2021版53同步新教材-英语-外研版-选择性必修第二册全书综合测评

全书综合测评

（满分：120分;时间:100分钟）

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题海小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳

选项。

A

Philadelphiaoffersatonofattractionsthataresuitableforpeopleof

everyageandherearesomefamily-friendlyattractions.

SpruceStreetHarborPark

SpruceStreetHarborPark,oneofthebesturbanbeachesinAmerica,

isanoutdoorheavenontheDelawareRiverwaterfront.Visitorscanrelax

inahammock,playontheplaygrounds,andplaygamesliketabletennis

andchess.Don'tmissoutontheparkatnight,whencolorfulLEDlights

hangingfromtreetopsmaketheentireareabright.

BlueCrossRiverRink

Offeringiceskatinginthewinterandrollerskatinginthesummer,

BlueCrossRiverRinkcreatesafun,outdoorexperienceforthewhole

family.Visitorscanplayonthenine-holeminigolfcourseduringthe

summer,andenjoyeatsanddrinksattheon-site（现场的）barand

restaurantallyearround.

SesamePlace

BigBird,ElmoandtheotherstarsofSesameStreetcomeoutand

playatSesamePlace,theonlythemeparkinthenationstarringthe

popularTVshow'smostlovablecharacters.Awaterpark,interactive

activities,parades,fireworksandshowsaddtothefun.

OnceUponaNationStorytellingBenches

Onsummerdays,uniformedandprofessionalstorytellersat13

storytellingbenchesthroughoutPhiladelphia'sHistoricDistrictentertain

visitorswithtrue,free,three-to-five-minutetalesaboutthecolonial（殖民

的）eraaspartofOnceUponaNation.ChildrencanpickupaStoryFlag

atanystorytellingbench,andthencollectastarfromeverystorytelleron

theirjourneys.FlagswithallthestarscangetfreeridesontheParx

LibertyCarouselatFranklinSquare.

l.WhowouldmostprobablygotoSpruceStreetHarborPark?

A.Peoplewhoarefondofcolorfullights.

B.Peoplewhowanttohavearelaxingday.

C.Peoplewhohaveapreferenceforskating.

D.Peoplewhoareinterestedinwateractivities.

2.WhichplacewouldfansofBigBirdbeinterestedin?

A.SesamePlace.

B.BlueCrossRiverRink.

C.TheParxLibertyCarousel.

D.SpruceStreetHarborPark.

3.WhatcanweknowaboutPhiladelphia'sStorytellingBenches?

A.Itcanbevisitedallyearround.

B.Itisavailableatasmallcharge.

C.Itiseducationalforchildren.

D.Itisaimedatservingthepublic.

B

IwassurethatIwastobekilled.Ibecameterriblynervous.I

fumbled（胡乱摸找）inmypocketstoseeiftherewasanycigarette,

whichhadescapedtheirsearch.Ifoundoneandbecauseofmyshaking

hands,Icouldbarelygetittomylips.ButIhadnomatches,theyhad

takenthose.Ilookedthroughthebarsattheguard.Hedidnotmakeeye

contactwithme.Icalledouttohim,“Haveyougotalight?,^Helookedat

me,shruggedandcameovertolightmycigarette.Ashecamecloseand

litthematch,hiseyesunconsciouslylockedwithmine.Atthatmoment,I

smiled.Ididn'tknowwhyIdidthat.Perhapsitwasnervousness;perhaps

itwasbecause,whenyougetveryclosetooneanother,itisveryhardnot

tosmile.Inanycase,Ismiled.Inthatinstant,itwasasthoughaspark

jumpedacrossthegapbetweenourtwohearts,ourtwohumansouls.I

knewhedidn'twantto,butmysmileleapedthroughthebarsandcaused

asmileonhislips,too.Helitmycigarettebutstayednear,lookingatme

directlyintheeyeandcontinuingtosmile.

