2024八年级英语下册Unit8Agreenworld综合素质评价牛津译林版

Unit8综合素养评价限时:120分钟满分:100分一、单项选择(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。()1.—WhatshouldIdotolive________greenlife?—Ithinkyoushouldgoby________bikeinsteadofdrivingyourcar.A.a;a B.the;/ C.a;/ D.an;/()2.Itisamazingthattheserockswere________morethan4,000millionyearsago.A.expected B.formed C.held D.touched()3.Ithinkwemustgiveupusingplasticbagsto________ourearth.A.produce B.protect C.provide D.pollute()4.NotonlyDavidbutalsohiscousin________totheGreatWallbefore.A.hasbeen B.havebeen C.hasgone D.havegone()5.Inthecompetition,boysandgirls________twogroupstofight.A.separateinto B.areseparatedintoC.separatefrom D.areseparatedfrom()6.—Canyoufinishthejobalone?—IamsureIcanifI________onemorehour.A.give B.willgive C.amgiven D.gave()7.—Paul,couldyouplease________theTV?It’stoonoisy.—Sorry,I’lldoitrightnow.A.turnup B.turningupC.turndown D.turningdown()8.[2024连云港海州区一模]Today,teenagersshouldbetaughttospendtheirpocketmoney________.A.politely B.wisely C.suddenly D.closely()9.[2024扬州江都区邵樊片二模]Whataction________topreventaccidentslikethisfromnowon?A.takes B.wastaken C.istaken D.willbetaken()10.I’mafraidthatthistypeofenergywill________ifwekeepwastingit.A.runsout B.ranout C.runout D.berunout()11.________iswise________peopletotaketheunderground.A.It;with B.It;of C.This;of D.That;for()12.Withoutenoughtrees,soilwon’tbekept________.Andthensandstormsmayoftenhappen.A.intheplace B.onplace C.inplace D.ontheplace()13.Thegovernmentshouldstopthemfrom________treesintheforest.A.cuttingdown B.puttingdown C.takingdown D.lettingdown()14.Thewriterisoneofthegreatestandoldest________writers.Heisstill________.A.living;alive B.living;living C.alive;living D.alive;alive()15.—Areyougoingtodoapart-timejobinyourfreetime?—Yes.Idon’tthinkIshouldalways________myparents.A.turnon B.dependon C.puton D.comeon二、完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Weareluckytoliveinarichcountrywherewehavemanythings.However,mostofususually16________somethings.Electricity(电)isonethingthatwewaste17________.Lights,TVs,18________andotherthingsareoftenkeptonevenwhennooneisusingthem.Weshouldturnthemoffwhenwedonotneedthem.It19________lessthanasecondtodoit.Anyhow,notwastingelectricitysavesmoney,becausewedonothaveto20________theelectricitywedonotuse.Thesecondthingthatweoftenwasteiswater.Freshwaterisprecious(宝贵的),21________itshouldn’tbewasted.Itisonlyasimplematterofturningoffatap.Iamsure22________candothiseasilyifhewantsto.23________bigwasteisfood.Mymother24________cooksomuchfoodthatmuchofitwasthrownaway.Itoldherwehadwastedsomuch25________.ShethoughtIwasrightandnowshecooks26________whatwecaneatup.Itisnot27________tobewasteful.Ifindthereisasimple28________ofnotwastingthings.Thatistouseonlywhatwe29________.Donottouchwhatwedonotneed.30________thiswaywecanstopbeingwasteful.