Unit+5+Languages+around+the+World+Discovering+Useful+Structures+高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit5

LanguagesaroundtheWorldDiscoveringUsefulStructures“Adifferentlanguageisdifferentvisionoflife.”---FedericoFellini“每种不同的语言都是一种不同的生活视角。”——费德里科·费里尼Part01WarmupLookatthesesentencesandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclauses.Whatkindofinformationdoeseachclausecommunicate?1.Itwasatimewhenpeopleweredividedgeographically.2.EmperorQinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountrywheretheChinesewritingsystembegantodevelopinonedirection.3.Therearemanyreasonswhypeoplelearnaforeignlanguage.4.ThesewereanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswerecarvedbyancientChinesepeople.修饰atime,when在从句中作时间状语修饰oneunifiedcountry,where在从句中作地点状语修饰reasons,why在从句中作原因状语修饰animalbonesandshells,onwhich=ontheanimalbonesandshells。Part02关系副词When的用法

when引导定语从句，其先行词是表示_________的名词,如_____________________________________等，when在从句中作________。时间time,morning,day,week,month,year时间状语Istillrememberthedayswhenweswamtogetherintheriver.我仍然记得我们在这条河中一起游泳的日子。Doyouknowthedatewhentheygotmarried?你知道他们结婚的日期吗?where的用法

where引导定语从句，其先行词是表示_______的名词,如________________________________等,when在从句中作______。地点place,spot,room,house,school,city地点状语地点具体的地点：place,house抽象的地点：position,stage隐性的地点：news,story,words,somethingDoyoustillrememberthewoodswherewefirstmet?你还记得我们第一次见面的那片树林吗?Pleasekeepyourthingsinaplacewhereyoucanfindthemeasily.请把你的东西放在容易找到的地方。并非所有的表示“地点”和“时间”的先行词,后面的定语从句一定要用where和when引导。如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，就要用that或which引导。why的用法

why引导定语从句，表示___________，其先行词是_______,when在从句中作__________。reason原因状语原因或理由Isthisthereasonwhyyourefusedme?这就是你拒绝我的理由吗?Shecamearoundtoexplainthereasonwhyshewasabsentfromthemeeting.她过来是为了解释她当时缺席会议的原因。如果reason不是定语从句中事件发生的原因，而是充当了定语从句中谓语动词的主语或宾语，这时，要用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，不用why。。that的用法

that作关系副词时可以修饰表示_______________________________________________的先行词，相当于____________________________，而且一般可以省略。表示时间时，that相当于when或"介词+which"可省略。Istillrememberthetime(that/when/inwhich)Ihelpedmyfatheronthefarm.我仍然记得在农场里帮助我爸爸的岁月时间(time)、地点(place)、原因(reason)、方式(way)when,where,why,inwhichthat的用法

表示地点时that相当于where或“介词+which”可省略。Ihaveneverbeentotheplace(that/where/inwhich)theIndianslive.我从未去过那些印第安人居住的地方。表示原因时，that相当于why或forwhich,可省略。Thereason(that/why/forwhich)helosthislifewaslackofmedicalcare.他死的原因是缺乏医疗护理。表示方式时,that相当于inwhich,可省略。Canyouworkoutaway(that/inwhich)wecansolvethisproblem?你能找出一种我们能够解决这个问题的方法吗?

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句when,where,whyI'llneverforgetthedayonwhich(=when)mysonwasborn.我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。“介词+which”可以替代关系副词when,where,whyI'dlikeyoutoexplainthereasonforwhich(=why)yourefusedmyoffer.我想让你解释一下你拒绝我帮助的原因。(for依据forthereason确定)关系副词_______________引导定语从句时,关系副词可用“______________”代替。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,关系代词只能用_____________,不可用that或who。介词+关系代词which或whom替代when替代whereThisisthefarmonwhich(=where)Iusedtowork.这就是我过去工作过的农场。(on依据onthefarm确定)替代why