Ikeptsmilingathim,thinkingofhimasapersonandnotjusta

guard."Doyouhavekids?”heasked."Yes,here,here,^^Itookoutmy

walletandnervouslyfumbledforthepicturesofmyfamily.He,too,took

outthepicturesofhisfamilyandbegantotalkabouthisplansandhopes

forthem.Myeyesfilledwithtears.IsaidIfearedthatI'dneverseemy

familyagain,andneverhavethechancetoseethemgrowup.Tearscame

tohiseyes,too.Suddenly,withoutanotherword,heunlockedmycelland

silentlyledmeout.Outoftheprison,quietlyandbybackroutes.Atthe

edgeofthattown,hereleasedme.Andwithoutanotherword,heturned

backtowardtheprison.

4.Whathadhappenedtothemanbefore?

A.Hehadbeenbadlytreated.

B.Hehadkilledsomeone.

C.Hehadbeensearched.

D.Hehadbeenforbiddentogetintouchwithanyone.

5.Whydidthemanwanttosmokecigarettes?

A.Becausehewassurehewastobekilled.

B.Becausehewantedtoeasehisnervousness.

C.Becausehewantedtotalktotheguard.

D.Becausehewasusedtosmokingcigarettes.

6.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Themanwasaheavysmoker.

B.Themansmiledtopleasetheguard.

C.Theguardsetthemanfreewithpermission.

D.Themanhadn'tthoughttheguardwouldsethimfree.

7.Whatdoyouthinkactuallysavedtheman'slife?

A.Thesmile.B.Thecigarette.

C.Thetears.D.Thewallet.

C

Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin

1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoung

mapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthat

neighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredparts

oftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughthe

airisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,

VOCsforshort.

ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhen

beingattacked.It'saplant'swayofcryingout.Butisanyone

listening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.

Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.But

othersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattract

differentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiesoftheattackers.Oncethey

arrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerswhowerelunchingnow

becomelunch.

Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversations

helptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,

buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthe

alarmandknewwhattodo.

Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon'tknow.

Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessageto

itsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapsthe

neighborsjusthappenedto“overhear“thecry.Soinformationwas

exchanged,butitwasn'talwaystrue,andwasintentionalbackandforth.

CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,

noisierandmoreintimate（亲密的）thantheworldwecanseeandhear.

Oursensesareweak.There'sawholelotgoingon.

8.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?

A.Itmakesnoises.

B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.

C.Itstandsquietly.

D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.

9.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesaretumed^inParagraph3?

A.Theattackersgetattacked.

B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.

C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.

D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.

lO.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan.

A.predictnaturaldisasters

B.protectthemselvesagainstinsects

C.talktooneanotherintentionally

D.helptheirneighborswhennecessary

11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theworldischangingfasterthanever.

B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.

C.Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.

D.PeopleinDarwin'stimeweremoreimaginative.

D

Plasticispilingupinecosystemsallovertheworld,notjustoceans

andlakes.Itsharmfuleffectsonwildlifehavebeenwidelydocumented,

butafewanimals—likebowerbirdsandhermitcrabs—aredoingwhat

theycantorecycleit.Andaccordingtoa2014study,wildbeesinCanada

havejoinedtheeffort,usingbitsofplasticwastetobuildtheirnests.

Thesetinyinsectscan'trecyclenearlyenoughplastictoputa

significantdentintheproblem.Still,theirresourcefuluseofplastic

illustrateshowwidespreadplasticpollutionhasbecome,andhowsome

wildlifeisadaptingtoit.

Oneofthebeestheystudied,theleafcutterbee,normallybitesoff

piecesofleavesandflowerstomakeitsnests.Buttheresearchersfound

thatthreeofeightbrood（幼蜂）cellscontainedpiecesofplasticbags,

replacing23percentofthecutleavesineachcellonaverage.

InaseparatestudyconductedinArgentinabetween2017and2018,

researchersstudyingchicory（菊苣）pollinatorsfoundanestmadeentirely

ofplastic.It'sthefirstknownexampleofsuchconstructionworldwide.

Theybelievethebeesthatmadethenestsareleafcutterbees,asinthe

exampleabove.

Plasticcanhavebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesinbees'nests,

thestudysuggests.Thebeesthatusedbitsofplasticbagsdidn'tsufferany

parasite（寄生虫）outbreaks,forexample,echoinga1970studyof

leafcutterbeesthatnestedinsideplasticdrinkingstraws.Thosebeeswere

neverattackedbyparasiticwasps（寄生蜂），whichwereunableto

sting（刺）throughtheplastic,butupto90percentoftheirbroodsstilldied

becausetheplasticdidn'tletenoughmoisture（水分）escape,encouraging

thegrowthofdangerousmold（霉菌）.Theplasticbagsalsodidn'tstick

togetheraswellasleavesdo,theresearchersnote,andeasilyflakedoff

whentheywereinspected.Butthebeestookstepstominimizethis

structuraldeficiency,locatingtheirplasticpiecesonlyneartheendofa

seriesofbroodcells.

