03选择性高考题型综合训练（人教版2019）

03选择性必修第一册高考题型综合训练一、阅读理解（一）MarieCurie,borninSklodovka,Polandin1876,ledahardlifeasagirl.Herparents,bothteachers,hadsmallsalariesandwerequitepoor,especiallyafterhermotherstoppedteachingtoraisefivechildrenandtakecareofherpoorhealth.Marie’smothersufferedfromtuberculosis(肺结核)anddiedofitwhenMariewasten.WhenMariewassmall,sheshowedgreatinterestinscience.Shelovedtostudyandhopedtobeeascientistwhenshegrewup.Herparentsencouragedherinterestinscience.Excellentasshewasinherstudies,shecouldn’tgoonwiththeadvancededucationsheneededbecausePolandwasthenruledbyRussiaandwomenwerenotpermittedtogotocollege.Inordertocontinuehereducation,shesmoothedawaymanydifficultiesandenteredParisUniversity,whereshelivedasimplelifeandstudiedhard,soshegraduatedwiththehighestgradesinherclass.AftergraduationshewasengagedinscientificresearchinParisUniversity.ThereshemetPierreCurie,whomshemarried.Pierrejoinedherinherresearchintoanunknownphenomenon“radiation”,whichacertainscientisthaddeclaredthaturaniumgaveoff.TheCuriespentseveralyearstryingtheirbesttofindtheelementthatproducedradiation.Finallytheysucceededin1902.MarieCuriewontwoNobelPrizes,oneforphysicsin1906,togetherwithherhusbandandanotherscientist;theotherforchemistryherselfin1911.MadameCuriewasascientistofgreatachievement,andthefirstwomanevertobehonoredintheNobelPrizehistory.1．WhenMariewasyoung,herfamilybecamepoorerbecause________.A．thefamilyhadfivechildren B．Marie’smothergaveupherjobC．Marie’sfatherhadasmallsalary D．thefamilywascruellytaxedbytheRussians2．Mariecouldn’tcontinuetheadvancededucationbecause_______.A．shewantedtohelpherfathertosupportthefamilyB．herfathercouldn’taffordtosendhertocollegeC．collegesinPolandwouldnottakewomenasstudentsthenD．hergradeswereverypoor3．WhatprovesMariewasthebeststudentinherclassisthat________.A．hergradeswerethehighestinherclassB．shesmoothedawaymanydifficultiesandenteredParisUniversityC．shedidresearchworkafterhergraduationD．shewontheNobelPrizefinally4．Thebesttitleforthispassageis_______.A．MadameCurie’sInterestinScience B．MadameCurieandRadiationC．MarieCurie’sChildhood D．ABriefIntroductionofMadameCurie’sLife【答案】1．B2．C3．A4．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了居里夫人的艰苦生活和她在科学上的伟大成就。1．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Herparents,bothteachers,hadsmallsalariesandwerequitepoor,especiallyafterhermotherstoppedteachingtoraisefivechildrenandtakecareofherpoorhealth.(她的父母都是教师，工资很低，而且很穷，尤其是在她母亲为了抚养五个孩子和照顾她不好的身体而停止教学之后。)”可知，居里夫人的妈妈放弃了工作来抚养五个孩子和照顾自己身体的时候，家里更贫穷了。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Excellentasshewasinherstudies,shecouldn’tgoonwiththeadvancededucationsheneededbecausePolandwasthenruledbyRussiaandwomenwerenotpermittedtogotocollege.(尽管她的学习成绩很好，但她无法继续接受她所需要的高等教育，因为当时波兰被俄罗斯统治，女性不允许上大学。)”可知，当时的波兰学校里是不收女学生的，C项符合题意。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Inordertocontinuehereducation,shesmoothedawaymanydifficultiesandenteredParisUniversity,whereshelivedasimplelifeandstudiedhard,soshegraduatedwiththehighestgradesinherclass.(为了继续深造，她克服了重重困难，考入了巴黎大学。在巴黎大学，她生活简单，学习刻苦，所以她以全班第一的成绩毕业。)”