精读高考真题(二十八)语法填空导学案-2024届高考英语二轮复习

精读高考真题（二十八）高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。一、真题再现I'vealwayslovedtheocean.Inthe＿56＿(seven)grade,IstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia.Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,＿57＿(think)itisfood.Idecidedtodosomething＿58＿(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.Iheldpresentationsatschoolstoteachkidsaboutplasticwaste.Iwantedtoreachbusinessestoo.IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany__59＿usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.Oneday,Isawacommercialforahealth-carecompany.Peopleintheadwereusingplasticstraws（吸管）.Ifoundthecontactinformationofthecompany＿60＿emaileditspresident.Itoldhimhow＿61＿(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.Iwasso＿62__(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.Hesaidhewouldmakesurethatthecompanycutitsuseofplasticstrawsinhalf.Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto＿63＿(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.Acompany＿64___(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover＿65＿plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.（2021年全国新高考II卷语法填空）二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境为人与自然。讲述了作者为了保护海洋，减少塑料垃圾所做的努力。三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语1.aquariumn.水族馆，养鱼缸，水族箱2.learnof...听说，获悉3.urgesbtodosth敦促某人做某事，力劝某人做某事4.cutback减少，削减，缩减5.commercialn.(电视或电台的)商业广告（熟词生义）acommercialfor...一个的广告health-careadj.医疗（服务）的（合成词）beharmfulto...对有危害eco-friendlyadj.环保的cut...inhalf把减少一半keepgoing（在身处困境或遭难时）尽力维持下去，（用于鼓励）继续下去hearof...听说，得知switchover改变，转变，突变switchoverfrom...to...把换成四、关键结构和长难句1.Intheseventhgrade,IstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia..句中的volunteeringat...是动名词短语做宾语，也可以用带to的动词不定式形式：tovolunteer...。像start,begin,continue,cease这样一些表示“开始”、“继续”和“结束”的动词，既可以接带to的动词不定式，也可以接动名词，大体上说，意义没有明显的差别。E.g.Thelittlegirlstartedtocrywhenshesawadogcomingtoher.小女孩看见一条狗朝她走来，就开始哭起来。Youshouldstartsavingmoneynow.你现在应该开始存钱了。Thebandeventuallybegantoplay.乐队终于开始演奏。SoIatoncebeganmakingpreparationsforatrip.于是我便立刻开始为回家的旅程做准备。Theeconomyisterrible.Unemploymentisupandfromallindication,thingsaregoingtocontinuetogetworse.经济情况很糟，失业率在上升，而且从所有迹象看，情况会继续恶化。Hecontinuedworkingasifnothinghappened.他继续工作，好像什么也没有发生。Thematterhasceasedtobeamysterytoanyone.这件事对任何人都不再是秘密了。Sheceasedtalkingandwentonwriting.她停止了谈话，继续写作。【参考译文】在七年级的时候，我开始在加利福利亚的蒙特雷湾水族馆做自愿者工作。2.Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,thinkingitisfood.1).句中的tolearn...表示upset的原因。在“beupsettodo”结构中，带to的动词不定式表示感情反应的原因。E.g.She

was

very

upset

to

hear

thatthe

holiday

had

been

cancelled.听说假期被取消了，她很心烦。We

are

very

upset

to

hear

that

our

applications

have

been

turned

down.听说我们的申请被拒绝了，我们都十分难。在“be+情感类形容词（happy/glad/pleased/nice等）+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式是形容词后接的补足语，表示产生这一情感的是原因状语。也有专家把它看成状语。E.g.I'm

quite

happyto

waitfor

you

here.

我非常高兴在此等候您。Lilywasvery

happyto

seeherwonderfulstickers

again.

她又一次看见她的贴画莉莉非常高兴。He

wassatisfied

to

win

therace.