()16.A.use B.wash C.waste D.forget()17.A.few B.little C.most D.least()18.A.bikes B.doors C.radios D.apples()19.A.costs B.takes C.keeps D.brings()20.A.afford B.save C.payfor D.carefor()21.A.so B.but C.because D.though()22.A.nobody B.something C.everybody D.nothing()23.A.Others B.Other C.Another D.Theother()24.A.plannedto B.usedto C.wasafraidto D.wasableto()25.A.electricity B.water C.food D.money()26.A.mainly B.only C.mostly D.specially()27.A.right B.fine C.bad D.necessary()28.A.way B.thing C.plan D.project()29.A.buy B.need C.bring D.get()30.A.In B.On C.At D.For三、阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)阅读下面短文,从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AIremembergoingtothelocaluniversityforanastronomy(天文学)nightwhenIwasachild.Thatnight,IsawSaturn,oneoftheplanets,anditsringswithmyowneyesforthefirsttime.Theringsshonebrightlyagainsttheblacknessofspaceandsuddenlytheuniverse(宇宙)wasn’tsomethingthatyouonlyreadaboutorimaginedinyourhead.Itwasrightthere,andyouwereapartofit.Thatmomentispriceless.Whilestarlightisgood,lightpollutionhereontheEarthcanbearealproblem.Forthepast200yearsorso,wehaveusedtoomuchelectricitytomakethenightbrighter.However,brighterdoesn’tusuallymeanbetter,especiallywhenalotofthatlightshinesupintotheskywherenooneneedsit.Luckily,somecitieshavetakenaction,likesettingupnewdownward-directinglightsalongthestreets.Ihopethatmorecitieswilljoininandcontinuethepracticeofcontrollingunnecessarylighting,sothatmoreofuscanwatchthenightskyinawayhumanshaveforthousandsofyears.()31.Whatdoesthewriterthinkoftheastronomynight?A.Itopenedhiseyes. B.Itcontrolledhismind.C.Itwasarealproblem. D.Ittookhimtoomuchtime.()32.Whatdoesthewriterhopefor?A.Abrighternight. B.Lessuseoflighting.C.Morepersonalspace. D.Abettereducation.()33.Whatisthewriter’spurposeofwritingthisarticle?A.Tosharehisexperienceofvisitingthelocaluniversity.B.Todescribethebeautyofthenightsky.C.Tocallonpeopletouselesslightatnight.D.Toletmorestudentsstudyastronomy.BIsitpossibletohaveadiet(日常饮食)that’sbothhealthyandfriendlytoourplanet?Hereareanswerstoyoureco-friendlyfoodquestions.DoeswhatIeatinfluenceclimate(气候)change?Yes.Theworld’sfoodsystemisresponsiblefor(为……负责)aboutonequarteroftheplanet-warminggreenhousegasesthathumansproduceeachyear.Thatincludesraisingandharvestingalltheplants,animals,andanimalproductsweeat,aswellasprocessing,packaging,andshippingfoodtomarketsallovertheworld.Whichfoodshavethelargestinfluence?Ingeneral,beefandlambhavethebiggestclimatefootprintpergramofproteinwhileplant-basedfoodslikebeans,rice,cornandwheathavethesmallestinfluence.Pork,chicken,eggsaresomewhereinthemiddle.IsthereasimplefoodchoiceIcanmake?Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewhoeatameat-heavydietcanreducetheirfood-relatedfootprintbyonethirdormorebymovingtoavegandiet—nomeat,dairy(乳制品),oreggs.Ifyoudon’twanttogothatfar,justeatlessmeat.CanIreallymakeadifferencetoourplanet?Weneedmorefoodtofeedtheworld’sgrowingpopulation.Onepersonalonecanmakeonlyatinydifference.Ifmanypeoplemakechangestotheirdiets,thatwillstarttoaddup.Itwillmakeagreaterdifferenceiftheworld’sheaviestmeateatersmakesomechangestotheirdiets.()34.Accordingtothepassage,whichfoodshavethesmallestinfluenceonourplanet?A.Beefandlamb. B.Riceandcorn.C.Chickenandpork. D.Beansandbeef.()35.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Onepersonalonemakesnodifferencetoourplanet.B.Shippingfoodallovertheworldhasnoinfluenceonclimatechange.C.Alltheplanet-warminggreenhousegasescomefromthefoodsystem.D.Meateaterscanreducetheirfood-relatedfootprintbyeatinglessmeat.