备考2025届高考英语一轮复习课时提能第一部分过透教材Unit1Knowingmeknowingyou外研版必修第三册

Unit1Knowingme，knowingyou一、阅读理解A[2024湖南名校大联考]For85years，theHarvardStudyofAdultDevelopmenthastrackedanoriginalgroupof724menandmorethan1，300oftheirmaleandfemaledescendants（后代）overthreegenerations，askingthousandsofquestionsandtakinghundredsofmeasurementstofindoutwhatreallykeepspeoplehealthyandhappy.Throughalltheyearsofstudyingtheselives，onecrucialfactorstandsoutfortheconsistencyandpowerofitsbondtophysicalhealth，mentalhealthandlongevity：goodrelationships.In2008，researcherstelephonedthewivesandhusbandsofHarvardStudycouplesintheir80severynightforeightnights.Researchersspoketoeachpartnerseparatelyandaskedthemaseriesofquestionsabouttheirdays.Ondayswhenthesemenandwomenspentmoretimeinthecompanyofothers，theywerehappier.Likemostolderpeople，thoseintheHarvardStudyexperiencedday-to-dayrisesandfallsintheirlevelsofphysicalpainandhealthdifficulties.Butresearchersfoundthatthepeoplewhowereinmoresatisfyingrelationshipswerecushioned（缓和对……的冲击）somewhatfromtheseupsanddownsofmood—theirhappinessdidnotdeclineasmuchonthedayswhentheyhadmorepain.Simplyput，theirhappymarriagesseemedtohaveaprotectiveeffect.ElizabethGillespie，atherapistofcouples，statedthatalthoughmostofusfoundthatourexperienceofrelationshipsmightbehard，andattimes，impossible，itisessentialtoourwell-being.Todayweliveinmuchmorecomplicatedenvironments，someetingoursocialneedspresentsdifferentchallenges.Wemightbesittingonagoldmineofvitalitythatwearenotpayingattentionto，becauseitishiddenbytheshinyappealofsmartphonesorpushedtothesidebyworkdemands.本文是一篇说明文。文章通过对哈佛高校成人发展探讨的项目的阐述说明白良好的社交关系对华蜜至关重要。1.What’sthepurposeoftheHarvardStudyofAdultDevelopment？A.Tostudytheirlivesoverthreegenerations.B.Torevealthesecrettohealthandwell-being.C.Totrackthedescendantsofanoriginalgroup.D.Tostudytherelationshipbetweenhealthandhappiness.解析B推理推断题。由第一段内容可知，哈佛高校成人发展探讨的目的是揭示健康和华蜜的隐私，故选B。2.Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthestudy？A.Byworkingwithotherresearchers.B.Bytrackingspecificgroupsofpeople.C.Byhelpingparticipantswithsocialdifficulties.D.Bycomparingtheresultsfromdifferentpeople.解析B微小环节理解题。由第三段"In2008，researcherstelephonedthewivesandhusbandsofHarvardStudycouplesintheir80severynightforeightnights.Researchersspoketoeachpartnerseparatelyandaskedthemaseriesofquestionsabouttheirdays"可知，探讨者通过追踪特定群体来实施探讨，故选B。3.WhydidtheauthormentiontheexamplesinParagraph4？A.Toprovideevidenceforthebondbetweenhealthandlongevity.B.Tointroducetheconceptofphysicalpainandhealthdifficulties.C.Toshowthenegativeimpactofunhappymarriagesonolderpeople’smood.D.Tosupportthepositiveimpactofsatisfyingrelationshipsonpeople’slives.解析D推理推断题。由第四段中的"Butresearchersfoundthatthepeoplewhowereinmoresatisfyingrelationshipswerecushioned（缓和对……的冲击）somewhatfromtheseupsanddownsofmood—theirhappinessdidnotdeclineasmuchonthedayswhentheyhadmorepain.Simplyput，theirhappymarriagesseemedtohaveaprotectiveeffect"可知，通过详细的例子，读者可以更加直观地理解探讨结果，更简洁接受结论，即令人满足的关系对人们的生活有主动影响，故选D。