高考英语 阅读理解之细节理解题

阅读理解（细节理解题）1.（2023·江苏·高三扬州中学模拟测试）Metal-organicframeworks(MOFs)arecompounds(化合物;复合物)thataresettosolvesometoughchallenges:producingwaterinthedesert,removinggreenhousegasesfromtheairandstoringdangerousgasesmoresafely.TheArizonadesertisreallydry.Anyonestuckinitwithoutwaterwoulddiefromdehydration(脱水)withinthreedays,unlesshehadoneofOmarYaghi'snext-generationwaterharvesters,whoisachemistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Althoughdaytimewetnessisonlyabout10percent,thisrisesto40percentatnight,whichmeansthere'senoughwaterintheatmospheretosupportlife-ifitcanbetransformedintoliquidform.That'sexactlywhatYaghi'sinventiondoes.It'saboutthesizeofasmallmicrowaveoven,designedtosuckthewaterfromtheairatnightandturnitintodrinkingwaterthenextdayusingonlytheheatofthesunasitspowersource.WhatmakesitworkisaspecialmaterialcalledaMOF,whichatnormaltemperaturesattractswatermolecules(分子)ontothesurfaceofitsinternalsmallholes.Warmitupandgetthewater,eachharvestproducingone-thirdofacupofpuredrinkingwater."Adevicethesizeofawashingmachinecouldproduceenoughwaterforthebasicneedsofahousehold,"saysYaghi.Thesecrystalline(结晶的)groupsofmetalslinkedbyorganicmoleculescanbemadeintomaterialswithanextremelyhighabsorptionability,attractingspecificmoleculestotheirsurfaces.Inthisway,MOFsclingtoavarietyofliquidsandgases.MOFsworkthankstotheirdistinctivestructure.Infact,oneMOFthesizeofasugarcubehassomanysmallholesthattheywouldcoveranareaaslargeassixfootballfields.MOFsarealsoextremelystable,lightandhavemanydifferentuses:theirmolecularstructurecanbevariedtoattractspecificmolecules.AddingasmallamountofheatorpressurecausestheMOFtogivewhatit'sholding.Morethan70,000differentMOFshavebeenproducedtodateforvariousapplications.1．WhyistheArizonadesertmentionedinthesecondparagraph?A．Tointroducewaterharvesters.B．Tostresstheimportanceofwater.C．Toshowtheseverityofitscondition.D．Toexpresstheurgentneedforwaterthere.2．Whatplaysavitalroleinwaterharvesters?A．Solarenergy.B．Watermolecules.C．Metal-organicframeworks.D．MOFs'internalsmallholes.3．Whichcanexplainthephrase"clingto"underlinedinparagraph4?A．Giveoff.B．Tuminto.C．Holdonto.D．Breakdown.4．Whatwillprobablybecoveredinthefollowingparagraphs?A．ThefutureoftheMOFtechnology.B．OtherusesoftheMOFtechnology.C．TheimprovementtotheMOFtechnology.D．PossiblelimitationsoftheMOFtechnology.【答案】1．A2．C3．C4．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了金属有机骨架(MOFs)的用途，结构和性能。1．推理判断题。由第二段“TheArizonadesertisreallydry.Anyonestuckinitwithoutwaterwoulddiefromdehydration（脱水）withinthreedays.Unless,thatis,theyhadoneofOmarYaghi’snext-generationwaterharvesters.”可知，亚利桑那沙漠非常干燥。任何没有水的人都会在三天内死于脱水。除非他们有奥马尔·亚吉的下一代水收集器，所以奥马尔·亚吉的下一代水收集器可以解决沙漠中缺水的问题。故判断出第二段提到亚利桑那沙漠是为了介绍水收集器。故选A。2．.细节理解题。由第三段“Whatmakesitworkisaspecialmaterialcalledametal-organicframework(MOF)...”可知，使它工作的是一种称为有机框架(MOF)的特殊的材料，所以金属有机框架在水收集器中起着至关重要的作用。故选C。3．词句猜测题。由第四段“Thesecrystallinecluster（结晶群）ofmetals,suchasaluminumormagnesium,linkedbyorganicmoleculescanbemadeintomaterialswithanextremelyhighabsorptionability,attractingspecificmoleculestotheirsurface.Inthisway,MOFsclingtoavarietyofliquidsandgases.”可知，这些由有机分子连接的金属结晶群，例如铝或镁，可制成具有极高吸收能力的材料，将特定分子吸到其表面。可知划线词所在的句子意思是MOF就是通过这种方式紧紧吸附各种液体和气体。