It'sstillunclearwhyexactlyleafcutterbeesareusingplastic,butas

non-biodegradablematerialscontinuepilingupinnature,thiskindof

behaviorcouldbecomeincreasinglyimportant."Althoughperhaps

incidentallycollected,"theresearcherswrite,“thenoveluseofplasticsin

thenestsofbeescouldreflectecologicallyadaptivetraitsnecessaryfor

survivalinanincreasinglyhuman-dominatedenvironment.^^

12.Whatdoresearchersdiscoveraboutthebees?

A.Theyaremuchclevererthanotherinsects.

B.Theycanusebitsofplastictobuildtheirnests.

C.Theyhavebeenwidelydocumented.

D.Theycanbewidelyusedtosolveplasticpollutionproblem.

13.Whatmighttheunderlinedword“deficiency“inParagraph5probably

mean?

A.Drawback.B.Concept.

C.Size.D.Nest.

14.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Abiography.B.Aguidebook.

C.Sciencefiction.D.Amagazine.

15.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Thereasonforbeesusingplastic.

B.Researchers'plantolearnfrombees.

C.Bees'adaptingtotheplasticpollution.

D.Bees'increasingimportanceinnature.

第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选

项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Treesaroundusareextremelyimportantandhavealwaysbeen

necessaryforimprovingtheenvironmentconditions.Ourexistingforests

andtreesweplantworktomakeabetterworld.16.Hereisashort

listofmainreasonswhytreesarenecessaryforimprovingourliving

conditions.

Treesproduceoxygen

17.Aleafytreeproducesasmuchoxygeninaseasonas10

peopleinhaleinayear.Whatmanypeopledon'trealizeisthattheforest

alsoactsasagiantfilterthatcleanstheairwebreathe.Treeshelpclean

theairbypreventingairborneparticles,reducingheat,andabsorbingsuch

pollutants.

Treescleanthesoil

Thetermphytoremediationisafancywordfortheabsorptionof

dangerouschemicalsandotherpollutantsthathaveenteredthesoil.

18Treesfiltersewageandfarmchemicals,reducetheeffectsof

animalwastes,cleanroadsidespillsandsoon.

Treesarecarbonsinks

Toproduceitsfood,atreeabsorbsandlockscarbondioxideinthe

wood,rootsandleaves.Carbondioxideisaglobalwarmingsuspect.

19.Thisprocess“stores“carbonaswoodandnotasa“greenhouse”

gas.

20

Treesblockurbannoisealmostaseffectivelyasstonewalls.Trees,

plantedatstrategicpointsinaneighborhoodoraroundyourhouse,can

reducemajornoisefromfreewaysandairports.

A.Wecouldnotexistaswedoiftherewerenotrees

B.Treeshelpcleanthesky

C.Aforestisacarbonstorageareathatcanlockasmuchcarbonasit

produces

D.Treescontrolnoisepollution

E.Manhasbeenplantingtreestomaketheplanetamorebeautifulworld

F.Themodernhumancommunityhasothermorepracticalreasonsto

admireandhonortrees

G.Treescaneitherstoreharmfulpollutantsorchangethepollutantsinto

lessharmfulforms

16.17.18.19.20.

第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以

填入空白处的最佳选项。

Don'tletAurora'ssmallstature（身材）foolyou-herspiritisstrong.

Sheisoneof140chickensrescuedfromafarm.Whenwesavedher,she

wastinyandsickanditseemed21thatshewouldsurvive.Having

nevergottheright22,manyofthechickensweresickandsome

sadlydied.

Atayoungage,Auroraandhersistersandbrotherswere23

bytheirmom.Luckily,anothermother24theircare.Aurora

seemedthelasttogetfoodandattention.Shegrewatamuchslower

25thanherbrothersandsisters.Everything26againsther.