()36.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoproducemoremeatB.Howtomakemoreplant-basedfoodsC.HowtoeatbetterfortheplanetD.Howtoaskeco-friendlyfoodquestionsCEveryoneknowsbynowthatplasticpollutionisahugeproblemfortheenvironment.Beijing,forexample,hasdealtwiththisbybanning(禁止)thinplasticbags,plastictableware(餐具)andotherplasticitemsinsupermarkets,restaurantsandhotelssinceMay1,2024.Butanevenbettersolutionmightbeontheway.ResearchersataFrenchcompanycalledCarbioshavediscoveredabacterialenzymethatcanbreakdownplastic.Theenzyme,whichwasfirstfoundincompost(堆肥)leaves,turnsplasticintochemical“buildingblocks”thatcanthenbeusedtocreatenewproducts,accordingtotheGuardian.ThenewenzymewasuncoveredinresearchthatwaspublishedinthejournalNature.Researchersstudiedover100,000microorganisms(微生物)tofindonethatcouldbreakdownplasticquickly.Theleafcompostenzymewasfirstdiscoveredin2012.Scientistschangeditsgenes(基因),allowingittobreakdown90percentofonetonofplasticinlessthan10hours.“Ithadbeencompletelyforgotten,butitturnedouttobethebest,”saidProfessorAlainMarty,chiefscienceofficeratCarbios.TheenzymeespeciallybreaksdownPET,atypeofplasticthatismostcommonlyusedtoproduceplasticbottlesandfoodpackaging.Itisthefifthmostcommontypeofplasticthatweuse.CarbiossaiditisworkingtogetherwithcompanieslikePepsiandNestle—majorconsumersofplasticthemselves—todeveloptheirresearchandstartusingtheenzymeonanindustrialscale(范围),accordingtoForbes.()37.Accordingtothepassage,whatisahugeproblemfortheenvironment?A.Plasticbags. B.Plastictableware.C.Plasticbottles. D.Plasticpollution.()38.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“enzyme”inParagraph2mostlyprobablystandfor?A.Atypeofplasticthatweuse.B.AchiefscienceofficeratCarbios.C.AFrenchcompanycalledCarbios.D.Athingthatcanbreakdownplastic.()39.Whatcanweknowabouttheenzymeaccordingtothepassage?A.Itwasusedtocreatenewthings.B.Itwasfirstfoundincompostleaves.C.ItwasstudiedbythejournalNature.D.Itwasneverbeenforgottenbythescientists.()40.WhyisCarbiosworkingtogetherwithcompanieslikePepsiandNestle?A.Tostartusingplastic.B.Tomakemoremoney.C.Tosellbottlesandfood.D.Todeveloptheirresearch.其次节(共10小题;每小题2分,满分20分)A阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Plasticbringsusconvenience,andpollutionaswell.41.________It’sinourfoodanddrinks,intheclotheswewearandevenintheairwebreathe.Someverytinypiecesofplasticarecalledmicroplastics(微塑料).Thelargestmicroplasticscanbedirectlyseen.42.________Whatshouldwedothen?43.________Anytimeplasticboxesareheated,microplasticscangetintoyourfood.Ifyoucan’tavoidusingplasticboxes,trynottoheatfoodinthem.Useaglassormetalcupinsteadofaplasticone.Researchershavefoundthatbottledwaterhasmoremicroplasticsthantapwater.44.________Soifyoulikedrinkingcoffee,hotmilkorotherhotdrinks,remembertouseaglassormetalcup.Sinceplasticiseverywhere,researcherssuggestthatweshouldbecarefulwithpossiblemicroplasticsinlife.Theymaybefrombabytoys,pens,andevenphonesweuseeveryday.45.