高中英语语法一点通-情态动词

♦中英语语法一点———精态劭祠

知识清单

一、表示惬力

情态动词can和could常用来表示“能力”，强调能够做某事，can表示现在的能力，could表

示过去的能力。另外，beableto表示经过一番努力能够做某事，而且成功做了某事。

Iamveryhungry.Icaneattwobowlsofrice.

Whenhewasyoung,hecouldcarrytheheavybox.

Thefirespreadthroughthehotelquicklybuteveryonewasabletogetout.

二、表示雅网

情态动词表示推测时，对现在情况的推测用“情态动词+动词原形”，对过去情况的推测用“情

态动词+havedone”。情态动词表示推测时，可能大小排序如下：

must（一定）〉will（很可fb）＞should/oughtto（应该）,can（可能）,may（也许）,might（说不定）

Hemustknowmyaddress.

Hecan'tknowmyaddress.

Hemayknowmyaddress.

Hemaynotknowmyaddress.

Howcanitbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony.（表示疑惑、惊讶）

Heisnotsure.Hemightgotothecinemainstead.

Theroadsshouldbelesscrowdedtoday.

特别提示：表示推测时，may常用于肯定句中，也可以用于否定句中（maynot表示“可能不”），

must用于肯定句中，一般不用于否定句和疑问句中，can和could常用于否定句和疑问句中，

表示疑惑、惊讶或者不相信等意思。

三、表示错泰、允许、色襦

1、may,might,can,could,will,would用于问句中，表示请求、许可或者提出建议;

could/might/would表示请求时，语气更加委婉，肯定回答时，需要用can/may/willo

-Could/MightIuseyourbiketomorrowmorning?

-Yes,youcan/may(No,youcan,t/mustn,t).

2、shall在疑问句中与第一人称连用时，表示征求对方意见；在陈述句中与第二、三人称连用

时，表示说话者的命令、指示、威胁、允诺、警告等。

Youshallleavetheroomatonce.

Anyonethatdisobeystheruleshallbefined.

Tom'sfatherpromisesthatheshallbuyhissonanewbikeonhisbirthday.

四、表示於要、偏要

must表示主观上必须做某事，mustn't表示"禁止、一定不可以”，还可以表示“偏偏、偏要”，

haveto表示受客观条件的限制，不得不做某事。should表示应该做某事，有义务做某事，此外，

should还可以表示“竟然、居然”。

Childrenmustn'tplaywithfire.

Shemustdoanythingagainstherparents5will.

Youshouldgoandvisithimthisafternoon.

Itisunbelievablethatthepoormanshouldhelpothers.

Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?

—MustIworkouttheproblemtonight?

-No,youneedn,t/don,thaveto.

五、其它类情态劭镯

1、need和dare

need和dare既可以用作情态动词也可以用作行为动词，用作情态动词时，常用于疑问句和否

定句中；作行为动词时，有人称和数的变化，可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句中，构成否定句

和疑问句时，要借助助动词。另外，dare的过去式dared也可以用作情态动词。

Heneedn'tdoit.

Hedoesn'tneedtodoit.

Hedidn'tdaretolookatherintheface.

Hedarednotlookatherintheface.

2、mayaswell和maywell

mayaswell意为“最好、倒不如”,maywell表示“很可能”。

Youmayaswelldoitatonce.

Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognizeher.

难点突破

“情态劭词/wouldrather/wouldlike(love)+havedone”用法

令musthavedone"过去一定做过某事“，对过去发生动作的肯定推测，否定式为：can't/couldn't

havedone"过去肯定没有做过某事”。

Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadisquitewetandmuddy.

令can/couldhavedone”过去本能够做某事，实际上并没有做”。

Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn'ttryyourbest.

令may/mighthavedone”过去也许已经做过某事”，否定形式may/mightnothavedone表示“过

去可能没做过某事"；mighthavedone还表示“过去本可能做某事，实际没有做工

It'stoolate.Ithinkhemayhavegonetobed.

Hemay/mightnothavefinishedthework.

ButIthinkyoumighthavetoldushalfanhourago.

令should/oughttohavedone表示“本应该做某事，实际上没有做

Yououghttohavedonethisexercisemorecarefully.

令shouldnot/oughtnottohavedone表示"本不应该做某事，实际做了某事”。

Youshouldn'thavetoldherthetruth.