Attheyoungageofsevenmonths,Aurorahadlosttwomomsand

was27tofindaplacewiththeotherchickens.

Aurora28foundcomfortinstayingwithanoldchicken

namedMargaret,stayingunderherwingsduringthecoldnights,but

Margaretwassooldthatafewmonthslatershe29.Aurora,inher

ownway,thoughtofMargaret.Everyevening,youwouldfindherinthe

30spotwhereshekeptMargaretcompany.Evenwhentheother

chickenstriedto31heraway,Auroracameback.

AsAuroragrew,webecame32atherlovetosimplylive.

Nothingstoppedher.

Soremember,whenlifeseemsso33thatyoucan'ttakeit,

thinkofAurora.Shehaslosthermoms,watchedhersistersandbrothers

die,and34fromseriousillnesses.Yetsheenjoysthesmall,sweet

35lifehasoffered—safety,food,warmthandgoodfriendships.

21.A.hopefulB.properC.possibleD.unlikely

22.A.touchB.careC.giftD.partner

23.A.punishedB.refused

C.abandonedD.scolded

24.A.tookonB.putforward

C.lookedafterD.broughtabout

25.A.costB.rateC.standardD.value

26.A.beatB.foughtC.leanedD.seemed

27.A.arrangingB.choosing

C.strugglingD.affording

28.A.latelyB.eventually

C.constantlyD.frequently

29.A.brakedB.bledC.achedD.died

3O.A.sameB.relevantC.similarD.normal

31.A.clearB.putC.turnD.push

32.A.nervousB.amazed

C.excitedD.disappointed

33.A.toughB.differentC.smoothD.boring

34.A.wakedB.madeC.recoveredD.learned

35.A.chancesB.pleasuresC.dreamsD.services

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正

确形式。

Iwas36(excite)whenIheardthatourcommunitywasto

haveitsownMcDonald'srestaurant.Ithoughtaboutallthoseyoung

peoplewhowouldnothavetogotothenexttown37(buy)their

favouriteburgersandchips.McDonald'scaresabout38(health)

eatingtooandworkswith39(scientist)toprovidefoodthatisof

highquality,safeandhealthy.Itisalsocheap.Itoftenprovidessaladsas

wellasburgersandchips.Youcanalsochoosebetweencolaandmilk

shakes(奶昔).Ofcourseitalsomeansmoreworkforourareathatneeds

jobs40(bad).McDonald'ssaysitisinterestedindoing41is

rightforthecommunityandbeingagoodneighbour.SoIthinkitwillbe

concernedabout42(provide)parkingforthecarsinourmainstreet.

Manyofouryoungpeoplewillbeonlytoohappytoworkfor43

company.McDonald'smakesapromisetothepeople44workfor

them.Itsays,“Wevalueyou,yourgrowingskillsandyourhelptothe

company.^^Icanseenothingbutgoodifthiscompany45(come)to

builditsrestaurantinourtown.

36.37.38.39.40.

41.42.43.44.45.

第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(满分15分)

假如你是李华，学校最近要组织一次英语演讲比赛,主题为“垃圾

分类益处多”。请你根据此话题写一篇演讲稿。要点如下:

1.你的观点；

2.你的建议。

参考词汇:垃圾分类garbageclassification

注意：

1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

第二节（满分25分）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成

一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

InthebeautifulcityofSanFrancisco,itwasspring.Theflowers

wereblooming,thesunwasshinning,andthebirdsweresingingtheir

beautifulsongs.Inanearbybasketballstadium,therewasabasketball

championshipgoingon.Jesse,likehiselderbrotherTimmy,wasoneof

thebestplayersinthecompetition;hescoredmostofhisteam'spoints,

buthisteamdidnotlikethat.Jesseneverpassedtheball.Hiscoach

alwaystoldhimthatitwasateamgameandnotaone-manshow.

“Jesse,passtheballmore,^^insistedCoachTyler.

“Coach,Iamgood.IcanwinthiswholetournamentbymyselfifI

wantto,“respondedJesse.

“Jesse,youneedtolearntorespectthegame!^^saidCoachTyler.

"Idon'tneedtorespectanything,“saidJesse.