可知，她毕业时的分数是班上最高的。由此推断，这个事实可以表明她是班上最棒的学生。故选A。4．主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章主要介绍了居里夫人的人生中一些重要的事情。所以“ABriefIntroductionofMadameCurie’sLife(居里夫人的生活简介)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。（二）Imagineifyourclothescouldpickupthesoundsofeverythinggoingonaroundyou.Scientistshavecreatedafibre(纤维)whichcanpickupsoundsandcouldbeusedasahearingaid,tomonitorheartbeatsoreveninspacecraft.Thenewfibreworkslikeamicrophone.Itpicksupsoundsandturnsthemintovibrations(震动)andthenelectricalsignals,inasimilarwaytohowearswork.Whenwoven(编织)intoashirt,theresearcherssaythefibrecanevendetectawearer’sheartbeat.Thefibrecanhearsoundsaslowasthoseinaquietlibrarytoloudersoundslikeheavyroadtraffic.Itcanevenaccuratelytellthedirectionofsuddensoundslikehandclaps.ThefibrewascreatedbyengineersatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)andresearchersatRhodeIslandSchoolofDesign.“Wearingapieceofclothingthatcanhear,youmighttalkthroughittoanswerphonecallsandmunicatewithothers,”saidleadauthorYetWan,whocreatedthetechnologyatMIT.Oncetheyhadcreatedthefibre,theteamwoveitintoamoretraditionalpieceofclothingwhichwasmuchmoreflexible.Whenitwaswovenintothebackofashirtitwasabletopickupthesoundofpeopleclapping,evenpickingupthedirectiontheclappingwasingfrom.Whenwovenintotheshirt’sinnerlining(内衬)itcouldpickuptheperson’sheartbeat,whichtheresearchersthinkcouldbeusedinapregnantwoman’sclothestomonitorababy’sheartbeat.Aswellaswearablehearingaids,andclothesthattrackyourheartbeat,theteamsaystherearepossibilitiesbeyondclothing.“Itcanbeintegratedwithspacecraftskintolistentospacedust,orembeddedinto(嵌入)buildingstodetectcracksorstrains,”Yetsuggests.“Itcanevenbewovenintoasmartnettomonitorfishintheocean.”5．Whatisthescientists’newinvention?A．Alightweightfibre. B．Anewspacecraftskin.C．Afibrethatcanhear. D．Amicrophonethatcantalk.6．Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewmaterial?A．Itiseasilydistractedbyloudsounds.

B．Itcanevenpickupfaintsounds.C．Itworksmoreaccuratelythanhumanears.D．Itfailstorecognisethedirectionofsounds.7．Whatdidtheteamdoaftercreatingthenewmaterial?A．Theywoveitintobabies’clothes. B．Theyturneditintoafishnet.C．Theyputitintomassproduction. D．Theytesteditsperformance.8．WhatdoYet’swordsinthelastparagraphsuggest?A．Thefibrehasawiderangeofapplications. B．Thefibrecanbringinabigprofit.C．Thefibreneedstobeimproved. D．Thefibreislessflexiblethantraditionalclothes.【答案】5．C6．B7．D8．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了科学家发明出能听到声音的纤维，这种纤维不仅能制成衣服监测心跳，还有望应用在更广泛的领域如太空飞船、建筑安全和海洋探索中。5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Scientistshavecreatedafibre(纤维)whichcanpickupsounds…(科学家发明了一种可以接收声音的纤维……)”可知，科学家的新发明是一种能听到声音的纤维。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Thefibrecanhearsoundsaslowasthoseinaquietlibrarytoloudersoundslikeheavyroadtraffic.(这种纤维可以听到像安静的图书馆里那样低的声音，也可以听到像繁忙的道路交通那样大的声音。)”可知，这种新材料能听到微弱的声音。故选B。7．