________A.What’sworse,it’severywhere.B.Avoidheatingfoodinplasticboxes.C.Weshoulddrinkmorebottledwater.D.Useplasticproductswidelyinourdailylife.E.Allinall,weshoulduseplasticproductsproperly.F.Butmanyofthemaresmallenoughtobearounduswithoutbeingseen.G.Also,theheatofyourdrinkswillencouragemicroplasticstogetintoyourdrinks.B阅读短文,回答问题。TheYangtzeRiver,about6,300kilometerslong,isthelongestriverinAsia.Itprovidesalifelineforhundredsofmillionsofpeople.Itcoversanareaof1.8millionsquarekilometers,aboutafifthofthenationaltotal.Theriveralsoprovidesathirdofourcountry’sfreshwaterresources.However,inrecentyears,theYangtzeRiverhasmetwithsomeenvironmentalproblems.Itwasseriouslypollutedandthenumberofthefishisgettingsmaller.Tosolvetheseproblems,thegovernmentpassedtheYangtzeRiverProtectionLaw.ThelawcameintoforceonMarch1,2024.Thereareninepartsinthelaw,coveringareassuchasresourceprotection,anti-pollutionmeasures,greendevelopmentandlegalresponsibilitiesandsoon.Moreimportantly,thelawhasintroducedafishingban(禁令)ontheYangtzeRiver’snaturalwaterways.Accordingtothenewlaw,boththecentralgovernmentandlocalorganizationswouldputtheriverprotectionintotheireconomic(经济的)andsocialdevelopmentplans.Around231,000fishermenhadgivenuptheirfishingrightsalongtheYangtzeRiver.Chinesegovernmentsaidthatmoresupportshouldbegiventothesepeopletohelpthemfindnewjobs.Healsocalledforstrongereffortstohelppreventactivitieswhicharenotallowedbythelawandencouragedthepublictosupporttheban.46.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inParagraph1referto?________________________________________________________________47.WhydidthegovernmentpasstheYangtzeRiverProtectionLaw?________________________________________________________________48.Howmanypartsarethereinthelaw?________________________________________________________________49.Howwouldthegovernmenthelpthefishermen?________________________________________________________________50.WhatdoyouthinkoftheYangtzeRiverProtectionLaw?________________________________________________________________四、依据句意及所给中文提示、首字母或英文说明,写出句中所缺单词(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)51.[2024常州西林试验学校一模]Makinglawsisoneoftheimportant________(步)tokeepequalorright.52.Hedoeseverythingwellbecauseheisalways________(细致的)aboutwhathedoes.53.Theclassroomis________(空的)now.Allthestudentsareinthereadingroom.54.[2024苏州高新区一模]Thiswriterisquitegoodatexpressingherideasin________(简洁的)language.55.The________(调查)showthatpeople’slivingstandardshavegreatlyimproved.56.Drinkingtoomuchjuicecanbe________(有害的)topeople’steeth.57.TherearesomedbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.58.Tonydidhishomeworkcsohemademanymistakes.59.Heis________(tomakeaholeinthegroundusingatooloramachine)aholetoplantayoungtree.60.Workershavetospendasmuchtimeastheycan________(tomakethingstobesold)masks.