4.AccordingtoElizabethGillespie，whatisessentialtoourwell-being？A.Havinggoodsocialconnections.B.Decliningpainsanddifficulties.C.Overcomingupsanddownsofmood.D.Experiencingrisesandfallsofphysicalhealth.解析A推理推断题。由第五段中的"...althoughmostofusfoundthatourexperienceofrelationshipsmightbehard，andattimes，impossible，itisessentialtoourwell-being"可知，ElizabethGillespie认为拥有好的社交关系对华蜜至关重要，故选A。B[2024江苏四市一模]Haveyoueverbeeninmid-conversationwithsomeone，whenyoulookoverandfindthemstandinginthesamepositionasyouorholdingthesamefacialexpression？Itmayseemliketheyhaveconsciously（有意识地）copiedyou，butitismuchmorelikelythatitisthechameleon（变色龙）effectatplay.Thechameleoneffectistheunconsciousimitation（仿照）ofanotherperson’sgesturesorbehavior.Justasachameleonattemptstomatchanyenvironment’scolours，peopleacquirethebehaviorofotherstobringthemclosertogetherandhelpmaketheirinteractionssmooth.ThechameleoneffectwasconfirmedinanexperimentbypsychologistsJohnBarghandTanyaChartrandin1999.Thefirstpartoftheirexperimentincluded78people，whoeachspokewithanexperimenter.Duringthetest，BarghandChartrandstudiedwhetherparticipantswouldcopytheactionsofsomeonetheyhadn’tmetbefore，likemovingthefootandtouchingtheface.Thesecondpartmeasuredtheimpactthatcopyingsomeonehasonthepersonbeingimitated.Inthefirststage，participantsincreasedtheirfacetouchingby20％andtheirfootmovementby50％whileinconversationaboutaphotographwiththeexperimenter.Theindividualsweren’tawareofwhattheywerebeingstudiedfor，andthephotographwasusedtocatchtheirattentiontoensureunconsciousacts.Thesecondstageinvolvedhalfoftheparticipantsbeingcopied，andthenratingthelikeabilityoftheexperimenter.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhowereimitatedscoredtheexperimenterhigher.Ithasshownthatwhensomeonecopiesourbehaviour，wedevelopmorepositivefeelingsaboutthem.Theseinteractionscouldbeapersonunconsciouslywillingtobeliked，andformingamomentofconnection.Themainreasonsbehindhumans’imitationarepositive.However，whenpeoplecarrythischameleoneffecttotheextreme，theycanlosetheirsenseofself.Thosewhochangetheirentirepersonalitiesindifferentgroupsoftengoundetected.Butmorecommonsignsofthechameleoneffectareeasiertonotice.Nexttimeyouareinasocialgathering，takealookaroundandyoumightjustseesomechameleonsforyourself.本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项关于变色龙效应的探讨。该探讨表明人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离。1.Whydopeopleacquireothers’behavior？A.Tomatchtheenvironment’scolour.B.Toattractothers’attention.C.Toestablishaconnectionwithothers.D.Toadapttothesurroundings.解析C微小环节理解题。由其次段"Thechameleoneffectistheunconsciousimitation（仿照）ofanotherperson’sgesturesorbehavior.Justasachameleonattemptstomatchanyenvironment’scolours，peopleacquirethebehaviorofotherstobringthemclosertogetherandhelpmaketheirinteractionssmooth"可知，人们为了与他人建立联系，会习得他人的行为，故选C。