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Oncetheyhadcreatedthefibre,theteamwoveitintoamoretraditionalpieceofclothingwhichwasmuchmoreflexible.Whenitwaswovenintothebackofashirtitwasabletopickupthesoundofpeopleclapping,evenpickingupthedirectiontheclappingwasingfrom.Whenwovenintotheshirt’sinnerlining(内衬)itcouldpickuptheperson’sheartbeat,whichtheresearchersthinkcouldbeusedinapregnantwoman’sclothestomonitorababy’sheartbeat.(一旦他们制造出这种纤维，该团队就把它编织成一件更传统、更灵活的衣服。当它被编织到衬衫的后面时，它能够捕捉到人们鼓掌的声音，甚至可以识别出鼓掌的方向。当它被织进衬衫的内衬时，它可以捕捉到人的心跳，研究人员认为，这可以用在孕妇的衣服上，来监测婴儿的心跳。)”可知，科学家发明出这种材料之后就对其性能进行了测试。故选D。8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“theteamsaystherearepossibilitiesbeyondclothing.“Itcanbeintegratedwithspacecraftskintolistentospacedust,orembeddedinto(嵌入)buildingstodetectcracksorstrains,”Yetsuggests.“Itcanevenbewovenintoasmartnettomonitorfishintheocean.”(该团队表示，除了服装之外，还有其他可能性。Yet建议:“它可以与航天器外壳集成以收听太空尘埃，或者嵌入建筑物以检测裂缝或应变。”“它甚至可以编织成一个智能网来监测海洋中的鱼类。”)”可知，这种材料除了制作成衣服之外还可能有更加广泛的用途。故选A。（三）InordertosurvivetripstoMars,humansneedoxygen.Now,ateamofscientistshasdesignedarobotthatcouldextractoxygenfromwaterontheRedPlanet.Therobot,whichiscalled“AIchemist”,usedamachinelearningmodeltofindapoundthatcouldigniteanoxygenproducingchemicalreactiononMars.Thepound,knownasacatalyst(催化剂),ismadeentirelyfromelementsfoundinMartianmeteorites(陨石)—whichmeans,ifsuchasystemcouldworkreliably,spacetravelerswouldnotneedtobringoxygenoreventhecatalystneededtoproduceit.Mars’atmospherecontainsonlytraceamountsofoxygen.Butscientistshavedetectedevidenceofliquidwaterbeneaththeplanet’ssouthernicecap.Tocreatethebreathablegas,researcherswantedtofindawaytobreakdownthiswaterintoitshydrogenandoxygenmoleculesusingmaterialsfoundonMars.TheirrobotanalyzedfivemeteoritesthateithercamefromMarsorhadapositionsimilartothatoftheMartiansurface.Usingalaser,itidentifiedsignificantamountsofiron,nickel,calcium,magnesium,aluminumandmanganeseinthesamples.Fromthesesixelements,therobot’salgorithm(算法)determineditcouldproducemorethan3.7millionpossiblemoleculestobreakdownwaterandformoxygenonMars.Accordingtotheresearchers,findingthebestonefromthisextensivelistwouldtakeroughly2,000yearsofhumanlabor,butfortheAIchemist,ittookonlyweeks.“OntheEarth,wedon’tusethesesixelements,”YiLuo,acoauthorofthestudysays.“Theyarenotthebestchoicesforcatalysts,butit’sonlywhatyou’vegotonMars.”Withitschosencatalyst,thesystemcouldproduceoxygenfromtheMartianmaterialsataround37℃,demonstratingthechemicalreactioncouldbepossibleonthecoldMartiansurface.Notably,therobotwasabletocarryouttheentireprocess—analyzingtherocksamples,identifyingtheJestpossiblecatalystandproducingitwithouthumanintervention.9．Whatinspiredthescientiststodesigntherobotthatcouldextractoxygen?A．SurvivingontheEarth. B．TripstoMars.C．TravelingontheMoon. D．Watershortage.10．WhatisthebasisofextractingoxygenonMars?A．TheexistenceofwaterandcatalystonMars. B．TheoxygenthatMars’atmospherecontains.C．Thescientists’previousstudyonmeteorites. D．Thelowcostof“AIchemist”.11．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A．Thefindingofsixelements. B．Theadvantagesoftherobots.C．Theprocessofproducingoxygen. D．Theformationofthemeteorites.12．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowards“AIchemist”?A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Favorable. D．