunningairconditioning.5．WhatcanweknowaboutthemicroorganismsfromParagraph2?A．Theycouldbekilledbyhighheat.B．Theycouldreproduceinlargenumbersafterfires.C．Theycouldpossiblytravelthroughairbythemselves.D．Theycaneasilyattachthemselvestosmokeparticles．6．HowdomostmicroorganismsaffectpeopleaccordingtoDr.PeterChen?A．Theymightworsenlungdiseases.B．Theywillcauselunginfections.C．Theywilldestroylivingenvironments.D．Theymightdamagerespiratorysystems.7．Whyarelow­incomepeoplesufferingmorethanothers?A．Theyliveinpoorareas.B．Theydrivetoandfromwork.C．Theyhavesufferedfromlungdisease.D.Theyareexposedtopollutedairmorefrequently.8．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Resultsofthenewresearch.B．Suggestionsondealingwithpoorairquality.C．DisagreementsbetweentheauthorandChen.D．Benefitsofpreventingsmokefrompollutingtheair.C[2024·山东省聊城市三模]Itwaseighto'clockonChristmasmorning,andUncleTomsaidhewantedtolistentothenews.My11­year­oldselfwaswonderingwhygrown­upswouldbeinterestedinthenewswhentherewereimportantthingstobedone,suchashandingoutpresents.However,whileIwasonlyhalf­listeningtotheradiobroadcast,IwasconfusedthatIhadheardthatreportearlier.Myolderbrother,Colin,figuredoutwhatwashappening.“Pete,it'sataperecorder!We'vegotourtaperecorder！”Thiswasoneofthoseraremomentswhenmyinsidegaveaninvoluntarylurch(倾斜).ColinandIhadbothbeenblindfrombirth.Inthelate1950s,taperecordersweredefinitelythetopchoiceforblindkids,especiallywiththeriseofrock‘n’roll.Butitwasn'tthefirsttimeIhadbeenattractedtoataperecorder.IvividlyrememberwalkingintoaroomwhenIwasfourandhearingachild'sbeautifulsinging.Itturnedoutthatmydadhadborrowedataperecorderforpreparinghisprojects.Andforthefirsttime,inthesamewaythatasightedchildmightreacttoseeingthemselvesinamirrororaphotograph,Igotthesenseofmyselfasaseparatepersonwhoexistedoutsidemyheadandwasexperiencedbyotherpeople.ThenIbecameabroadcasteratschool.Iwouldwanderaroundtheschoolwithmymicrophone,recordingmythoughtsinthestyleofthevoicesIheardontheradio.ButthebiggestchallengewasnotfindingthingstodowiththetaperecorderbuttakingitawayfromColin.Hisgenerosityonthefirstdaywegotitdidnotextendtohandingitovertohisbrotheratschool.“You'llbreakit，”hewouldsay.Buttenyearslater,Idrewontheconfidencegainedfromthoseearlyexplorationsofthesoundandwalkedintoaradiostation,inthehopesofsellingmyselfasabroadcastjournalist.Eightyearslater,IpresentedmyfirstreportforBBC'sSixO'ClockNews.IneverthoughtthataChristmaspresenthadchangedmylife.9．WhydidUncleTomprobablylistentothenewsonChristmasmorning?A．Tokeepupwiththetimes.B．Tocarryontheholidaytradition.C．Tocreateahappyfestivalmood.D．TosurpriseColinandtheauthor.10．Whatdidtheauthorfeelwhenfirsthearingataperecorderatfour?A．Hisinterestinmusic.B．Hisloveofbroadcasting.C．Therealexistenceofhimself.D．Anunderstandingofhisfather.11．Whatwastheauthor'sbiggestchallengeasaschoolbroadcaster?A．Learningthevoicestyleofradiohosts.B．GettingthetaperecorderfromColin.C．Balancingbroadcastingandstudy.D．Findingfunthingstorecord.12．Whathelpedbuilduptheauthor'sconfidenceinbecomingabroadcastjournalist?A．Hisexperiencesofexploringthesound.B．Histalentforrecording.C．Hisfather'sencouragement.D．Hisrichbroadcastingknowledge.[答题区]题号123456789101112答案阅读理解题型分类练(二)A【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲的是现在，很多医院都在运用机器学习程序来发觉癌症和其他疾病，并发觉新药。但人们照旧普遍认为，这一切都是以一种很小的方式完成的，影响照旧很小。1．答案与解析：C微小环节理解题。依据第一段的“Machine­learningprogramsarenowbeingusedinmanyhospitalstospotcancerandotherdiseasesanddiscovernewdrugs,butthere'sstillthisgeneralimpressionthatthisisalldoneinasmallwayandtheimpactsarestillminimal.”可知，人们对人工智能在医疗行业的总体印象是它的影响有限。2．答案与解析：D微小环节理解题。依据其次段可知，约翰霍普金斯高校的探讨人员发觉败血症的人工智能工具可用于败血症的检测和刚好护理。3．答案与解析：A主旨大意题。通读第三段可知，第三段主要讲的是预防败血症的重要性。4．答案与解析：B推理推断题。依据最终一段的“Inthetwoyearsthesystemhadbeenonlinesince2024,...butearliersystemscouldn'tachievemorethan12%.”可知，作者在最终一段列出数据的目的是强调预警系统的有效性。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们认为烟雾也可能携带和传播传染病。发表在《科学》杂志上的这一理论基于一项探讨，该探讨发觉野火烟雾中充溢了数千种微生物。其中一些微生物会引起疾病。5．答案与解析：B微小环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Youmightthinkthehighheatfromfirewouldkilltheseorganisms,butonestudymentionedinthearticlefoundthatsomebacteriaevenmultiplypost­fire.”可知，从其次段我们可以了解到有些微生物在火灾后还能繁殖。故选B。6．答案与解析：A微小环节理解题。依据第三段中的“Manybacteriaandfungidon'tcauselunginfections,saysChen,butit'scertainlypossiblethatasignificantamountcouldworsensymptomsinsomeonewithapreexistinglungcondition.”可知，陈彼得博士认为大多数微生物可能会加重肺部疾病。7．答案与解析：D微小环节理解题。依据第四段中的“Thisisespecially