2.Howdidtheexperimenterguaranteeparticipants’unconsciousbehaviors？A.Bydirectingtheirattentiontoaphoto.B.Bykeepinganeyeontheiractions.C.Bytellingthemthepurposeofthestudy.D.Byevaluatingtheimpactsofimitation.解析A微小环节理解题。由第四段中的"Inthefirststage，participantsincreasedtheirfacetouchingby20％andtheirfootmovementby50％whileinconversationaboutaphotographwiththeexperimenter.Theindividualsweren’tawareofwhattheywerebeingstudiedfor，andthephotographwasusedtocatchtheirattentiontoensureunconsciousacts"可知，试验者用一张照片吸引参加者的留意力来保证他们的无意识行为，故选A。3.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexperiment？A.Peopletendtolikethosewhoimitatetheirbehavior.B.Toomuchofthechameleoneffectcanbebeneficial.C.Peopleimitatingothersarenoteasytobedetected.D.Thecopiedmovementshelppeopletofeelrelaxed.解析A微小环节理解题。由第四段中的"Ithasshownthatwhensomeonecopiesourbehaviour，wedevelopmorepositivefeelingsaboutthem.Theseinteractionscouldbeapersonunconsciouslywillingtobeliked，andformingamomentofconnection"可知，试验表明人们倾向于宠爱仿照自己行为的人，故选A。4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthechameleoneffectaccordingtothepassage？A.Studentsadoptteachers’accentsforfunafterclass.B.Peoplechangetheirhabitstopleaseothersonpurpose.C.Acomediancopiesacelebrityvividlyonstage.D.Ahusbandandhiswifesharesimilarbehavioursovertime.解析D推理推断题。由其次段"Thechameleoneffectistheunconsciousimitation（仿照）ofanotherperson’sgesturesorbehaviour.Justasachameleonattemptstomatchanyenvironment’scolours，peopleacquirethebehaviourofotherstobringthemclosertogetherandhelpmaketheirinteractionssmooth"可知，随着时间的推移，丈夫和妻子有相像的行为是变色龙行为，因为他们在一起相处时会无意识地相互仿照，故选D。二、七选五[2024湖北武汉部分学校调研]Haveyoueverstruggledtounderstandhowsomeoneelsefeels？Buildingupyourempathy（同理心）skillshelpsyouconnectwithyourfriends.1Whatisempathy？Empathyisakindofcapabilitythatletsyoubeinsomeoneelse’sshoesandthenfigureouthowtheyarefeeling.Forinstance，ifyoucanseeyourfriendisupsetafterlosingafootballmatchandyousupportthembytellingthemsomewarmandmotivatingwords，youareshowingempathy.MirandaMcKearneysetupanorganizationcalledEmpathyLabthatbuildsempathythroughreading.2"Empathyisaforceforchange，"shesays.3Scientistssayempathyisn’tsomethingyouarebornwith，butaskillyoucanacquirethroughlearning.Onewayyoucandothisisbyactivelistening.Whensomeoneistalkingtoyou，listencloselyandrespondinawaythatshowsyouunderstandtheirsituationsandemotionsthoroughly.Reading，advocatedbyEmpathyLab，isalsoagreatwaytoboostempathy，sincestoriescantakeyouinsidesomeoneelse’smindandshowyoutheworldthroughtheireyesandemotions.Putempathyintoaction.4Thiscouldmeantryingoutsomethingthatisimportanttoafriendorfamilymember，likeexploringtheirfavouriteplace.EmpathyLabadvocatedideasforputtingempathyintoactioninschoolsorathome.Thatmightbeconnectingwithsomeonenewinyourclassandhavingafriendlyconversation，ormakingsmallchangestoyourbehavior.Allsmallactsofkindnesstootherscanmakeadifference，whichinturnwillbecopiedbysomeoneelse.5A.Howcanyouhavemoreempathy？