他对赢得赛跑感到满意。2).thatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,thinkingitisfood是动词learn后接的宾语从句。3).eatplasticgarbage是省去to的动词不定式短语做宾语补足语。在“see+宾语+省去to的动词不定式（动词原形）”结构中，动词不定式表示“整个活动或整个事件从头到尾的全过程”。被动语态中要把省去的to还原上。E.g.Iremembertohaveseenhimtakeitup.我记得曾看到他把它收起来了。Hewasseentocrosstheroad.有人看见他穿过了马路。4).thinkingitisfood是现在分词短语做状语，表示伴随情况，其逻辑主语是manyseaanimals。E.g.Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand.我摔倒在石头上，弄伤了我手上的一根神经。Tobycameover,helpingmeup.

托比过来扶我起来。Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.罗马斗兽场有157英尺高，有80个入口，可容纳5万人。5).itisfood是动词think后接的宾语从句，省去了连词that。【参考译文】我很难过地得知很多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，意为是食物。IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompanythatusedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.1).本句谓语动词decide后接的是连词that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略。2).宾语从句中包含了一个与将来事实相反的非真实条件句：ifIlearnedofacompanythatusedalotofplastic，主句和从句的谓语动词都用了虚拟语气的形式。在虚拟语气中，表示与将来事实相反时，条件从句中的谓语动词的形式是：过去式或should/could(wereto)+动词原形；主句谓语动词形式是：would/should+动词原形。E.g.Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,Iwouldn’tgo.如果明天下雨，我就不去了。Ifwemissed/shouldmiss/weretomissthetrain,weshouldhavetowaitanhouratthestation.如果我们误了火车，我们就得在车站等一个小时。3).thatusedalotofplastic是定语从句，关系代词that代替先行词acompany，在从句中做主语。4).urgingittocutback是现在分词短语做定语，相当于定语从句：whichwouldurgeittocutback。【参考译文】我决定，如果听说哪家公司使用大量塑料，我就给它发一封邮件，敦促它削减。4.Itoldhimhowharmfulplasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.1).howharmfulplasticcouldbetotheenvironment是宾语从句，做动词tell的直接宾语。这里的how表示程度上的感叹，可译作“多么……”、“真……”、“这么……”等E.g.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywehumansare.一旦你到达山顶，你看到的滚滚云海就会让你想起我们人类是多么渺小。Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertellhowcloseyoumaybetovictory.不要让任何的失败使你灰心丧气，因为你决不会知道成功离你有多近。Parentsaretaughttounderstandhowimportanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.教育父母明白教育对于孩子们的未来是多么重要。2).consider用在主动句时，后面只跟名词、动名词或从句作宾语，而不能跟动词不定式。E.g.Youdohavetoconsiderthefeelingsofthosearoundyou.你的确需要考虑周围人的感受。We'reconsideringbuyinganewcar.我们在考虑买一辆新车。Weneedtoconsiderhowthelawmightbereformed.我们得斟酌法律应如何修订。Sheconsidersthatitistooearlytoformadefiniteconclusion.她认为现在下确切的结论还为时过早只有当动词不定式之前有连接副词或连接代词时，才可以用动词不定式作宾语。E.g.Hewasconsideringwhattodonext.他在考虑下一步怎么办。Haveyouconsideredhowtogetthere？你考虑过怎么到那里吗？【参考译文】我告诉他塑料对环境的危害有多大，并请他考虑用更环保的选项。5.Hesaidhewouldmakesurethatthecompanycutitsuseofplasticstrawsinhalf.1).said后面接的是一个宾语从句，省去了连词that。2).“makesurethat...”结构，表示“确保”、“保证”。that从句是make的宾语从句，that可省略；sure是宾语补足语，但和一般的补足语不同，它总是位于宾语的前面。类似的还有“makecertainthat...”等。E.g.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot.你得确保不要一次翻两页。当你得回到适当部分的时候，要确保能看到音乐中的反复标记。Makesurethatthetourismprovidespositiveexperiencesforboththevisitorsandthehosts.确保旅游业给游客和主办方都能带来积极地经历。Beforeyouopenthebook,makesurethatyouarecomfortable.在你打开书之前，确保你感到舒服。【参考译文】他说他会确保把公司塑料吸管的使用减少一半。6.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.1).WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic是一个由连词whenever引导的时间状语从句。whenever用作连词，引导时间状语从句时，含有“每当”、“每逢”的意思。E.g.WheneverIhavetogiveaspeech,IgetextremelynervousbeforeIstart.每当我不得不做演讲时,开始之前我总是很紧张。Pleasecallmysecretarytoarrangeameetingthisafternoon,orwheneveritisconvenienttoyou.请打电话给我的秘书今天下午安排一个会议，或者是任何你方便的时候。Youcaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.无论你什么时候喜欢，你都可以在我的餐馆里免费吃饭。2).usingplastic是现在分词短语做定语，修饰businesses，相当于定语从句：which/thatusedplastic。【参考译文】每当我听说到使用塑料的企业的时候，我就会发去一封邮件。7.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwrotetowasAlaskaAirlinesParis.1).“Oneof+名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。E.g.Atpresent,oneoftheargumentsinfavorofthenewairportisthatitwillbringalotjobstothearea.当前，其中一个支持新机场的论据是它会给区域将带来很多工作岗位。They’replayingwell,butoneofthemgothurt.他们打得很棒，但是他们中有一个（队员）受伤了。2).Iwroteto是定语从句，修饰先行词companies，省去了关系代词which或that。【答案】56.seventh