五、依据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文完整、通顺(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)“Green”ismorethanjustacolour.Itmeansthatyoushouldliveto61.p.theenvironment—thewater,thelandandtheair.Youcanbeagreenkidbyfollowingthesesteps.Whenyouuse62.lofsomething,youdoagoodthingfortheEarth.Forexample,ashortershower63.myouuselesswater.Turnoffthewaterwhenyouarebrushingyour64.t.Manytimes,evenifyoudon’tneedsomething,someone65.emightjustneedit.Forexample,ifyouryoungersisterdoesn’tplaywithhertoybear,youcangiveittoyourneighbour.Tryto66.cbooks,toys,evenclotheswithfriendsiftheyalsohavesome.It’struethatpollutionisagreat67.pnow,buttheEarthisstillabeautifulandinterestingplace.Goforahike,visitnaturegardens,climbmountainsandtakeaboatinthe68.r.Outdooractivitiesare69.gforyou.Youcanalsoplanttrees,collectreusable(可重复运用的)thingsandsoon.70.Bagreenkidissoeasy.六、书面表达(满分10分)“绿水青山就是金山银山”。请你结合自己平常疼惜环境的一些做法,以“HowtoMakeOurHometownMoreBeautiful”为题,写一篇英语短文。要点:1.表达清楚,语法正确,上下文连贯;2.80词左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数);3.文中不得出现真实的地名、校名、人名等信息。参考词汇:environment;pollution;reduce;sorttherubbish(分类垃圾)HowtoMakeOurHometownMoreBeautifulThecleanwaterandgreenmountainsareourtreasures.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Unit8综合素养评价一、1.C【点拨】bybike意为“骑自行车”,可解除A项;一种绿色生活用“agreenlife”表达。故选C。2.B【点拨】考查动词辨析。句意为“令人惊异的是,这些岩石形成于40多亿年前”。expected期盼;formed形成;held实行;touched触摸。依据“theserockswere...morethan4,000millionyearsago”可知此处讲岩石的形成时间。故选B。3.B【点拨】句意为“我认为我们必需放弃运用塑料袋来疼惜我们的地球”。produce生产;protect疼惜;provide供应;pollute污染。结合句意可知选B。4.A【点拨】用语法判定法。notonly...butalso...连接句子的两个主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,解除B、D两项;hasbeento去过某地,hasgoneto去某地了。故选A。5.B【点拨】主语“boysandgirls”和“separate”之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,解除A、C两项;separate...into把……分成;separate...from...把……从……中分出来。故选B。6.C7.C【点拨】用短语辨析法。turnup开大;turndown关小。依据could情态动词后接动词原形可解除B、D两项;依据“It’stoonoisy.”可知是关小。故选C。8.B【点拨】用词义辨析法。句意为“如今,青少年应当被教化明智地运用零花钱”。politely有礼貌地;wisely明智地;suddenly突然地;closely紧密地。依据“spendtheirpocketmoney...”可知,此处是指明智地运用零花钱。故选B。9.D【点拨】考查时态和语态。句意为“从现在起,将实行什么行动来防止此类事故的发生?”。依据“fromnowon”可知是一般将来时;主语与谓语是动宾关系,因此用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。10.C11.B【点拨】用固定句型法。“Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.”是固定句型,It是形式主语,of引导动词不定式的逻辑主语。故选B。12.C【点拨】用固定搭配法。句意为“没有足够的树木,土壤就会流失。然后沙尘暴就会经常发生”。inplace意为“在恰当的位置”,是固定搭配。故选C。13.A14.A【点拨】用词义辨析法。句意为“这位作家是最宏大的和年龄最大的活着的作家之一。他现在还在世”。living常作前置定语,意为“活着的”;alive作表语。故选A。15.B【点拨】用短语辨析法。句意为“——你打算在你的空闲时间做兼职吗?——是的。我认为我不应当总是依靠我的父母”。turnon打开;dependon依靠;puton穿上;comeon快点儿。依据“Areyougoingtodoapart-timejobinyourfreetime?”和“Yes.”可推断,说话人认为不应当总是“依靠”父母。故选B。二、【主旨大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了我们很幸运地生活在一个拥有许多东西的国家,但是大部分人存在奢侈行为,文中列举了一些例子,作者呼吁人们停止奢侈。16.C17.C【点拨】考查修饰词。few很少,修饰可数名词复数;little很少,修饰不行数名词;most最多;least最少。依据下文“Lights,TVs,...andotherthingsareoftenkeptonevenwhennooneisusingthem.”可知,此处是讲电是我们奢侈最多的一个东西。故选C。18.C【点拨】考查名词。bikes自行车;doors门;radios收音机;apples苹果。依据“Lights,TVs”可知,此处是关于电器之类的,故选C。19.B【点拨】考查动词。costs花费,物作主语;takes花费,it作形式主语;keeps保持;brings带来。Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花费某人多长时间去做某事,是固定句型。故选B。20.C【点拨】afford付得起;save挽救;payfor付款;carefor照看。依据“Anyhow,notwastingelectricitysavesmoney”可知,不奢侈电就是省钱,我们不用为我们没用的电付钱。故选C。21.A22.C23.C【点拨】考查词义辨析。Others是代词,别的,其他的;Other别的,其他的;Another另一,再一;Theother另一个,其他的。依据“Mymother...cooksomuchfoodthatmuchofitwasthrownaway.Itoldherwehadwastedsomuch...ShethoughtIwasrightandnowshecooks...whatwecaneatup.”可知,此处是讲另一种奢侈是食物。故选C。24.B【点拨】考查短语辨析。plannedtodo支配去做;usedtodo过去经常做;wasafraidtodo害怕 去做;wasabletodo能做。