“Okaythen,andIdon'tneedyouinmyteam,Jesse.Getoutof

here!^^

“Fine!”repliedJesseangrily.

AtschoolJesse'sfriendsZack,Christopher,andDe'Aaronwere

tryingtocalmdownJesse,whowasstillangryaboutwhathappenedthe

previousday.Jessewasusuallygoodatschool,butaftergettingkicked

outoftheteam,hisattitudechanged.Hestarteddoingpoorly.Hegotin

troubleandfailedclasses.Jessetriedtojoinotherbasketballteams,but

hecouldnotbecausetheirlistwasfilledorhewastooyoungortooold.

Finally,JessewasrecommendedforateambyZack.

“Thanks,“saidJessehappily.

“Noproblem,Jesse,“respondedZack.Fivemonthslater...

Jessestartedpassingtheballmore,buthestillaveraged26.4points

pergame.Jesseenjoyedhowheplayed,buthedidnotlikethathewas

comingoffthebench.Jesseprovedthathewasastaronthecourt,but

stillthecoachsaidthathewasbettercomingoffthebench."Coach,I

thinkIhaveshowedthatIcanstartthenextgame,“saidJessecalmly.

“No,Jesse,youarenotgoodenough,5,respondedthecoach."But...“said

Jessebeforethecoachinterruptedhim."No,Jesse!^^Jessestartedgetting

mad."Coach,youneedtostartme.I'mthebestinthisteam,,,saidJesse

arrogantly（傲慢地）.“Jesse,howaboutyoujustleave?”bellowedthe

coach.

Paragraph1:

Jesseleft._____________________________________________

Paragraph2:

Jessewentbacktothestadium.

答案全解全析

LB2.A3.C4.C5.B6.D7.A

8.D9.A10.Bll.C12.B13.A14.D

15.C16.F17.A18.G19.C20.D21.D

22.B23.C24.A25.B26.D27.C28.B

29.D30.A31.D32.B33.A34.C35.B

第一部分阅读

第一节

A

◎语篇解读本文是一则广告，介绍了美国费城的四个旅游景点SpruceStreetHarborPark、

BlueCrossRiverRink>SesamePlace和OnceUponaNationStorytellingBenches的信息。

l.B细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Visitorscanrelaxinahammock,playontheplaygrounds,

andplaygamesliketabletennisandchess.可知游客可以在SpruceStreetHarborPark中参加各

种活动，得到充分的放松。故B项正确。

2.A细节理解题。根据第四段第一句BigBird,ElmoandtheotherstarsofSesameStreetcome

outandplayatSesamePlace,theonlythemeparkinthenationstarringthepopularTVshow's

mostlovablecharacters.可知BigBird,Elmo等明星会在SesamePlace演出，这些明星的粉丝会

对SesamePlace感兴趣。故A项正确。

3.C推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句Onsummerdays,uniformedandprofessional

storytellersat13storytellingbenchesthroughoutPhiladelphia'sHistoricDistrictentertainvisitors

withtrue,free,three-to-five-minutetalesaboutthecolonial（殖民的）eraaspartofOnceUpona

Nation.可知在Philadelphia'sStorytellingBenches中一些职业讲故事的人会讲一些关于殖民时

期的故事，对于孩子们来说这是有教育意义的事情，对他们有一定的教育作用。故C项正确。

长难句分析

原句Offeringiceskatinginthewinterandrollerskatinginthesummer,BlueCrossRiverRink

createsafun,outdoorexperienceforthewholefamily.