Indifferent.【答案】9．B10．A11．C12．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。为了在火星之旅中生存下来，人类需要氧气。现在，一组科学家设计了一种机器人，可以从红色星球上的水中提取氧气。文章主要介绍了这种可以提取氧气的机器人。9．细节理解题。根据第一段“InordertosurvivetripstoMars,humansneedoxygen.Now,ateamofscientistshasdesignedarobotthatcouldextractoxygenfromwaterontheRedPlanet.(为了在火星之旅中生存下来，人类需要氧气。现在，一组科学家设计了一种机器人，可以从红色星球上的水中提取氧气)”可知，去火星旅行启发了科学家们设计出可以提取氧气的机器人。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thepound,knownasacatalyst(催化剂),ismadeentirelyfromelementsfoundinMartianmeteorites(陨石)—whichmeans,ifsuchasystemcouldworkreliably,spacetravelerswouldnotneedtobringoxygenoreventhecatalystneededtoproduceit.(这种化合物被称为催化剂，完全由火星陨石中的元素制成——这意味着，如果这样的系统能够可靠地工作，太空旅行者将不需要携带氧气，甚至不需要制造氧气所需的催化剂)”以及第三段“Butscientistshavedetectedevidenceofliquidwaterbeneaththeplanet’ssouthernicecap.Tocreatethebreathablegas,researcherswantedtofindawaytobreakdownthiswaterintoitshydrogenandoxygenmoleculesusingmaterialsfoundonMars.(但科学家们已经发现了火星南部冰盖下存在液态水的证据。为了创造可呼吸的气体，研究人员希望找到一种方法，利用火星上发现的材料将这些水分解成氢和氧分子)”可知，在火星上提取氧气的基础是火星上存在水和催化剂。故选A。11．主旨大意题。根据第四段“TheirrobotanalyzedfivemeteoritesthateithercamefromMarsorhadapositionsimilartothatoftheMartiansurface.Usingalaser,itidentifiedsignificantamountsofiron,nickel,calcium,magnesium,aluminumandmanganeseinthesamples.Fromthesesixelements,therobot’salgorithm(算法)determineditcouldproducemorethan3.7millionpossiblemoleculestobreakdownwaterandformoxygenonMars.Accordingtotheresearchers,findingthebestonefromthisextensivelistwouldtakeroughly2,000yearsofhumanlabor,butfortheAIchemist,ittookonlyweeks.(他们的机器人分析了五颗陨石，这些陨石要么来自火星，要么与火星表面的成分相似。利用激光，它在样品中发现了大量的铁、镍、钙、镁、铝和锰。根据这六种元素，机器人的算法确定它可以产生超过370万个可能的分子，在火星上分解水并形成氧气。根据研究人员的说法，从这个广泛的列表中找到最好的一个需要大约2000年的人类劳动，但对于人工智能化学家来说，只花了几周的时间)”可知，第四段主要讲了产生氧气的过程。故选C。12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Notably,therobotwasabletocarryouttheentireprocess—analyzingtherocksamples,identifyingtheJestpossiblecatalystandproducingitwithouthumanintervention.(值得注意的是，机器人能够完成整个过程——分析岩石样本，识别最可能的催化剂，并在没有人工干预的情况下生产)”可知，作者对“AI化学家”是支持态度。故选C。（四）Manyrobotstrackobjectsby“sight”astheyworkwiththem,butoptical(光学的)sensorscan’ttakeinanitem’sentireshapewhenit’sinthedarkorpartiallyblockedfromview.Nowanewlowcosttechniqueletsarobotichand“feel”anunfamiliarobject’sformandskillfullyhandleitbasedonthisinformationalone.UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,roboticistWangXiaolongandhisteamwantedtofindoutwhetherplexactionscouldbeachievedinroboticsusingonlysimpletouchdata.Theresearchersattached16contactsensors,eachcostingaboutandfingersofafourfingeredrobothand.Thesesensorssimplyindicateifanobjectistouchingthehandornot.