02选择性必修三Unit1语法语法不定式做表语（原卷版）

02选择性必修三Unit1语法：语法精讲精练动词不定式做表语一、动词不定式作表语的用法不定式作表语时，主语是以aim,ambition,duty,hope,idea,intention,plan,purpose,suggestion,wish,task,dream,goal,decision等为中心词的名词词组，或以what引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容。一般来说，动词不定式作表语往往表示具体的某个动作，多表示将来。1.表示目的。(2021·全国乙卷)Thefirststepistogoexploring.第一步是去探索。2.表示事态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言。Youmustspeakout,ifwearetoremainfriends.如果我们还想继续做朋友的话.你就必须畅所欲言。Youaretodieatninety­eight.你会在98岁时去世。3.用于第一人称疑问句.表示征求意见。WhatamItodoifIhavenomoney?如果没有钱.我该怎么办呢？4.用于被动语态.相当于can/could,should,oughtto,must.具有情态意义。Youaretoberewarded.你应该受到奖励。(should)5.表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止”等。Theyaretomarrynextweek.他们将在下周结婚。(安排)Childrenarenottosmoke.儿童不准吸烟。(禁止)6.可用主动形式表示被动意义。Agreatdealisyettodo.还有许多事要做。Somethingisstilltofindout.有些东西还有待查明。【即学即练1】完成句子①(2021·浙江卷)Findingasmallneighbourhoodinavastcountryprovedtobeimpossible.在一个辽阔的国家里找一个小社区被证明是不可能的。②_________________iftheyaskmethequestion?要是他们问我这个问题，我该怎么回答呢？③Thesebooks_________________.这些书不应该卖掉。④Inmyopinion,_________________.依我看，她应该受到责备。二、不定式与动名词、分词作表语的区别不定式表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作，而动名词表示通常的情况。表示事物的特征或性质时，表语用现在分词；表示人的内心感受时，表语用过去分词。MydreamistoenterPekingUniversity.我的梦想是考入北京大学。(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.我16岁时的第一份工作是在尤凯亚图书馆工作。Theyaresatisfiedwiththeirpresentjob.他们对现在的工作很满意。Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。【即学即练2】完成句子①Myjobis_________________.我的工作是教你们英语。②Hisdreamis_________________afterhegrowsup.他的梦想是长大后当一名医生。三、主语带do，表语省略to的情况当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式可以省略to。Allyoudonowis(to)pletetheform.你现在要做的是把这张表填好。WhatI’lldois(to)tellherthetruth.我要做的就是告诉她真相。【名师点津】不定式作表语主要有三种情况：一是用于seem,appear,prove,turnout等连系动词之后的不定式(尤其是tobe)；二是用于表示主语与表语“等价”的情形。如：Myjobistosweepthefloor.(我的工作就是擦地板)；三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等。【即学即练3】单句语法填空①Myambitionis_________________(work)intheputerindustrywhenIgrowup.②WhatIwanttodois_________________(work)intheputerindustrywhenIgrowup.③Themostimportantthingthatyouneedtodois_________________(conquer)yourself.④Themostimportantthingis_________________(get)thispanyrunningsmoothly.三、单句语法填空：1.Themottoofthelittleboywhowassufferingfromaseriousdiseasewas__________(live)everydaymerrily.2.WhatIwouldsuggestis__________(put)offtheoutgoingduetotheterribleweather.3.Thoughtheconditionwashard,theonlythingIcandois__________(concentrate)onmystudy.