第四段中划线词"clingto"意思是holdonto“紧紧抓住”的意思。故选C。4．推理判断题。由最后一段“Morethan70,000differentMOFshavebeenproducedtodateforvariousapplications.”可知迄今为止，已有七万多种不同的MOF被生产用于各类实际应用中，所以我们通过短文最后一段的内容可以判断出，接下来的段落可能会涉及MOF科技的其它用途。故选B。2.（2023·江苏扬州·高三扬州中学期末）Onceacirclemissedawedge(楔子).Thecirclewantedtobewhole,soitwentaroundlookingforitsmissingpiece.Butbecauseitwasincompleteandthereforecouldrollonlyveryslowly,itadmiredtheflowersalongtheway.Itchattedwithworms.Itenjoyedthesunshine.Finallyitfoundapiecethatfitperfectly.Itwassohappy.Nowthatitwasaperfectcircle,itcouldrollveryfast,toofasttonoticeflowersortalktotheworms.Whenitrealizedhowdifferenttheworldseemedwhenitrolledsoquickly,itstopped,leftitsfoundpiecebythesideoftheroadandrolledslowlyaway.Insomestrangesensewearemorewholewhenwearemissingsomething.Themanwhohaseverythingisinsomewaysapoorman.Hewillneverknowwhatitfeelsliketoyearn,tohope,tonourish(滋润)hissoulwiththedreamofsomethingbetter.Hewillneverknowtheexperienceofhavingsomeonewholoveshimgivehimsomethinghehasalwayswantedorneverhad.Thereiswholenessaboutthepersonwhohascometotermswithhislimitations,whohasbeenbraveenoughtoletgoofhisunrealisticdreamsanddoesnotfeellikeafailurefordoingso.Thereiswholenessaboutthemanorwomanwhohaslearnedthatheorsheisstrongenoughtogothroughatragedy(悲剧)andsurvive—heorshecanlosesomeoneandstillfeellikeacompleteperson.Lifeismorelikeabaseballseason,wheneventhebestteamlosesonethirdofitsgamesandeventheworstteamhasitsdaysofbrilliance.Ourgoalistowinmoregamesthanwelose.Whenweacceptthatimperfectionispartofbeinghuman,andwhenwecancontinuerollingthroughlifeandappreciateit,wewillhaveachievedwholenessthatotherscanonlylongfor.5．Whichmaybeanexampleofbeingwhole?A．Apersonhaseverything.B．Apersonacceptshisorherlimitations.C．Apersonlovessomeoneandisloved.D．Apersonfeelsbluefordroppingunrealisticgoals.6．Howisabaseballseasonsimilartolife?A．Easycome,easygo.B．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C．Energyandpersistenceconquerallthings.D．Somebattlesyouwinandsomebattlesyoulose.7．Howdoestheauthorclarifyhisidea?A．Mainlybycomparing.B．Mainlybyreasoning.C．Mainlybyinforming.D．Mainlybyarguing.8．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PursueperfectioninlifeB．BewholeinlifeC．LifewithoutmistakesiswholeD．Nopains,nogains【答案】5．B6．D7．A8．B【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章以一个小故事引出话题——人生不在于完美,而在于完整。5．细节理解题。根据第三段Thereiswholenessaboutthepersonwhohascometotermswithhislimitations,whohasbeenbraveenoughtoletgoofhisunrealisticdreamsanddoesnotfeellikeafailurefordoingso.（人生的完整性在于一个人知道如何面对他的缺陷，如何勇敢地摒弃那些不现实的幻想而又不以此为缺憾）可知一个人接受他或她的缺陷，可能是“完整”的例子。故选B。6．推理判断题。根据最后一段Lifeismorelikeabaseballseason,wheneventhebestteamlosesonethirdofitsgamesandeventheworstteamhasitsdaysofbrilliance.Ourgoalistowinmoregamesthanwelose.（人生更像是一个棒球赛季，即使最好的球队也会输掉三分之一的比赛，而最差的球队也有春风得意的时候。我们的目标是赢的比赛比输的多）可知棒球赛季和生活的相似之处在于你有输有赢。故选D。7．推理判断题。第二段内容(人生“完美”的人)和第三段内容(人生完整的人)作对比;最后一段又拿baseballseason和life作比较,因此作者主要是通过作对比和作比较的方法来澄清他的观点的。故选A。8．主旨大意题。本文作者通过圆和楔子的小故事感悟出这样的道理:从某种奇怪的意义上讲,当我们失去某些东西的时候,我们反而会更加完整,人生不在于完美而在于完整。因此不管是从故事内容还是从其诠释的人生哲理上，B项“完整的生命”作标题是最佳的。故选B。3.