“Whileonesensordoesn’tcatchmuch,alotofthemcanhelpyoucapturedifferentaspectsoftheobject”,Wangsays.Inthiscase,therobot’staskwastorotate(旋转)itemsplacedinitspalm.Theyfirstransimulations(模拟)tocollectenoughtouchdataasavirtualrobothandpracticedrotatingobjects,includingballsandotherirregularobjects.Usinginformationfromeachsensor,theteambuiltaputermodelthatdeterminesanobject’spositionateverystepofthehandlingprocessandmovesthefingerstorotateitsmoothlyandstably.Next,theytransferredthiscapabilitytooperatearealrobothand,whichsuccessfullycontrolledpreviouslyunfamiliarobjectssuchasapples,tomatoes,soupcansandrubberducks.Transferingtheputermodeltotherealworldwasrelativelyeasybecausethesensordataweresosimple.However,NewYorkUniversity’sLerrelPinto,whostudiesrobots’interactions,wonderswhetherthesystemwouldfailatmoreplicatedtasks.So,infuturework,Wang’sgroupaimstotacklemoreplexmovementsaswellastoaddsensorsinplacessuchasthesidesofthefingers.“Thismeansthattherewillbemoreaccurateinformationfromtouchingthatallowsreconstructingtheobjectshape,”Wangsays.Theresearcherswillalsotryaddingvisiontoplementtouchdataforhandlingplicatedshapes.13．WhydidWangXiaolong’sgroupconducttheresearch?A．Todeveloparobotwithadvancedopticalsensors.B．Toexploretheuseoftouchdatainplexroboticactions.C．Toinvestigatetheimpactoflightingonroboticrecognition.D．Tocreatearobotichandtotakeholdoffamiliarobjects.14．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．ThefunctionofrobothandsinWang’sresearch.B．Thewaythatrobothandscapturedifferentobjects.C．Thetypeofcontactsensorsattachedtotherobothand.D．TheworkingprincipleofrobothandsinWang’sresearch.15．Howdidtheresearchersgathertouchdatafortherobotichand’straining?A．Theyusedrealworldobjects.B．Theyusedplexopticalsensors.C．Theyreliedonvisionbasedtechnology.D．Theyconductedsimulationswitharobothand.16．WhatisWangXiaolong’sattitudetowardsPinto’sconcernoverthesystem?A．Indifferent. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Dismissive.【答案】13．B14．D15．D16．C【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍的是一项新的低成本技术可以让机器人手“感觉”一个不熟悉的物体的形状，并根据这些信息就能熟练地处理它。13．细节理解题。根据第二段的“UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,roboticistWangXiaolongandhisteamwantedtofindoutwhetherplexactionscouldbeachievedinroboticsusingonlysimpletouchdata.(加州大学圣地亚哥分校的机器人专家王晓龙和他的团队想要弄清楚，仅仅使用简单的触摸数据，机器人是否就能完成复杂的动作)”可知，王晓龙的团队进行这项研究是为了探索触摸数据在复杂机器人动作中的运用。故选B。14．段落大意题。根据第三段的“Theresearchersattached16contactsensors,eachcostingaboutandfingersofafourfingeredrobothand.Thesesensorssimplyindicateifanobjectistouchingthehandornot.“Whileonesensordoesn’tcatchmuch,alotofthemcanhelpyoucapturedifferentaspectsoftheobject”,Wangsays.Inthiscase,therobot’staskwastorotateitemsplacedinitspalm.(研究人员安装了16个接触式传感器，每个传感器的成本约为四指机器人手的两根手指。这些传感器只是指示一个物体是否接触到手。“虽然一个传感器不能捕捉到很多，但很多传感器可以帮助你捕捉物体的不同方面，”王说。在这种情况下，机器人的任务是旋转放在手掌中的物品)”可知，该段主要介绍模拟实验中安装了接触式传感器的机械手臂的工作原理。故选D。15．细节理解题。根据第四段的“Theyfirstransimulationstocollectenoughtouchdataasavirtualrobothandpracticedrotatingobjects,includingballsandotherirregularobjects.Usinginformationfromeachsensor,theteambuiltaputermodelthatdeterminesanobject’spositionateverystepofthehandlingprocessandmovesthefingerstorotateitsmoothlyandstably.(他们首先进行模拟，以收集足够的触摸数据，让虚拟机器人手练习旋转物体，包括球和其他不规则物体。利用来自每个传感器的信息，该团队建立了一个计算机模型，该模型可以在处理过程的每一步确定物体的位置，并移动手指以平稳地旋转物体)”可知，研究者们是通过模拟实验来搜集数据的。故选D。16．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“So,infuturework,Wang’sgroupaimstotacklemoreplexmovementsaswellastoaddsensorsinplacessuchasthesidesofthefingers.