57.thinking

58.toeducate

59.that/which

60.and61.harmful

62.excited

63.was

64.representative

65.from（祁兆国）【附：学案】精读高考真题（二十八）高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。一、真题再现I'vealwayslovedtheocean.Inthe＿56＿(seven)grade,IstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia.Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,＿57＿(think)itisfood.Idecidedtodosomething＿58＿(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.Iheldpresentationsatschoolstoteachkidsaboutplasticwaste.Iwantedtoreachbusinessestoo.IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany__59＿usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.Oneday,Isawacommercialforahealth-carecompany.Peopleintheadwereusingplasticstraws（吸管）.Ifoundthecontactinformationofthecompany＿60＿emaileditspresident.Itoldhimhow＿61＿(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.Iwasso＿62__(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.Hesaidhewouldmakesurethatthecompanycutitsuseofplasticstrawsinhalf.Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto＿63＿(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.Acompany＿64___(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover＿65＿plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.（2021年全国新高考II卷语法填空）二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是________，主题语境为_____________。讲述了_________________________________________________。三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语1.aquariumn.2.learnof...3.urgesbtodosth4.cutback5.commercialn.acommercialfor...health-careadj.beharmfulto...eco-friendlyadj.cut...inhalfkeepgoinghearof...switchoverswitchoverfrom...to...四、关键结构和长难句1.Intheseventhgrade,IstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia..句中的volunteeringat...是____________做______语，也可以__________________形式：_____________________。像start,begin,continue,cease这样一些表示“开始”、“继续”和“结束”的动词，既可以接带to的动词不定式，也可以接动名词，大体上说，意义没有明显的差别。E.g.Thelittlegirlstarted____________whenshesawadogcomingtoher.小女孩看见一条狗朝她走来，就开始哭起来。Youshouldstart____________moneynow.你现在应该开始存钱了。Thebandeventuallybegan_______________.乐队终于开始演奏。SoIatoncebegan_______________preparationsforatrip.于是我便立刻开始为回家的旅程做准备。Theeconomyisterrible.Unemploymentisupandfromallindication,thingsaregoingtocontinue____________worse.经济情况很糟，失业率在上升，而且从所有迹象看，情况会继续恶化。Hecontinued______________asifnothinghappened.他继续工作，好像什么也没有发生。Thematterhasceased_____________amysterytoanyone.这件事对任何人都不再是秘密了。Sheceased_______________andwentonwriting.她停止了谈话，继续写作。【译文】______________________________________________________________。2.Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,thinkingitisfood.1).句中的tolearn...表示upset的____________。在“beupsettodo”结构中，带to的动词不定式表示感情反应的原因。E.g.She

was

very

upset

___________

thatthe

holiday

had

been

cancelled.听说假期被取消了，她很心烦。We

are

very

upset

___________

that

our

applications

have

been

turned

down.听说我们的申请被拒绝了，我们都十分难。在“be+情感类形容词（happy/glad/pleased/nice等）+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式是形容词后接的补足语，表示产生这一情感的是原因状语。也有专家把它看成状语。E.g.I'm

quite

happy__________________

here.

