2023年中考英语语法复习之名词专项

专题一：名词

一：名词的数与格

1.名词的分类

2.可数名词的数…可数名词变复数规则

复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-S”构成，其主要变法如下：

(1)一般情况在词尾加-s,

例如：book—books,girl—girls,boy-boys,pen—pens,doctor—doctors。

(2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,

例如：bus—buses,class—classes,box—boxes,watch—watches,brush—>brusheso

(3)以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词加s,

例如：orange—oranges

(4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y为”“i”再加・es,

例如：city—>cities,factory—>factories,country^countries,family—>families。但要注意

的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,

如：boy—>boys,day—days。

(5)以o结尾的词加或-es。

例如:hero—heroes,potato—potatoes,tomato—>tomatoes,

(6)以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es,

例如：knife—*knives,leaf—leaves,half—halves。

(7)少数名词有不规则的复数形式,

例如：man-menwoman—>women,tooth—>teeth,foot—feet,child—children,

mouse—>miceo

3.不可数名词的量

不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种

方法：

(1)用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等表示多少,

例如：

Therichmanhasalotofmoney.

Thereissomemilkinthebottle.

Isthereanywaterintheglass?

Idon*tlikewinterbecausethere*stoomuchsnowandice.

(2)用apieceof这类定语,例如：

apieceofpaperapieceofwood

apieceofbreadabottleoforange

aglassofwate(milk)acupoftea

abagofrice,threebagsofrice

如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如:

twocupsoftea,fourpiecesofpaper,threeglassesofwater

4.名词所有格

表示物品的所属关系

____1•ttB=不再eoo

Thetg

名词所有格・twentyTk

______111MM1111Mli111MMwwWf'j0tr«cy,

09M.M.BBS'S•beet'fSigHi,

■■pn^ds*c»9ht.

dnAorf'•erth.

EfwipofOURO

Practice

一、写出下列名词的复数形式

1).规则变化

bookcitydaybus

box___________wish____________peach_________tomato____________

potatoherophotopiano

leaflifeshelfknife

2).不规则变化

manwomanchildfoot

toothsheepdeermouse

3).国家人的复数

ChineseJapaneseEnglishman

FrenchmanAmericanGerman

4).有些名词通常只以复数的形式出现如：裤子

鞋眼镜,

袜子剪子等

5).有些名词没有s但是却表达复数的含义如:

人,警察

二.单项选择

l.Therichnotalwayshappy.

A.areB.isC.haveD.has

2.Therearefour_______andtwo________inthegroup.

,Germen,Germen

,German,Germans

4.ShewasborninWuhan,butBeijinghasbecomehersecond_________.

A.homeB.familyC.houseD.country

5.Motherbroughtme_

A.agoodnewsB.apieceofnewsC.manygoodnewsD.twonews

6.March8this________Day.

A.Woman'sB.Women'sC.Womans'D.Women

7.Wecandotheworkbetterwithmoneyandpeople.

A.less,fewerB.fewer,lessC.little,littleD.few,few

9.1t*saboutten_________walk.

A.minute*sB.minutes*C.minuteD.minutes

lO.Thisroomis

A.BillandDavid'sB.Bill'sandDavid's

C.BillsandDavid'sD.BillandDavid

11.BeijingisoneofthemostbeautifulinChina.

A.cityB.citiesC.citysD.thecities

三.真题训练

1.（2019广西河池，30）—CanIhelpyou,Madam?

---Yes.,please.

A.TwopairofsocksB.TwopairsofsocksC.TwopairsofsockD.Twopairofsock

2.（2018广东，32）Thethreeupstairsaretoosmalltohaveenoughforadouble

bed.

A.room;roomB.room;roomsC.rooms1;roomD.rooms;rooms

3.（2017甘肃兰州，28）Therearealotofonthegrassland.sheep-dogissitting

nexttothem.

A.sheep;TheB.sheep;AC,sheeps;TheD.sheeps;A

4.（2017云南昆明，26）ManyareplayinganactivepartinmakingKunmingacivilized

city（文明城市）.

A.manB.womanC.volunteerD.volunteers

5.（2016重庆，27）It'ssportstime.MoststudentsinClass1areplayingfootballinthe

playground.

A.boyB.boysC.boys*D.boy's

6.（2020湖北黄石调研，2）—Excuseme,isthisnewpen?

-Yes,it's.Heboughtitjustnow

A.Tom*s:hisB.Tom:hisC.Tom*shimD.Tom:him

7.（2019吉林白山一模，27）--Whosesweateristhis?

—Ifs

A.mysisterJenny'sB.mysistersJenny*sC.mysisterJenny

二.名词构词法

形容词一名词：

1.-ness:ill-illnesssad-sadness

2.-y:difficult-difficulty

3.-ity:able--abilitypossible-一possibility

4.-ce:important-importancedifferent---difference

动词T名词：

1-.er:teach---teacherwin-winner

2-.or:act---actorvisit---visitor

3.-ion:invite---invitationdecide-decision

4.-ment:developdevelopmentmove・・・movement

5.-ance:perform-performance

6.-ing:endiendingmean・・・meaning

名词一名词：

L-ist:piano---pianistart——artist

其他:

serve■一servicehot