“Thismeansthattherewillbemoreaccurateinformationfromtouchingthatallowsreconstructingtheobjectshape,”Wangsays.Theresearcherswillalsotryaddingvisiontoplementtouchdataforhandlingplicatedshapes.(因此，在未来的工作中，王的团队的目标是解决更复杂的运动，并在手指侧面等地方添加传感器。王说：“这意味着通过触摸可以获得更准确的信息，从而可以重建物体的形状。”研究人员还将尝试添加视觉来补充触摸数据，以处理复杂的形状)”可知，其他同行对于他们的研究现状有担忧，王晓龙计划在未来的工作中解决更复杂的问题，即他和他的团队选择以积极的态度去应对，进一步进行模拟实验，完善他们的数据。故选C。二、七选五（一）Foursurprisingwaysalgae(藻类)aredrivinginnovationAlgaecanbeadoubleedgedsword.Increasedhumanactivityandclimatechangehavecausedexplosionsofalgaepopulationsinwaterbodiesaroundtheworldsometimeschokingentireecosystemsofsunlightandoxygen.Eventhoughtheyaresocloselyassociatedwithhumanity’snegativeimpactonEarth,algaecouldalsoplaykeyrolesinhelpingfightpollution,viruses,andmore.17Filtering(过滤)water.Withmicroplasticpollutiondocumentedinalmostallwaterbodies,arecentstudyshowsthatthroughabsorption,algaecanhelpfiltermicroplasticsoutofwater.18Fuelingairtravel.19ResearchersataGermanalgaecultivationfacilityarealreadyusingittofueldrones.Theybelievethisandothersustainablefuelscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromairplanesbyupto80percent.Fightingviruses.Redalgaecanpreventthereplication(复制)ofsomeviruses,includingCOVID19,accordingtoa2020study.20Thus,itcouldbeeapowerfulmedicationtotreatHIV,thevirusthatcausesAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndromes(AIDS).21In2019,freshwateralgaewerelaunchedintospacetoturnthecarbondioxideexhaled(呼出)byastronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationintooxygen.Sincealgaearealsohighinprotein,theycouldreplaceupto30percentofastronautfoodinthefuture.A．Makingspacefoodmorenutritious.B．Makinglongtermspacetravelpossible.C．Theseareseveralwaysalgaearesolvingmodernproblems.D．Somealgaecanalsofilterchemicalsthatcanbeusedinfertilizers.E．Brownalgaehavebeenshowntostimulatethebody’simmunesystem.F．Algaecanproducemoreeffectivebiofuelsthantraditionalsourceslikesoybeans.G．Itaimstoharvestalgaeforenergywhilekeepingtheenvironmentpollutionfree.【答案】17．C18．D19．F20．E21．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了藻类推动创新的四种惊人方式。17．上文“Eventhoughtheyaresocloselyassociatedwithhumanity’snegativeimpactonEarth,algaecouldalsoplaykeyrolesinhelpingfightpollution,viruses,andmore.(尽管藻类与人类对地球的负面影响密切相关，但它们也可以在帮助对抗污染、病毒等方面发挥关键作用。)”说明藻类除了对地球的负面影响也有一些积极作用，选项C“这是藻类解决现代问题的几种方法。”承接上文，引出本文主题，介绍藻类的积极作用。故选C项。18．小标题“Filtering(过滤)water.(过滤水。)”说明藻类能够过滤水。上文“Withmicroplasticpollutiondocumentedinalmostallwaterbodies,arecentstudyshowsthatthroughabsorption,algaecanhelpfiltermicroplasticsoutofwater.(几乎所有的水体都有微塑料污染的记录，最近的一项研究表明，通过吸收，藻类可以帮助过滤水中的微塑料。)”说明藻类的一种过滤作用，选项D“一些藻类还可以过滤用于肥料的化学物质。”承接上文，说明藻类的另一种过滤作用。故选D项。19．小标题“Fuelingairtravel.(为航空旅行提供燃料。)”说明藻类可以提供燃料，选项F“与大豆等传统能源相比，藻类可以生产更有效的生物燃料。”承接小标题，说明藻类可以生产更有效的生物燃料。故选F项。20．下文“Thus,itcouldbeeapowerfulmedicationtotreatHIV,thevirusthatcausesAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndromes(AIDS).(因此，它可能成为一种治疗HIV的有效药物，HIV是导致获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)的病毒。)”说明藻类可能成为一种治疗HIV的有效药物，选项E“褐藻已被证明可以刺激人体的免疫系统。”