（2023·福建省永春第一中学阶段练习）JeremyfromAmericacannotunderstandwhyaladyhemetoutsidetheHydeParkinLondonsaid,“Ooh,isn’titcold?”,andhethinksofthisbehaviourasadistinctivelyEnglishconcernabouttheweather.Infact,thefemalewasjusttryingtostrikeupaconversationwithJeremy.Notnecessarilyalongconversation—justanexchangeofgreetings.Itisnotalwaysquitethatobvious,butallEnglishweatherconversationshaveadistinctivestructureconductedaccordingtounwrittenbutacceptedrules.Theunpredictablenatureofourweatherensuresthatthereisalwayssomethingnewtocommenton,orperhapsmostimportantly,agreeabout.Wehavealreadyestablishedthatweather-speakgreetingslike“Cold,isn’tit?”requiretheresponseexpressingagreement,asin“Yes,isn’tit?”.Itwouldbeveryrudetorespondwith“No,actuallyit’squitemild.”or“It’sprettyhottome.”Ifyoudeliberatelybreaktherule,youwillfindthattheatmospherebecomesrathertenseandawkward.Theremaybeanuncomfortablesilence.Mostlikely,theywilleitherchangethesubjectorcontinuetalkingabouttheweatheramongthemselvespolitely,ifcoldly,ignoringyourfauxpas.Thereis,however,onesituationinwhichEnglishweather-speakersarenotrequiredtoobservetheagreementruleatallandthatisthemale-bondingargument,particularlythepub-argument.Inthespecialenvironmentofthepub,constantdisagreementnotjustontheweather,butoneverythingelseaswellisameansofexpressingfriendship.Whilewemayspendmuchofourtimecomplainingaboutourweather,foreignersarenotallowedtocriticizeit.Indeed,thisbringsustotheweatherasfamilyrule.Inthisrespect,wetreattheEnglishweatherlikeamemberofourfamily:onecancomplainaboutthebehaviorofone’sownchildrenorparents,butanyblamefromanoutsiderisunacceptable.TheweathermaybeoneofthefewthingsaboutwhichtheEnglisharestillunconsciouslyandunashamedlypatriotic（爱国的）.9．WhydidtheladycommentontheweathertoJeremy?A．Tobuildupfriendship.B．Tobeginacasualchat.C．Tosendseasonalgreetings.D．Toexpressdissatisfaction.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“fauxpas”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Improperresponse.B．Carelessattitude.C．Rudeinterruption.D．Frequentcomplaint.11．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Malebondinginpubs.B．Argumentaboutweather.C．Exceptiontotheagreementrule.D．Makingfriendsbydisagreement.12．Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A．PolitenessTipsforForeignersB．AcceptedRulesinSocialLifeC．EnglishPolitenessinWeatherConversationD．HiddenRulesofEnglishWeatherConversation【答案】9．B10．A11．C12．D【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述英国人在谈论天气时是按照未成文但被人们普遍接受的规则进行的，谈论天气是英国人一种独有的情怀。9．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Infact,thefemalewasjusttryingtostrikeupaconversationwithJeremy.Notnecessarilyalongconversation—justanexchangeofgreetings.”可知，实际上这名女性只是想与Jeremy搭一下话。不必是长时间的对话，只是互相问好。因此这位女士对Jeremy评论天气是为了开始一个随便的聊天。故选B。10．短语猜测题。根据第二段中的“Theunpredictablenatureofourweatherensuresthatthereisalwayssomethingnewtocommenton,orperhapsmostimportantly,agreeabout.”可知，我们天气的不可预测性确保我们始终有新的东西可以评论，或者说最重要的是要达成对天气的共识。由此可知，人们在谈论天气时，双方往往会有一致的看法。由“Ifyoudeliberatelybreaktherule,youwillfindthattheatmospherebecomesrathertenseandawkward.Theremaybeanuncomfortablesilence.”可知，如果你故意违反规则，你会发现气氛变得非常紧张和尴尬。可能会有不舒服的沉默。因此说话双方就要做出选择，即下文的“他们很可能会改变话题，或者继续礼貌地谈论天气”。如果对话氛围不好的话，他们自然会忽略你的回应。因此，这说明你的回应是不合适的，即违背了人们默认的规则。即划线短语意为“不当的回应”。故选A。11．