依据“ShethoughtIwasrightandnowshecooks...whatwecaneatup.”可知,此处是讲母亲过去做太多的食物。故选B。25.C【点拨】考查名词。electricity电,电力;water水;food食物;money金钱。依据“Mymother...cooksomuchfoodthatmuchofitwasthrownaway.”可知,此处是讲我们奢侈了许多食物。故选C。26.B【点拨】考查副词。mainly主要地;only仅仅,只;mostly大多数;specially特殊地。依据“whatwecaneatup”可知,此处是指只做我们能吃完的食物,故选B。27.A28.A29.B30.A三、第一节A【主旨大意】文章讲解并描述了城市灯光的滥用让夜晚的天空不再好看,作者呼吁尽量在夜晚削减不必要的照明。31.A【点拨】推理推断题。依据短文第一段中的“Theringsshonebrightlyagainsttheblacknessofspaceandsuddenlytheuniverse(宇宙)wasn’tsomethingthatyouonlyreadaboutorimaginedinyourhead.”可知,这个天文之夜打开了作者的视野。故选A。32.B【点拨】微小环节理解题。依据短文第三段中的“Ihopethatmorecitieswilljoininandcontinuethepracticeofcontrollingunnecessarylighting”可知,作者希望少运用灯光。故选B。33.C【点拨】推理推断题。通读全文可知,作者主要通过自己的一次观测行星的阅历说明白在夜晚削减不必要的照明的必要性。选项C为本文的写作目的。故选C。B【主旨大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要针对环保食品的四个问题进行了解答,它们分别是:我吃的东西是否会影响气候变更?哪些食物影响最大?我能做出简洁的食物选择吗?我真的能变更我们的星球吗?34.B【点拨】微小环节理解题。依据“plant-basedfoodslikebeans,rice,cornandwheathavethesmallestinfluence”可知,豆类、大米、玉米和小麦等植物性食品的影响最小。故选B。35.D【点拨】微小环节推断题。依据“...ameat-heavydietcanreducetheirfood-relatedfootprintbyonethirdormorebymovingtoavegandiet—nomeat,dairy(乳制品),oreggs.Ifyoudon’twanttogothatfar,justeatlessmeat.”可知,肉食者可以通过少吃肉来削减与食物相关的踪迹。故选D。36.C【点拨】最佳标题题。依据第一段中的“Isitpossibletohaveadiet(日常饮食)that’sbothhealthyandfriendlytoourplanet?Hereareanswerstoyoureco-friendlyfoodquestions.”可知,本文主要通过回答四个环保食品的问题来告知大家如何为了地球吃得更好。故选C。C【主旨大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Carbios公司的探讨人员发觉了一种可以分解塑料的细菌酶,并且该公司正与其他公司合作,共同开展探讨。37.D【点拨】微小环节理解题。依据短文中的“Everyoneknowsbynowthatplasticpollutionisahugeproblemfortheenvironment.”可知,塑料污染对于环境是一个大问题。故选D。38.D【点拨】词义揣测题。依据语境可知,是一种可以分解塑料的化学成分。故选D。39.B【点拨】微小环节理解题。依据短文中的“Theenzyme,whichwasfirstfoundincompost(堆肥)leaves,turnsplasticintochemical‘buildingblocks’thatcanthenbeusedtocreatenewproducts,accordingtotheGuardian.”可知,这种化学成分是首次在树叶的堆肥中发觉的。故选B。40.D【点拨】微小环节理解题。依据短文中的“CarbiossaiditisworkingtogetherwithcompanieslikePepsiandNestle—majorconsumersofplasticthemselves—todeveloptheirresearchandstartusingtheenzymeonanindustrialscale(范围),accordingtoForbes.”可知,一起合作是为了发展他们的探讨,在工业范围内运用这种可以分解塑料的化学成分。故选D。其次节A【主旨大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了塑料给我们带来了便利但同时也伴随污染。提出了避开微塑料的一些方法。41.A【点拨】依据上文可知,塑料会给我们带来污染,横线后面的句子:它在我们的食物、饮料、我们穿的衣服,甚至我们呼吸的空气中,是对污染的进一步介绍,选项A“更糟糕的是,塑料无处不在”符合语境。故填A。42.F【点拨】结合上下文可知,最大的微塑料可以被看见,但是也有一些很小的不能被看到,那我们应当怎么做呢?结合提示词largest和seen可知,选项F“但它们中的许多都很小,足以在我们四周而不被望见”符合语境。故填F。43.B【点拨】依据下文提示和“Ifyoucan’tavoidusingplasticboxes”可知,本段主旨句为应当避开加热塑料盒子,选项B“避开用塑料盒加热食物”符合语境。故填B。44.G【点拨】依据横线后面的提示词So推断前面的句子是对本段主旨句“Useaglassormetalcupinsteadofaplasticone.”的一个支撑,即加热你的饮料也会让更多的微塑料进入你的饮料中,选项G“此外,对饮料的加热会促使塑料微粒进入你的饮料中”符合语境。故填G。45.E【点拨】结合上文语境可知,本段主要进行总结。由于塑料无处不在,探讨者建议我们当心应对生活中的塑料,最终提出要恰当运用塑料,选项E“总之,我们应当正确运用塑料制品”。故填E。B【主旨大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了长江是一条特殊重要的河流。然而,近年来,长江遇到一些环境问题,为解决这些问题,政府通过了《长江疼惜法》,同时呼吁给相关渔民找新工作,激励公众支持禁渔令。46.TheYangtzeRiver.47.Tosolve(some)environmentalproblems.48.Nine/9.49.Byhelpingthemfindjobs./Byoffering(giving)them(new)jobs./Byoffering(giving)jobstothem./Byprovidingthemwithjobs./Byprovidingjobsforthem.50.Useful./Helpful./Meaningful