和下文是因果关系，因为褐藻可以刺激人体的免疫系统，所以对治疗HIV有效。故选E项。21．下文“In2019,freshwateralgaewerelaunchedintospacetoturnthecarbondioxideexhaled(呼出)byastronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationintooxygen.Sincealgaearealsohighinprotein,theycouldreplaceupto30percentofastronautfoodinthefuture.(2019年，淡水藻类被发射到太空，将国际空间站宇航员呼出的二氧化碳转化为氧气。由于藻类也富含蛋白质，未来它们可以取代高达30%的宇航员食物。)”说明藻类可为太空活动提供生活条件，使人们长期生活在太空，选项B“使长期太空旅行成为可能。”概括本段主题，适合做小标题。故选B项。（二）Thehistoryoftheschoolbuscandatebackto1886whentheWayneWorkspanymadehorsedrawncarriages(四轮马车)knownas“schoolwagons”or“kidhacks”inIndiana.22Intheearly1900s,thecarindustrywasbeginningtodevelopfast.23Thepanymanagedtomakeitscarriagespoweredbyengines.Butthedesignremainedmostlythesameasthatofthepreviousones,withstudentssittingalongthewallsofthebuswhilefacinginside.In1927,amanbuiltthefirstbusthatprimarilyusedsteel.Beforelong,WayneWorksintroducedthefirstallsteelschoolbusbodywithsafetyglasswindows.24Thisledtoaturningpointinthehistoryoftheschoolbusin1939,whenaconferencewasorganisedatManhattanCollegetodevelopschoolbusstandards.Manynewnationalstandardswerecreated,determiningeverythingfromseatingdesignstothefamousyellowcolorthatschoolbusesstillsporttoday.Thereasonwhythecolorwaschosenwassimple.25Thecolorisespeciallyeasytoseeintheearlymorningandeveninglightwhenschoolbusesusuallyoperate.26Forexample,avarietyofchangeshavebeenmadetoenabletheschoolbustonotonlybesaferbutalsohavebetterfuel(燃料)economy,beeasiertodrive,etc.Themostcreativeapproachamongalloftheseisprobablyakindofstopsignalarmthatwarnstrafficofastopinprogress,whichstatesbegantorequireintheearly1950s.A．Horseswereeasytocontrol.B．Notallchosetopainttheirbusesyellow.C．Yellowisquiteeyecatchingtohumanbeings.D．Beforethen,manychildrensimplywalkedtoschool.E．Now,schoolbuseshavehadmanymoreimprovements.F．Still,parentswereincreasinglyconcernedforchildren’ssafety.G．ThisgaveWayneWorksagreatopportunitytoimproveitscarriages.【答案】22．D23．G24．F25．C26．E【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了校车的起源以及其发展的过程。22．根据上文“Thehistoryoftheschoolbuscandatebackto1886whentheWayneWorkspanymadehorsedrawncarriages(四轮马车)knownas“schoolwagons”or“kidhacks”inIndiana.”（校车的历史可以追溯到1886年，当时WayneWorks公司在印第安纳州制造了被称为“学校马车”或“儿童马车”的马车。）可知，讲的是校车的历史。结合选项D项Beforethen,manychildrensimplywalkedtoschool.（在此之前，许多孩子只是步行上学。）可知，承接上文内容，说明校车未出现之前孩子们是如何上学的，上下文紧密连接，符合语境。故选D项。23．根据上文“Intheearly1900s,thecarindustrywasbeginningtodevelopfast.”（20世纪初，汽车工业开始迅速发展。）以及下文“Thepanymanagedtomakeitscarriagespoweredbyengines.”（该公司设法使其马车由发动机驱动。）由此可知，空格处应讨论汽车工业的快速发展给WayneWorks公司带来的影响。结合选项G项ThisgaveWayneWorksagreatopportunitytoimproveitscarriages.（这给了韦恩工厂一个改进车厢的好机会。）可知，起到上下文的承上启下作用，G项中的“improveitscarriages”与下文中的“makeitscarriagespoweredbyengines”相照应。故选G项。24．根据上文“Beforelong,WayneWorksintroducedthefirstallsteelschoolbusbodywithsafetyglasswindows.”（不久，韦恩·沃克推出了第一辆全钢车身和安全玻璃窗的校车。）提到推出了第一辆校车。以及下文“Thisledtoaturningpointinthehistoryoftheschoolbusin1939,whenaconferencewasorganisedatManhattanCollegetodevelopschoolbusstandards.”（这导致了1939年校车历史上的一个转折点，当时在曼哈顿学院组织了一次会议来制定校车标准。）提到曼哈顿学院组织了一次会议来制定校车标准。