段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Thereis,however,onesituationinwhichEnglishweather-speakersarenotrequiredtoobservetheagreementruleatallandthatisthemale-bondingargument,particularlythepub-argument.Inthespecialenvironmentofthepub,constantdisagreementnotjustontheweather,butoneverythingelseaswellisameansofexpressingfriendship.”可知，有一种情况下，英国谈论天气的人不需要遵守规则，这是发生在男人小圈子里的，尤其是在酒吧。在酒吧的特殊环境中，天气上的不断的分歧和在其他所有方面的分歧都是表达友谊的一种手段。即第3段主要讲的是遵守天气对话规则的例外。故选C。12．标题判断题。通读全文尤其是第一段的“allEnglishweatherconversationshaveadistinctivestructureconductedaccordingtounwrittenbutacceptedrules.”可知，所有关于天气的对话都是按照未成文但被人们普遍接受的规则进行的。文章接下来具体地对该规则进行了解释，因此本文的最佳标题是“英国人天气对话的潜规则”。故选D。4.（2023·河南·郑州外国语学校高三期末）OccupationalLicenseswiththeBiggestBangforBuckSome1.8millionAmericanwerelaidoffordischargedfromtheirjobseachmonthonaveragein2019,accordingtodatafromtheU.S.BureauofLaborstatistics.Peoplewholosetheirjobsoftenconfrontadifficultchoice:shouldtheytakeanewjobthatpaysless,orshouldtheymakeacostlyinvestmentingainingnewskillssothattheycancompeteforanothersimilarjoboranevenbetterone?Iftheydodecideonretraining,whichprogramsandoccupationallicensesareworththeirwhile?Ingeneral,thehighest-payingjobstendtohavethemostdifficulteducation/trainingandexperiencerequirements.Butthatisnotalwaysthecase.Thefollowingarefiveoccupationallicenseswiththebiggestbangforyourbuck.DronePilots:Ifyouwanttobecomeadronepilot,allyouneedtodoisbeabove16yearsold,passtheFederalAviationAdministration'sRemotePilotCertificateexam(whichrequiresabout15to20hoursofstudying),andpaya$150licensingfee.Payfordronepilotsaverages$56,426peryear,andjobsaregrowingrapidlyacrossarangeofindustries.Forexample,companieslikeUPSaremakingsubstantialinvestmentsindronedeliveryandwillneedtohirethousandsofdronepilotsinthecomingyears.HomeInspectors:Ifyouneedajobthatmakesabout$60Kperyear,youmightwanttoconsiderbecomingaHomeInspector.BothHomeInspectorsandHVACContractorsearnabout$61Kperyear,onaverage,butgettingastateHVACContractorlicensetypicallyrequiresabout4,000hoursoftrainingandexperience(thosesystemsarebecomingevenmorecomplex),whereasaHomeInspectorlicenseonlyrequires360hoursoftrainingandexperience,andmuchofthetrainingcanbegainedfreeofchargeonthejob.MassageTherapists:Onaverage,Manicurists/PedicuristsarerequiredtocompletemorehoursoftrainingthanMassageTherapists(700hoursversus500hours),butMassageTherapistsearnalmosttwiceasmuch,onaverage($54,639versus$32,509).RadiologicTechnologists:Licensingrequirementsforcosmetologists（美容师）havebecomesoonerousthatcandidatesnowneed2,700hoursoftrainingandexperienceonaverage.That'snotmuchlessthantherequirementforbecomingaRadiologicorMRITechnologist(3,300hours),ajobwhichisgrowingconsiderablyfasterthanaverage,ismorerecession-proof,andpaystwiceasmuch($56,162versus$28,608).DentalHygienists:Amongjobsthatrequireatwo-yearassociate'sdegreegrantedbyacollegeoruniversity,somepaysubstantiallymorethanothers.TheaveragestatelicensingfeeforbecomingaDentalHygienistisahefty$1,600,butthepaybumpyou'llreceivewilllikelymakeupforittentimesoverinthefirstyear.13．Theunderlinedexpression"thebiggestbangforyourbuck"inParagraph2probablymeans________.A．thejoblossforyourhesitationtoinvestB．agoodincomeresultingfromyourskillsC．agoodreturnforthemoneyyouhavespentD．