中考英语重点语法专项之现在完成时解读课件

现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense第一课时DaXiong,brushyourteeth,please.Mum,Ihavealreadybrushedthem.想一想：1.大熊刷牙的动作发生在什么时候？2.大熊现在还需不需要刷牙？nowpastIhavealreadybrushedmyteeth.Ibrushedmyteethjustnow.Ineedn'tbrushthemnow.已经刷过了。影响Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.DaXiong,doyourhomework.想一想：1.大熊写作业的动作发生在什么时候？2.大熊现在还需不需要写作业？nowpastIhavealreadydonemyhomework.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Ineedn'tdomyhomeworknow.我们把表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果的时态称为现在完成时。已经做完了影响Ihavealreadybrushedmyteeth.Ihavealreadydonemyhomework.观察：现在完成时的谓语结构是什么？have/has+动词的过去分词（done）注意：have或has是助动词，无实意。has用于第三人称单数，其他人称一律用have。a.一般直接在词尾加上ed。look—looked—lookedb.以不发音的e结尾的动词，直接加d。move—moved—movedc.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i,再加ed。carry—carried—carriedd.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。stop—stopped—stopped动词的过去分词变化规则1）规则变化与动词过去式的变化规则相同AAA型cut—cut—cutABB型bring—brought—broughtABA型come—came—comeABC型do—did—done2）不规则变化，没有规律，需要记忆（见课本P136,137）AAB型beat—beat—beaten观察：现在完成时的肯定句如何变成否定句？Ihavealreadybrushedmyteeth.Ihavenotbrushedmyteethyet.haven'tShehashadbreakfastalready.Shehasnothadbreakfastyet.hasn't在have/has后+not，缩写为haven't/hasn't观察：现在完成时的陈述句如何变成一般疑问句？如何作回答？Ihavealreadybrushedmyteeth.Haveyoubrushedyourteeth?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't.Shehashadbreakfastalready.Hasshealreadyhadbreakfast?Yes,shehas./No,shehasn't.把助动词have/has提到句首，其后照搬，句末“？”回答用Yes,...have/has.No,...haven't/hasn't.根据括号内的要求完成下列各句，每空一词(含缩写)。1.Myparentshavecomebackalready.(改为否定句)Myparents_____________back____.2.Theboyshavereadthebooklotsoftimes.(改为一般疑问句)_______theboys_______thebooklotsoftimes?3.I'vealreadyhaddinner.(改为一般疑问句)

you

dinner

?4.She'scookedthelunch.(改为否定句)She

thelunch. havenotcomeyethavereadhavehadalreadyhavenotcooked1.---Wouldyouliketogotoseethefilmwithme?---Thankyouverymuch.ButI___italready.A.sawB.haveseenC.seeD.havesaw2.Myaunt____already___tenbooks.has;writtenB./;writesC./;wroteD.have;wrote3.---Whyareyoustillhere?---I_____myworkyet.A.haven’tfinishedB.finishedC.finishD.finishes4.Inthepastfewyears,people___manybuildings.A.builtB.hasbuiltC.havebuiltD.hasbuilded单项选择题现在完成时的意义：表示过去发生的某一动作对___________造成的影响或结果。即到_______为止，动作已经完成。常和_______（曾经）、_______（已经）、______（还没有）等词连用。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达)现在现在everalreadyyet一、现在完成时用法一小结：时态

时间谓语观句子，察不同1.Ihavealreadyeatenmybreakfast.Iatemybreakfastjustnow.2.MymotherhaslivedinDaliforalongtime.MymotherlivedinDalitwoyearsago.3.Haveyoueverreadthatbookbefore?Didyoureadthatbookyesterday?现在完成时与一般过去时区别时态现在完成时一般过去时时间already，yet，ever，before，never,twice,等yesterday,...ago,last...,justnow等谓语have/has+过去分词(done)1.was/were2.did注意：现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响;而一般过去时侧重于动作发生在过去某个时候.用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.I________(join)thebookclublastmonthandI__________(read)fivebooksalready.2.Ionly_______(start)tolearnEnglishlastweekandI____________(learn)50Englishwordsalready.3.—When________she_______(leave)?—Twohoursago.joinedhavereadstartedhavelearneddid

leave

4.Tony__________(buy)apopmusicCDyesterday,buthe_______________(notlisten)toityet.5.My

father

_______

just

_______

(come)

back

from

work.He

is

tired

now.6.She______(see)thenewspaperonthetablethismorning,butshe__________(notread)ityet.boughthasn'tlistenedhascomesawhasn'tread第二课时JingXiang,Let'sgotoDisneyland.IhavebeentoDisneylandthreetimes.