4.Medicalexpertssaythemosteffectivewaytopreventthespreadofdiseaseisforpeople__________(wash)theirhandswithsoapandwater.5.Allhewantedafteratiringdaywas__________(leave)alonewithouttellinganyone.6.Thepurposeofthisraceis__________(inspire)usstudentstopaymoreattentiontophysicalexercise.7.Istudyextremelyhard.Myfinalaimis__________(go)toTsingHuaUniversity.8.Thepresentsituationinthecountrysideseems__________(improve)daybyday.9.Althoughthepresentsituationisn’tverygood,yourhardworkis__________(reward)inthefuture.10.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains__________(see)whethertheywillenjoyit.11.AllIwanttodois__________(make)moneyandbuyahouseofmyowninthebigcity.12.Shewasborninapoorfamilyandwantedtochangethesituation.Herdreamwas__________(admit)byakeyuniversity.13.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesis__________(make)lifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.14.WhatIwanttodonowis__________(express)mythanksforyoutooffermethejob.15.Ourdifficultywefaceatpresentishow__________(find)thesolution.16.Maryseemed__________(tell)aboutthebadnewswhensheenteredthemeetingroom.17.Ifeelthatitisyourhusbandis__________(blame)forthespoiledchild.18.Itremain___________(see)whetherJimwillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.19.Thenextstepis__________(make)surethatyouknowexactlywhatisrequired.20.Thepurposeofeducationis__________(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren.21.Hewas__________(perish)inashipwreckand__________(leave)awifeandtwochildren.22.Youmustspeakoutwhatyouthink,ifweare__________(remain)friends.23.Youmustbepatientandpersistentifyouare__________(succeed).24.Ourgoalaseducatorsis__________(inspire)studentstopursuetheirpassionsandachievetheirdreams.25.Yourtaskthismorningis__________(inform)allthegueststhatthecelebrationwillbeputoffuntilnextFriday.26.Theaimofthetechnologyis__________(save)timeandhelpcitiestransformthetransportationsystems.27.Hisjobistakingnotesoftheparticipants’speeches,whilehistaskatthatmomentwas__________(prepare)thenecessaryfacilities.28.TolistentoTanDun’smusicis__________(experience)amixofChinesemusicaltraditionsandWesterninfluences.29.Thepurposeoftheprojectwas__________(improve)thetrafficconditioninthiscity.30.Whenyouarefacedwithaseriousdecision,mysuggestionis___________(listen)toyourinnervoice.31.Thegoalofthefundis___________(invest)inscholarshipsthathelpstudentspletetheireducation.32.Thepurposeoftheprogramsupportedbythegovernmentis___________(generate)alotofnewjobs.33.Dr.ZhongNanshanthinksthatthedoctors’dutyis___________(treat)patientsandsavetheirlives.34.Thefirstthingthesoldierwantedtodoafterthewarwas___________(go)backtohisfamily.35.GiventhatthethemeoftheExpowas___________(promote)culturalexchangeandstrengthenmutualcooperation,Dunhuangwastheidealplace.36.Sometimesyouseeasmallthingtoonesideofyou,whichseems____________(disappear)ifyouturnyourheadinitsdirection.37.AccordingtoWuGuanzhong,hisgoalasanartistwas___________(bine)WesternprinciplesofartwithChinesespirit.38.Oneofmybiggestdreamshasalwaysbeen___________(see)thepaintingGirlwithaPearlEarring.39.TolistentoTan’smusicis____________(experience)amixofChinesemusicaltraditionsandWesterninfluences.40.Moreandmorepeoplecametounderstandtheideathattomaintainthebiodiversityis___________(promote)sustainabledevelopment.41.OneofthewaystoimproveyourspokenEnglishis___________(practice)itforhalfanhoureverymorning.42.Itremains____________(see)whetherMengWanzhou,chieffinancialofficerofHuaweiTechnologiesCo.,Ltd.,willbereleasedunconditionally.43.Thecashthepanyhasrecentlyreceivedfromthegovernmentisnotenoughtocoverthedebtremaining___________(pay).44.Beingadocileson,Ididn’targuewithmyparentswhenIwasinelementaryschoolandallIhadtodowas___________(keep)myroomtidyeverytimeattheirsuggestions.45.Difficultasrumoursonsocialmediaare____________(prevent),thegovernmentwillstepupsupervision(监管)sothatpeoplewillnotbeeasilymisled.46.Morethanoneboyofyourmembersistoactintheshortplay,whichis____________(perform)tomorrow.47.Ashewasn’tatthescene,thepolicemancouldn’tdecideforamomentwhowas___________(blame)fortheserioustrafficaccident.48.Withoutfacts,wecan’tformacorrectopinion,forweneedtohaveactualknowledgeonwhich___________(base)ourthinking.49.Lostinthemountainsforthreedays,whatthethreemenwereabletodowas___________(expect)thehelpofhelicopters.50.HeletmewritedownhisinstructionstomakesurethatIwouldknowwhatwas____________(do)afterhewentaway.