thegreateffortsyou'dmaketochangeyourlife.14．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Amongthedroneoperators,thosewhoworkfordeliveryservicescanearnthemost.B．Comparedtoahomeinspector,beinganHVACContractorismorecost-effective.C．AsanMRItechnologist,you'dbelesslikelytobejoblessduringaneconomiccrisis.D．Highereducationisn'tacompulsoryrequirementifyouwanttobeadentalhygienist.15．Whichofthefollowingmatchingforthechartiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A．①RadiologicTechnologist;②Cosmetologist;③GeneralContractorB．①DronePilot;②GeneralContractor;③DentalHygienistsC．①MessageTherapist;②RadiologicTechnologist;③CosmetologistD．①DronePiolt;②Cosmetologist;③RadiologicTechnologist【答案】13．C14．C15．D【分析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了五种含金量最高的职业执照。13．词义猜测题。结合下文对五种职业的介绍得知，五种职业执照的获得都需要花费一定的学习和费用，但获得执照后得到的工作的薪资是无比诱人的。据此可知，黑体字表达的意思为花的钱少，但回报多。选项C充分表达了这个含义。故选C。14．细节理解题。根据DronePilots段落的内容介绍，文章提到了无人机操作员的薪水，并未对做与此工作相关的职业进行比较。选项A.：在无人机操作员中，那些从事送货服务的人可以赚到最多的钱。在文中并未提及。结合HomeInspectors段落，根据BothHomeInspectorsandHVACContractorsearnabout$61Kperyear,onaverage,butgettingastateHVACContractorlicensetypicallyrequiresabout4,000hoursoftrainingandexperience(thosesystemsarebecomingevenmorecomplex),whereasaHomeInspectorlicenseonlyrequires360hoursoftrainingandexperience,andmuchofthetrainingcanbegainedfreeofchargeonthejob.房屋检查员和HVAC承包商平均每年赚61000美元，但获得州HVAC承包商执照通常需要4000小时的培训和经验(这些系统正变得更加复杂)，而房屋检查员执照只需要360小时的培训和经验，大部分培训可以在工作中免费获得。可知做房屋检查员比做暖通空调承包商更划算。选项B：和房屋检查员相比，做暖通空调承包商更划算。和文意不符。结合RadiologicTechnologists段落，根据That'snotmuchlessthantherequirementforbecomingaRadiologicorMRITechnologist(3,300hours),ajobwhichisgrowingconsiderablyfasterthanaverage,ismorerecession-proof,andpaystwiceasmuch($56,162versus$28,608).这并不比成为一名放射科或核磁共振技师(3300小时)的要求低多少，（核磁共振技师）这份工作的增长速度远远超过平均水平，更能抵御经济衰退的影响，而且报酬是平均水平的两倍(56162美元对28608美元)。可知，成为了核磁技术专家，能抵御经济衰退的影响。换句话说，核磁技术专家不太可能失业。选项C：作为核磁共振技术专家，在经济危机期间，你不太可能失业。与文章意义相符。结合DentalHygienists的介绍：Amongjobsthatrequireatwo-yearassociate'sdegreegrantedbyacollegeoruniversity,somepaysubstantiallymorethanothers.TheaveragestatelicensingfeeforbecomingaDentalHygienistisahefty$1,600,butthepaybumpyou'llreceivewilllikelymakeupforittentimesoverinthefirstyear.在那些需要学院或大学授予的两年制大专文凭的工作中，有些工作的薪水要比其他工作高得多。成为牙结石清除专家术的平均费用是1600美元，但是第一年你会得到10倍的加薪。可知，成为牙结石清除专家，大学教育是必须的，会让你的薪水加薪。选项D：如果你想成为一名牙结石清除专家，高等教育不是必修课。和文章意义不符。据此，可知选项C符合题意。故选C。15．细节理解题。结合第三段Ifyouwanttobecomeadronepilot,allyouneedtodoisbeabove16yearsold,passtheFederalAviationAdministration'sRemotePilotCertificateexam(whichrequiresabout15to20hoursofstudying),andpaya$150licensingfee.Payfordronepilotsaverages$56,426peryear,如果你想成为一名无人机飞行员，你只需要年满16岁，通过联邦航空管理局的远程飞行员证书考试(需要15至20小时的学习)，并支付150美元的执照费。无人机驾驶员的年薪平均为56426美元。可知，成为无人机飞行员，需要花费150美元的执照费，15至20小时的学习，无人机驾驶员的年薪平均为56426美元,；结合第六段Licensingrequirementsforcosmetologists（美容师）havebecomesoonerousthatcandidatesnowneed2,700hoursoftrainingandexperienceonaverage.That'snotmuchlessthantherequirementforbecomingaRadiologicorMRITechnologist(3,300hours),ajobwhichisgrowingconsiderablyfasterthanaverage,ismorerecession-proof,andpaystwiceasmuch($56,162versus$28,608).