B.Whoneedsempathymostindailylife？C.Besides，italsospreadskindnessandinspiresthemtodothesame.D.Tofindoutmoreconductyoucando，loginEmpathyLab.UK.com.E.Onlybyputtingempathyintoactioncanyourelatetoothers’badlives.F.Shebelievesevensmall，supportiveactionscanhaveapositiveimpact.G.Mirandarecommendsgoingintothethickofpeople’slivestoshowempathy.本文主要介绍了什么是同理心、如何培育同理心以及如何将同理心付诸实践。【词语积累】beinsb.’sshoes设身处地thoroughlyadv.完全，彻底advocatev.拥护，支持，提倡boostv.使增长，推动1.C空前一句指出了培育同理心的一个好处：可以帮助你与挚友建立良好关系。C项（此外，它还能传播和善，并激励他们也这样做）指出了培育同理心的另一个好处，与上句连接自然。C项中的it指代上文中的"Buildingupyourempathy（同理心）skills"，而them指代上文中的"yourfriends"。2.F空前句子中的reading属于F项中的"small，supportiveactions"，且空前句子、F项、空后的句子均与MirandaMcKearney亲密相关，故F项符合语境。3.A"askillyoucanacquirethroughlearning"表明同理心是可以通过后天习得的，下文又提到了倾听和阅读两种增加同理心的方法，由此可见，与空格紧密相关的段落主要回答了"如何拥有更多的同理心"这一问题，故A项适合做主旨句。4.G主旨句说的是"将同理心付诸实践"。而G项所说的"走进人们最繁忙的生活中去呈现同理心"便是将同理心付诸实践的一个方法。5.DD项与"EmpathyLabadvocatedideasforputtingempathyintoactioninschoolsorathome"相吻合。三、完形填空[2024南京六校调研]Howlonghaveyoubeengoingtothesamehairdresser？It’saquestionthatgetsusthinkingabouttheuniquefriendshipswe1withourstylistsovertheyears.Youhaveconfidenceineachother.Youhavealaughtogetherandregularly2eachother’snews.Andtheytrytomakeyoulookandfeelyourbest.That’sa（n）3notonlyforagoodfriendship，butalsofortheperfectrelationshipwithyourhairdresser.Whenyoufindagoodhairdresser，it’ssomethingto4.Manypeoplehave5experienceswiththeirhairdressers.I’vehadmyhaircutbyClaireMillerformorethan15years.She’stakenmethroughallkindsof6，andshe’shelpedmefindatotallynewlooknowduringthepost-chemotherapy（化疗后）periodwithdyedblondehair！7hairstyles，therehavebeencommunicationsaboutthejoysandtrialsofmotherhood，thechallengesofhealthproblemsandthe8inourcareersandlives—thestuffof15yearsthatwehave9inthethreesalonsClairehasworkedin.Whileshecutmyhairrecently，wechattedaboutthatspecial10thatformbetweenhairdressersandtheirclients."Youhearsomanystoriesfromthem，andsometimesyoufeellikeacounselor11ahairdresser.Youassesstheirneeds，andyouknowhowtoreacttothem，"saysClaire.ForClaire，thecustomerinteractionissomethingshelovesaboutthejobandthatshehas12developedthroughoutherworkinglife."It’saboutbeinghumanand13aboutpeople.Alotofmyclientsaremyfriendsandlikefamilynow.It’smy14tocuttheirhair，makingthemlookandfeelgood，butIalsowantthemtofeel15bytheexperience，"laughsClaire.本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了理发师与客人之间的联系。Clarie酷爱理发工作，她认为与客人的联系基于日常工作的点滴，并且理发师要关切客人才能建立起联系。1.A.break B.promoteC.form D.collect解析Cbreak打破；promote促进，晋升；form形成，建立；collect收集。句意：这是个让我们想起多年来我们与造型师之间建立的独特友情的问题。C项符合语境。2.A.catchupon B.makeupforC.putupwith D.endupwith解析Acatchupon了解，跟进；makeupfor弥补；putupwith忍受；endupwith以……告终。句意：你们一起大笑，常常了解彼此的消息。A项符合语境。3.A.request B.escapeC.occasion D.recipe解析Drequest要求，escape逃脱，occasion场合，recipe秘诀。句意：那不仅是一段良好友情的秘诀，也是你和你的理发师保持完备关系的秘诀。D项切题。4.A.resolve B.rememberC.cherish D.evaluate解析Cresolve解决，remember记住，cherish珍惜，evaluate评