分析现在分词短语Offeringiceskatinginthewinterandrollerskatinginthesummer在该句

中作状语,offer与主语BlueCrossRiverRink是主动关系,故用现在分词形式。

句意提供冬季滑冰和夏季轮滑,BlueCrossRiverRink为整个家庭创造了一•次有趣的户外体

验。

【高频词汇】1.lovableadj.可爱的，讨人喜欢的2.interactiveadj.交互式的,相互作用的;互动

的3.addto增力口4.entertainv.娱乐，招待

B

◎语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章以作者参加西班牙内战打击法西斯分子为背景，讲述

了自己不幸被敌人俘获，原以为即将死去，没想到一个微笑拯救了自己的生命的故事。

4.C推理判断题。由文章第一段第三句Ifumbled（胡乱摸找）inmypocketstoseeiftherewas

anycigarette,whichhadescapedtheirsearch.可推知，作者翻遍了口袋，想找到一支没被他们搜

走的香烟，故可推断,作者之前被人搜过身，故选Co

5.B推理判断题。由文章第一段可推知，作者想到自己很快就要没命了,不禁陷入极端惶恐,

于是想点一支烟，释放自己紧张的情绪。故选B。

6.D细节理解题。由文章第二段中Suddenly,withoutanotherword,heunlockedmycelland

silentlyledmeout.以及Outoftheprison,quietlyandbybackroutes.可知，警卫一语不发地打

开了牢门，悄悄地带他从后面的小路逃离了监狱。所以，作者根本没有想到警卫会把自己放走,

故选D。

7.A推理判断题。由文章第一段中Inanycase,Ismiled.Inthatinstant,itwasasthougha

sparkjumpedacrossthegapbetweenourtwohearts,ourtwohumansouls.可推知，不管怎样，作者

笑了。在那一刹那间,这抹微笑如同火花般打破了他们心灵间的隔阂。第二段主要讲述是微

笑拉近了他们之间的距离，通过简短的谈话，让彼此产生了共鸣，以至于最后警卫把作者给放

了，都足以证明是微笑拯救了作者的生命，故选Ao

长难句分析

原句Perhapsitwasnervousness;perhapsitwasbecause,whenyougetveryclosetooneanother,

itisveryhardnottosmile.

分析句中because,whenyougetveryclosetooneanother,itisveryhardnottosmile是一个

表语从句;whenyougetveryclosetooneanother是该表语从句中包含的时间状语从句。

句意也许是紧张,也许是因为当你们互相靠得很近时，很难不去微笑。

【高频词汇】1.unconsciouslyadv.无意地2.nervousnessn.紧张3.inanycase不管怎样

4.unlockv.（用钥匙）开……的锁

5.releasev.释放;放走

C

◎语篇解读本文为说明文。研究发现，当植物受到攻击时，它们不会坐以待毙，而是会释放出

某种化学物质。这可能是对其他植物发出的一种预警信号也可能是自我保护的一种方式。

8.D细节理解题。根据第一段枫树的例子可知，当其受到攻击时,受到伤害的部位会释放出挥

发性有机化合物,由第二段第一句可知所有的植物受到攻击时都会作出这种反应，故D项正确。

9.A推理判断题。根据第三段可知，某些植物受到攻击时会释放出某种香味，将攻击者的天敌

吸引过来，由此可知当它们到来时，攻击者将会成为被攻击者，故A项正确。

10.B推理判断题。由第三段内容可知,植物可以保护自己免受昆虫伤害。

H.C推理判断题。最后一段提到,150多年前，达尔文就曾想到这个世界比我们所看到、听

到的更加繁忙，更加吵闹，也更加亲密，我们的感官还不够强大,很多东西都未感知到。由此可推

断出，这个世界实际上更加复杂，故C项正确。

长难句分析

原句Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiesof

theattackers.

分析该句中的designedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiesoftheattackers是

过去分词短语作后置定语，该部分中的whoarenaturalenemiesoftheattackers是定语从句，修

饰differentinsectso

句意它们大量排出，专为吸引对于攻击者来说是天敌的不同昆虫而制造的香味。

【高频词汇】〔.particularad上特别的2.organicadj.有机的3.reactv.作出反应4.perfume

n.香味5.relativelyadv.相当地，相对地

D

◎语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，蜜蜂会利用塑料废片筑巢，科学家认为这种现象

从一个方面反映了塑料垃圾在日益增多，同时也反映了野生动物是如何适应环境的。

12.B细节理解题。根据首段末句以及第三段内容可知，研究人员发现蜜蜂在利用塑料废片

筑巢。故选B。

13.A词义猜测题。本段首句介绍塑料在蜂巢中有利有弊，根据该词前面内容可知，塑料袋子

无法很好地粘在一起，容易脱落，由此推断这是不利方面。

14.D推理判断题。文章介绍了蜜蜂用塑料废片筑巢的现象，由此推断这是一篇科普性文章，

应该出现在杂志中•

15.C细节理解题。根据第二段和末段内容可知，研究人员认为蜜蜂利用塑料筑巢是为了生

存而适应环境的新特点。

长难句分析

原句Thosebeeswereneverattackedbyparasiticwasps（寄生蜂），whichwereunableto

sting（刺）throughtheplastic,butupto90percentoftheirbroodsstilldiedbecausetheplastic

didn*tletenoughmoisture（水分）escape,encouragingthegrowthofdangerousmold（霉菌）.