我非常高兴在此等候您。Lilywasvery

happy________herwonderfulstickers

again.

她又一次看见我的贴画莉莉非常高兴。He

wassatisfied

____________

therace.

他对赢得赛跑感到满意。2).thatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,thinkingitisfood是动词learn后接的__________从句。3).eatplasticgarbage是省去to的动_________做_______________。在“see+宾语+省去to的动词不定式（动词原形）”结构中，动词不定式表示“___________________________”。被动语态中要把省去的to_________。E.g.Iremembertohaveseenhim_______________.我记得曾看到他把它收起来了。Hewasseen____________theroad.有人看见他穿过了马路。4).thinkingitisfood是________________做_______语，表示_________，其逻辑主语是__________________。E.g.Ifellontothestones,____________anerveinmyhand.我摔倒在石头上，弄伤了我手上的一根神经。Tobycameover,_________________meup.

托比过来扶我起来。Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,____________50,000people.罗马斗兽场有157英尺高，有80个入口，可容纳5万人。5).itisfood是动词think后接的___________，省去了连词_____________。【译文】_________________________________________________。IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompanythatusedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.1).本句谓语动词decide后接的是连词that引导的_________从句，that可以_______。2).宾语从句中包含了一个与______事实相反的非真实条件句：ifIlearnedofacompanythatusedalotofplastic，主句和从句的谓语动词都用了_______语气的形式。在虚拟语气中，表示与将来事实相反时，条件从句中的谓语动词的形式是：______或_______/______(_______)+_________；主句谓语动词形式是：_______/_______+________。E.g.Ifit________/_________/_________tomorrow,I___________.如果明天下雨，我就不去了。Ifwe________/_____________/____________thetrain,we_____________towaitanhouratthestation.如果我们误了火车，我们就得在车站等一个小时。3).thatusedalotofplastic是_______从句，______________代替_______________，在从句中做______语。4).urgingittocutback是__________做___语，相当于________从句：_________________ittocutback。【译文】_____________________________________________________。4.Itoldhimhowharmfulplasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.1).howharmfulplasticcouldbetotheenvironment是_________从句，做动词tell的__________。这里的how表示_______________，可译作“________”、“_____________”、“______________”等E.g.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyou__________wehumansare.一旦你到达山顶，你看到的滚滚云海就会让你想起我们人类是多么渺小。Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertell_______________youmaybetovictory.不要让任何的失败使你灰心丧气，因为你决不会知道成功离你有多近。Parentsaretaughttounderstand____________educationistotheirchildren’sfuture.教育父母明白教育对于孩子们的未来是多么重要。2).consider用在主动句时，后面只跟____词、_____词或_______作____语，而不能跟_________。E.g.Youdohavetoconsiderthefeelingsofthosearoundyou.你的确需要考虑周围人的感受。We'reconsidering______________anewcar.我们在考虑买一辆新车。Weneedtoconsider________________________.我们得斟酌法律应如何修订。Sheconsiders_________________________________.她认为现在下确切的结论还为时过早只有当动词不定式之前有连接副词或连接代词时，才可以用动词不定式作宾语。E.g.Hewasconsidering__________________.他在考虑下一步怎么办。Haveyouconsidered___________________？你考虑过怎么到那里吗？【译文】_____________________________________________________。5.Hesaidhewouldmakesurethatthecompanycutitsuseofplasticstrawsinhalf.1).said后面接的是一个_______从句，省去了连词______。2).“makesurethat...”结构，表示“_______”、“_______”。that从句是make的_________从句，that可省略；sure是_________语，但和一般的补足语不同，它总是位