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句依据与先行词的固定搭配确定使用什么介词I'llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIwaswithmyfriendsinthecountry.我永远不会忘记和朋友们一起在乡村度过的时光。依据定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配来确定介词Sheboughtseveralbooks,onwhichshespentallhermoney.她买了几本书,这些书花光了她所有的钱。根据定语从句所表达的具体意思来确定介词Canyouseetheriveracrosswhichthereisabridge?你能看见上面有座桥的那条河吗?(during依据duringthetime确定)(on依据spend...on确定)“介词+关系代词”的其他表达法如果在whom和which之前用of表示所属关系(即ofwhom,ofwhich表示所属关系)，这时名词需要特指，应加定冠词该名词放在ofwhom,ofwhich之前或之后均可。I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichlooksoutoverthesea.I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowlooksoutoverthesea.因为whose也表示所属关系,所以可以转换为:I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.“介词+关系代词”的其他表达法在whom和which之前用of,还可以表示部分与整体的关系。这时，表示“部分”的数词或代词，放在ofwhom,ofwhich之前或之后均可。Shehasthreedaughters,oneofwhomisadoctor.Shehasthreedaughters,allofwhomarebeautiful.还可以说:Shehasthreedaughters,theoldestofwhomiscalledMary.Shehasthreedaughters,ofwhomoneisadoctor.Shehasthreedaughters,ofwhomallarebeautiful.Part03PracticeCompletethepassagewiththecorrectrelativeadverbsorpronouns.Addaprepositionwherenecessary.WhenIstartedstudyingGerman,itwasastruggle.Thewordsfeltstrangeonmytongue,andthegrammarwouldnotstayinmyhead.ItoldmymumthatIwantedtogiveup,andthatIwouldneverliveinacountry_____________Germanwasspoken.Mymumtoldmethatstudyingalanguagewasnotjustformyfuture.Itwasexerciseforthebrain;themorellearntofalanguage,themoremybrainwouldgrow.where/inwhichCompletethepassagewiththecorrectrelativeadverbsorpronouns.Addaprepositionwherenecessary.AndIrememberthatday______________IsuddenlyfeltlikeGermanwasnolongeraforeignlanguage.Itfeltlikemybrainhaddoubledinsize.Ihadfinallycometoaplace_______________Icouldthinkinthisforeignlanguage,andIcouldseetheworldfromadifferentpointofview.IfeltasifIhadreachedthegoal____________IhadbeenfightingforIcouldopenabookandseemeanings,notjustaseaofwords.Ifinallyunderstoodthereason_________mymumhadencouragedmenottogiveup.Thanks,Mum!when/onwhichwhere/atwhichthat/whichwhy用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句1.Theseboneandshellfossilsdatebacktoabillionyearsago__________therewerenohumanbeings.2.Theyarenatives__________attitudetowardstheircivilisationcan'tbechanged.3.Thesystemstillhassomefaultsdespitethefactson__________itisbased.4.Wehaveignoredmanyfactors__________ledtotheempire’supsanddowns.5.Wewillvisitthepark__________thereareavarietyofstonefigures_______________thesculptorcarved.whenwhosewhichthatwherewhich/that/省略用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句1.长春是我们班大多数同学们出生的城市。_____________________________________________________________2.很多时候我们在学习上会犯这样或那样的错误。(therearemanytimeswhen...)_____________________________________________________________3.在头一个小时内决不令人厌烦的地方是餐桌。（where引导的定语从句）_____________________________________________________________4.他考试不及格的原因是他没有努力学习。(thereasonwhy...isthat...)_____________________________________________________________5.他没来的原因是他的车在半路上拋锚了。_____________________________________________________________Changchunisthecitywheremostofthestudentsinourclasswereborn.Therearemanytimeswhenwewouldmakemistakesofthiskindoranother.Thetableistheonlyplacewhereamanisneverboredduringthefirsthour.Thereasonwhyhefailedtheexamisthathedidn'tstudyhard.Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewasabsentwasthathiscarbrokedownhalfway.用适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列各句6.你还记得我们一起待在上海的日子吗？_____________________________________________________________7.你最好在你有疑问的地方做一个标记。(where)_____________________________________________________________8.毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年的大学生活。_____________________________________________________________DoyoustillrememberthedayswhenwestayedtogetherinShanghai?Youhadbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.Aftergraduation,IdecidedtostayinChongqing,whereIspentmychildhoodandfouryears’collegelife.Part04LanguagePointsstrugglen.斗争;奋斗;搏斗vi.奋斗,拼搏thestrugglefor...争取……的斗争astruggleforindependence争取独