分析句中的非限制性定语从句whichwereunabletosting（刺）throughtheplastic修饰

parasiticwasps,encouragingthegrowthofdangerousmold表示自然而然的结果。

句意那些蜜蜂从来没有受到过寄生蜂的攻击,（因为）寄生蜂无法刺穿塑料，但由于塑料没有

漏出足够的水分,促进危险的霉菌滋生，多达90%的幼蜂仍然死亡。

【高频词汇】l.pileup堆放2.documentv.记录，记载

3.recyclev.回收利用4.adaptto适应5.constructionn.建造;建造的方式

第一T

◎语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。树对人类的生存环境有着重要的作用。无论是天然林还是

人工林，都在美化着这个星球。树在哪些方面造福我们呢？

16.F设空处的前一句说的是地球上的自然林和我们种植的树木一起创造更好的世界。设空

处后的句子是说这里有一个关于树对改善我们的生存环境非常必要的重要原因的简单列表。

故F项“当今的人类社会还有其他更客观的理由敬佩、尊重树木”起承上启下的作用，符合语

境。

17.A根据下文可知，此处是说树所生产的氧气帮助我们存活，故A项符合语境。

18.G由设空处后的内容可知，树木会过滤污水和农业用药，减少动物粪便的影响及清理路边

的污物等，故G项能概括此处描述的内容。

19.C根据设空处前的lockscarbondioxide和设空处后的Thisprocess"stores"carbon可知答

案。

20.D结合本段内容可知,此处讲的是树木可以减少噪音污染，故D项符合文意。

长难句分析

原句Whatmanypeopledon'trealizeisthattheforestalsoactsasagiantfilterthatcleanstheair

webreathe.

分析句中Whatmanypeopledon'trealize是主语从句,is后是由that引导的表语从句;that

cleanstheair是定语从句，修饰filter;webreathe也是定语从句，修饰theair。在定语从句中关系

代词作宾语时可以省略。

句意许多人没有意识到的是，森林也起着一个巨大的过滤器的作用，清洁我们呼吸的空气。

【高频词汇】l.existingadj.现存的，现行的2.poHutantn.污染物3.absorptionn.吸收

4.suspectn.嫌疑分子5.majoradj.主要的

第二部分语言运用

第一节

◎语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一只为了生存与各种困难顽强抗争的鸡的故事。

21.D由前面的shewastinyandsick可知，这只鸡体弱多病，所以似乎不大可能(unlikely)活

下来，故选D。

22.B因为没有得到适当的照顾(care),很多鸡才会生病甚至死亡，故选B。

23.C由下文Luckily,anothermother…可以推断,Aurora和它的兄弟姐妹们被妈妈遗弃

(abandoned)/,故选C。

24.A根据Aurora和它的兄弟姐妹们被妈妈抛弃可推断出，它们由另一个妈妈负责(tookon)

照顾，故选A。

25.B根据本文第一句提到的smallstature(身材似及上一句...lasttogetfoodandattention.nf

推断出,Aurora成长的速度(rate)慢于它的兄弟姐妹,所以身材瘦小，故选B。

26.D根据下一段内容可知,Aurora的生活总是不如意，似乎(seemed)一切都在和它作对，故

选D。

27.C联系上下文可知,Aurora先后失去了两个妈妈，所以它努力(struggling)去找到自己的

栖身之处，故选C。

28.B与上一段相呼应，在它不断地寻找后，终于(eventually)找到安身之处，故选B。

29.D可是Margaret因为年纪太大而死去(died)了，故选D。

30.A当Margaret去世后Aurora很想念它，因此Aurora每晚都会在和Margaret做伴的同一

个(same)地方，故选A。

3I.D根据句意可知，即便别的鸡努力推开(pushaway)它,它也会回来的，故选D。

32.B我们对Aurora生存的意志力之强而感到惊