令needn'thavedone”本不需要做某事，实际上做了某事二

Youneedn'ttakeataxihere,foritwasveryneartomyhome.

令wouldratherhavedone“宁愿做过某事，实际上当时并没有做"；否定形式wouldrathernot

havedone“宁愿过去没做过某事，实际上已经做了某事二

Iraisedobjectionsatthemeeting,butnowIwouldrathernothavedonethat.

令wouldlike/lovetohavedone”本过去本想要做某事，实际上并没有做”。

Iwouldlovetohavegonetothepartylastnight,butIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.

解题秘诀

认真审题，结合所给的语境，正确把握说话者的语气，情感、态度、观点等。认真思考所给选

项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案。

易错题型

()21.一MayIsitbesideyou,sir?

-No,you.Mygirlfriendiscomingsoon.

A.cantB.mustntC.needn'tD.shouldnt

()22.---_IspeaktoMary,please?

-Sorry,she_cometothephonebecausesheisn'tin.

A.Might;wontB.Can't;mustn't

C.May;can什D.Couldnt;shouldnt

()23.一IwanttoknowifIsmokehere.

—No,you.Couldyouseethesign"NOSMOKING'1there?

A.can;needn'tB.must;cantC.shall;wontD.may;mustn't

()24.Mywifeneverremembersmytelephonenumber.Shealwayslookitup.

A.mayB.shouldC.wouldD.hasto

()25.一youpassmetheEnglishmagazine,please?

—Sure.Hereyouare.

A.CouldB.NeedC.MustD.Might

()26.---MustIgotoworkwithyou?

---No,you.Lindagowithme.

A.mustn't;canB.can't;hasto

C.daren't;shouldD.neednt;may

()27.一ItellMarythetestresults?

-Nozyou.She'salreadygotthescore.

A.Will;won'tB.shall;needntC.May;mustn't〉Can;dont

()28.Youbecarefulwhencrossinghere.Thetrafficlightsaren'tworking.

A.mightB.oughttoC.couldD.may

()29.―CouldIborrowyourbicycle?

-Yes,ofcourseyou.

A.willB.shouldC.canD.need

()30.Joancomewithusthisafternoon,butsheisn'tverysureyet.

A.canB.mayC.mustD.will

()31.1askyouthequestionbecauseIthinkIbewrong.

A.darent;mustB.mustn't;can

C.needn't;mayD.cant;should

()32."Theinterest___bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides."

declaredthejudge.

A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall

()33.-IsawAnnieinthesupermarketyesterday.

—Youher;sheisstillstudyingabroad.

A.mustn'tseeB.can'thaveseen

C.mustn'thaveseenD.couldntsee

()34.—Whatdoyouthinkofthisanswer?

---1don'tthinkitberight.

A.shouldB.mightC.mustD.can

()35.Whenweworkedinthesameoffice,weoftenhavecoffeetogether.

A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.oughtto

()36.Hedoesn'thavetoworktomorrow,butyouhavegottozyou?

A.don'tB.haventC.haven'tgotb.can't

()37.YouwakemeupwhenIfallasleep,you?

A.haven'tbetter;haveB.wouldnotrather;would

C.hadbetternot;shouldD.hadnotbetter;must

()38.---Why!Icouldntgetyouonthephonethismorning.

-Wetennisintheyardwhenyouphoneme.

A.couldbeplayingB.mustbeplaying

C.musthavebeenplayingD.shouldhaveplayed

()39.---MayIsmokehere?

-Ifyou___,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.

A.mustB.mayC.canb.should

()40.---1cameherebytaxiandthedriverchargedme50yuan.

—Really?Youhavecomebybus.

A.couldB.mustC.mayb.should

()41.—DoyoustillrememberwhenwewenttotheGreatWall?

-Ican*trememberitwell,but___ithavebeensometimelastMay?

A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would

()42.-IwonderwhyMr.Lindidntcometowork.

——Hehavebeenill.

A.needn'tB.shouldC.mightD.can

()43.一Noonepassedthemathematicsexaminationtoday.

-Iguesswetheexerciselastnight.

A.couldreviewB.shouldreview

C.mightreviewD.shouldhavereviewed

()44.Shethehospitalsosoon,forshehasn'tyetrecovered.

A.wouldnthaveleftB.shouldnthaveleft

C