想一想：静香现在在哪里？WhereisDaXiong?HehasgonetotheGreatWall.想一想：大熊现在在哪里？HowlonghaveyoustayedinJapanwithDaXiong?IhavebeeninJapanfortenyears.想一想：哆啦A梦现在在哪里?观察：对比三个句子的句意，找出区别IhavebeentoDisneylandthreetimes.

HehasgonetotheGreatWall.（已经在日本10年了）（去了长城，现在还没有回来）（去过3次，现在已经回来了）IhavebeeninJapanfortenyears.have三兄弟havebeento+地点havegoneto+地点havebeenin+地点去过某地，已回来（次数，never，ever）去了某地，还没回来（sbisn'there）在某地待了多久（for+时间段，

since+时间点）注意：遇到地点副词home，here，there时，固定词组中介词要去掉一.用havebeento/havegoneto/havebeenin填空1.—Whereisyourbrother?—He________theshop.He’llbebacksoon.2.—_____youever_______toAmerica?—Yes,I_______NewYorktwice.3.—David___________Australia.—I’msurehehasalreadyarrived.4.—IsBennyhere?—No,he______theschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.havegonetohavegonetohavebeentohavegonetohavebeenin选择题1.—

youever

totheartmuseum?

—No,never.A.Do;goB.Did;goC.Have;beenD.Will;go2.—Haveyouever___toThailand?—Yes,I___therelastyear.A.been;goB.gone;wentC.been;wentD.been;havebeen3.—____MaryeverbeentoHainan?—Yes,she____withmelastmonth.A.Have;hasbeenB.Have;havebeenC.Has;hasbeenD.Has;went第三课时HowlonghaveyoustayedinJapanwithDaXiong?IhavebeeninJapanfortenyears.HowlonghaveyoulearnedEnglishinourschool?多久YouhavelearnedEnglishfor

2years.YouhavelearnedEnglishsince

2020.IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolfor

11years.IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolsince

11yearsago.YouhavelivedinXiaguansinceyouwereborn.

YouhavelivedinXiaguanfor14years.pastfuturenow(2022)since2011for10yearsIwillgoonteachingEnglishatthisschool表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在且有可能继续下去的动作或状态。Ibeganto

teachEnglishatthisschool10yearsago.IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolfor10years.IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolfor

11years.IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolsince

9yearsago.YouhavelearnedEnglishfor

2years.YouhavelearnedEnglishsince

2020.观察句子，分析时间状语的表达有何不同？时间段

开始的时间点for和sincefor

+时间段since+时间点since+一段时间+agosince+一般过去时的从句e.g.fortwoweeksfortenyearsforalongtimee.g.since2011/sincelastAprilsincetwoyearsagosinceIwasborn.HowlongmayIkeepyourmagicbook?Foraweek.Butyoucan'tlendittoothers.想一想：keep在句中什么意思？Becauseofanaccident,Kobediedin2020.Kobehasbeendeadfortwoyears.想一想：died,dead什么意思？观察下面3组句子，判断正误Themanhasdiedfortwoyears.Themanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.

Ihaveboughtthebookforfiveyears.

Ihavehadthebookforfiveyears.Ihaveborrowedthedictionaryfor3days.Ihavekeptthedictionaryfor3days.延续性动词非延续性动词表示动作能够持续，可以与for和since引导的时间状语连用.常见延续性动词：learn,work,sleep,watch,sing,readlive等等…表示动作不能持续，这种动作发生后立即结束.常见非延续性动词：open,close,begin,finish,come,go,borrow,buy,die…等等。非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的时间状语连用。延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换begin/startbeonputonwearleavebeawaygethomebehomediebedeadopenbeopenjoinbein/beamemberofclosebeclosedbecomebefallasleepbeasleepgetmarriedbemarriedborrowkeepcomebackbebackbuyhave1.—Thenewshirtlooksgoodonyou.Whendidy