由此可知，空格处内容应和校车的安全问题有关，结合选项F项Still,parentswereincreasinglyconcernedforchildren’ssafety.（尽管如此，家长们还是越来越担心孩子的安全。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯，符合语境。故选F项。25．根据上文“Thereasonwhythecolorwaschosenwassimple.”（选择这种颜色的原因很简单。）可知，空格处内容应为解释选择该颜色其原因。结合选项C项Yellowisquiteeyecatchingtohumanbeings.（黄色对人类来说是非常引人注目的。）符合此推断，为对上文内容的语意递进，上下文紧密连接。故选C项。26．由空格处位于段首可知，应为本段的主旨句。根据下文“Forexample,avarietyofchangeshavebeenmadetoenabletheschoolbustonotonlybesaferbutalsohavebetterfuel(燃料)economy,beeasiertodrive,etc.Themostcreativeapproachamongalloftheseisprobablyakindofstopsignalarmthatwarnstrafficofastopinprogress,whichstatesbegantorequireintheearly1950s.”（例如，已经做出了各种改变，使校车不仅更安全，而且有更好的燃油经济性，更容易驾驶，等等。在所有这些方法中，最有创意的可能是一种停车信号臂，它可以警告正在进行中的车辆，这是各州在20世纪50年代初开始要求的。）可知，本段主要讲的是列举了对校车的一系列的改进。结合选项E项Now,schoolbuseshavehadmanymoreimprovements.（现在，校车有了更多的改进。）意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选E项。（三）Ifyouthinkofthejobsrobotscouldneverdo,youwouldprobablyputdoctorsandteachersatthetopofthelist.It’seasytoimaginerobotcleanersandfactoryworkers,butsomejobsneedhumanconnectionandcreativity.Butareweunderestimating(低估)whatrobotscando?27Also,somepatientsmightfeelmorefortablesharingpersonalinformationwithamachinethanaperson.28BritisheducationexpertAnthonySeldonthinksso.Andheevenhasadatefortherobottakeoveroftheclassroom:2027.29Andteacherswillbelikeassistants.Intelligentrobotswillreadstudents’facialexpressions,bodymovementsandmaybeevenbrainsignals.Thentheywilladapttheinformationtoeachstudent.It’snotapopularopinionandit’sunlikelyrobotswilleverhaveempathy(同感)andtheabilitytoreallyconnectwithhumanslikeanotherhumancan.Onethingiscertain,though.30Insomepartsoftheworld,therearen’tenoughteachersand916percentofchildrenundertheageof14don’tgotoschool.Thatproblemcouldbepartlysolvedbyrobotsbecausetheycanteachanywhere.Teachersallovertheworldareleavingbecauseitisadifficultjobandtheyfeeloverworked.Perhapsthequestionisnot“Willrobotsreplaceteachers?”but“Howcanrobotshelpteachers?”Officeworkerscanusesoftwaretodothings.31Ifrobotscouldcutthetimeteachersspendmarkinghomeworkandwritingreports,teacherswouldhavemoretimeandenergyforthepartsofthejobhumansdobest.A．Teacherscanbereplacedbyrobots.B．Arobotteacherisbetterthannoteacheratall.C．Teacherswastealotoftimedoingnonteachingwork.D．Hepredictsrobotswilldothemainjoboftransferringinformation.E．Couldtherebeaplaceforrobotsineducationafterall?F．Robotscansavetimethatteachersspendinteachinginclassroom.G．Insomecases,theyalreadyperformbetterthandoctorsatdiagnosing(诊断)illness.【答案】27．G28．E29．D30．B31．C【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了机器人在医生和教师等职业中的潜力，并提出了机器人可能在教室中替代教师的观点。文章指出，虽然机器人可能无法像人类一样建立情感和连接，但它们可以在教育领域发挥重要的辅助作用。27．根据前文“Butareweunderestimating(低估)whatrobotscando?(但我们是否低估了机器人的能力?)”可知，此处提出疑问即我们是否低估了机器人的能力。后文设空处应该对此问题进行回复。G选项“Insomecases,theyalreadyperformbetterthandoctorsatdiagnosing(诊断)illness.(在某些情况下，它们在诊断疾病方面的表现已经超过了医生。)”承接前文，指出在某些情况下，机器人在诊断疾病方面已经超过了医生，回答前文提出的问题，符合语境。故选G。28．根据后文“BritisheducationexpertAnthonySeldonthinksso.Andheevenhasadatefortherobottakeoveroftheclassroom:2027.(英国教育专家AnthonySeldon认为是这样。他甚至还为机器人接管教室定下了日期：2027年。)