四、高考真题回顾：1.(重庆卷34)Theenginejustwon’tstart.Somethingseems_________(go)wrongwithit.2.(浙江卷32)Expertsthinkwewon’thavecleanwatertodrinkunlesssomethingisdonesoon,butmuchremains__________(do)aboutenvironmentprotection.五、语篇语法填空：(1)It’sneverbeensoimportant1(spend)timeoutside,andthat’sbecauseit’stheonlyplacetoexperiencedifferentscenesorforthementalandphysicalgood2(provide)byfreshairandexercise.It’snotalwayseasytobe3(motivate),which,however,iswherenaturecollectingcanhelp.Startbylooking4(closely)attheflowersinyourgardenortreesonyourstreetthaneverbefore.Howmanyspeciesorunusual5(feature)canyouspot?Pickupafallenleaforexamineaprettyflower.Allowyourselftimetostop,breathe,switchonyoursensoryantenna(触角)andconnectwiththebiggerpicture.Make6extraefforttolook,listen,smell,touchandtaste.Whenyouformnewhabits,whynotsetyourselfthechallengeofcollectingandidentifying100naturaltreasuresovertheseasons,7(use)somerelevantknowledge?Whenit8(e)todisplayingyourfinds,therearemanymethodstoexplore,fromcontainerdisplays,andpressed­flowerart9otherworksofart.Youcanalsotakephotosormakedrawingsofliveanimals,rareplantsorotheritems,10youthinkneedtostayinthewild,suchasseashellsandpebbles(鹅卵石)onthebeach.Makeitpersonaland,aboveall,enjoy!(2)TraditionalartsandcraftsareoutstandingsamplesofChinese1(culture)heritage.ChinaDailyisrunningtheseries2(show)howmasterartisans(工匠)areusingdedicationandinnovationtoaddnewlifeintotheseageoldheritages.ZouYingzi,3expertofSuembroidery(刺绣)whichoriginates4thegardencityofSuzhouinJiangsuprovinceonce5(work)morethanoneyearonalargepieceofSuembroidery.Shesays“OnlywhenItaketheneedleoutandtouchthesilkthread,Ifeel6(full)fortable.”Justthedaybeforetheinterview,Apiece7(measure)aroundhalfametercantakeheroneyearandahalftoplete.Infact,fromZou’smothertohergrandmothers,allthewomeninherfamilyaregoodatneedlework,particularlySuembroidery,8featuresplexstitches(针脚)andthecreativeuseofsilkthreads9(dye)invariouscolors.Thanksto10(skill)embroiderers(刺绣工),theseelegantartsandcraftscanevolvetofitmodernChineselifestyles.(3)AmongthemanyartsinChinaaretheperformingarts.Likepaintings,sculptures,carvingsandotherphysicalarts,theperformingartsinChinahavealonghistory.Theperformingartsrangefrommartialartslikekungfu1folksongsanddancesthatvarybyregionandarea.TheperformingartsinChinadatebacktoancienttimes2thetribes(部落)tookcontrolofthelandlongbeforetheculturebecamewelldeveloped.Asthecountrybegantounifyandchange,theperformingartsusedelementsofdifferenttribes3(create)harmoniousperformances.Theperformingarts4(find)inChinahaveconstantlygrown,developedandchangedwhilekeepingelementsoftheoriginalart.5(current),performingartslikesinging,actingandthetraditionalChineseOperaholdmanyelements.Theelements6(discover)infolksongsanddanceswithamodernchangethatincludesnewer7(instrument)andtechniques.Chinesearthas8uniqueaspectthatsetsitapartfromothercultures.Becauseseveralgenerationsspendlotsoftime9(develop)it,Chinesearthasadevelopedanduniquedesignthatisa10(significance)partofthecountry’shistory.(4)TherootsoftraditionalChinesepaintingcandatebacktothepaintingsonancientpottery,suchasfiguresofanimals,plantsanddances,6,000—7,000yearsold.Sincesimilartoolsandlineswereused1theearliestpaintingandwriting,Chinesepainting2(say)tohavethesameoriginascalligraphy.Thus,Chinesepaintinghasanoutstandingcharacteristic—poetryorcalligraphyisusedinpaintings,givingpeopleakeenerenjoymentof3(beautiful).Manymurals(壁画),paintings4(do)onwallsordecorativepaintings,canbeseenintombsoftheHan,Tangandother5(dynasty).GuKaizhi,afamouspainteroftheJinDynasty,wasgoodat6(present)historicalthemes.TheTangpainter,WuDaozi,wasanexpertatfigureandscenepainting.TheTangpainters,LiSixunandLiZhaodao,7werefatherandson,usedmineralstopaintscenery.Flower­and­birdpaintingisalsoanimportanttypeoftraditionalChinesepainting.Contemporarypaintershavespecialties.Someonlypaintfiguresofladies,andsomeonlypaintanimals,8evenonekindofanimal.Asaresult,themoretheypaint,the9(good)theirpaintingsbee.ExhibitionsoftheChinesepainting