美容师的执照要求变得如此艰巨，以至于现在的申请者平均需要2700小时的培训和经验。这并不比成为一名放射科或核磁共振技师(3300小时)的要求低多少，）（核磁共振技师）这份工作的增长速度远远超过平均水平，更能抵御经济衰退的影响，而且报酬是平均水平的两倍(56162美元对美元)。可知道美容师的学时要求需要2700小时的培训和经验；薪水为28608美元；核磁共振技师需要3300小时的学习和培训，薪水为56162美元；据此，结合图像可知，①为无人机驾驶员，②为美容师，③为核磁共振技师。选项D符合题意。故选D。5.（2023·黑龙江大庆·高三铁人中学校考期末）Technologyissupposedtomakeourliveseasier,allowingustodothingsmorequicklyandefficiently.Buttoooftenitseemstomakethingsharder.Thisincreaseincomplexity,oftencalled"featurecreep,"costsconsumerstime,butitalsocostsbusinessmoney.ProductreturnsintheU.S.costahundredbilliondollarsayear,andarecentstudybyElkedenOuden,ofPhilipsElectronics,foundthatatleasthalfofreturnedproductshavenothingwrongwiththem.Consumersjustcouldn'tfigureouthowtousethem.Companiesnowknowagreatdealaboutproblemsofusabilityandconsumerbehavior,sowhyisitthatfeaturecreepprovesunstoppable?Inpart,fieaturecreepistheproductoftheso-calledinternal-audienceproblem:thepeoplewhodesignandsellproductarenottheoneswhobuyandusethem,andwhatengineersandmarketersthinkisimportantisnotnecessarilywhat'sbestforconsumers.Theengineerstendnottonoticewhenmoreoptionsmakeaproductlessusable.Andmarketingandsalesdepartmentsseeeachadditionalfeatureasanewsellingpoint,andanewwaytoattractcustomers.Youmightthink,then,thatcompaniescouldavoidfieaturecreepbyjustpayingattentiontowhatcustomersreallywant.Butthat'swherethetroublebegins,becausealthoughconsumersfindoverloadedgadgets（配件）unmanageable,theyalsofindthemattractive.Itturnsoutthatwhenwelookatanewproductinastorewetendtothinkthatthemorefeaturesthereare,thebetter.Itisonlyoncewegettheproducthomeandtrytouseitthatwerealizethevirtuesofsimplicity.Itseemsstrangethatwedon'texpectfeaturetirednessandthusavoidit.But,asnumerousstudieshaveshown,peoplearenot,ingeneral,goodatpredictingwhatwillmakethemhappyinthefuture.Asaresult,wewillpaymoreformorefeaturesbecausewesystematicallyoverestimatehowoftenwe'llusethem.Wealsooverestimateourabilitytofigureouthowacomplicatedproductworks.Thefactthatbuyerswantbellsandwhistlesbutuserswantsomethingclearandsimplecreatesanunusualproblemforcompanies.Aproductthatdoesn'thaveenoughfeaturesmayfailtocatchoureyeinthestore.Butaproductwithtoomanyfeaturesislikelytoannoyconsumers.16．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlydiscuss?A．Thebenefitsbroughtbytheadvancedtechnology.B．TherecentstudyconductedbyElkedenOuden.C．Thelosscausedbythefeaturecreepoftechnology.D．Manyproblemsofusabilityknownbytheconsumers.17．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothesecondparagraph?A．Itistheaudienceproblemthatleadstofeaturecreep.B．Whatmatterstodesignersandmarketersisnotgoodforconsumers.C．Featurecreepbringsblessingstothepeopleinmarketingandsales.D．Theengineerswillnotpayattentiontothequalityoftheproduct18．Whatdoweknowaboutthebuyersinparagraph4?A．Theyaredeeplyconvincedthatalltheproductsworkinsimpleway.B．Theyarefedupwiththemoreandmorefeaturesoftheproducts.C．Theyaretooconfidentoftheirabilitytousethecomplicatedproducts.D．Theyarequiteclearabouttheproductswhichwillmakethemhappy.19．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．SayingNotoFeatureCreepisNoEasyThingB．Feature-heavyProductsinDemandC．TheMoreFeatures,theBetterD．SimplicityOutweighsComplexity【答案】16．C17．C18．C19．A【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科技的“功能蔓延”是不可阻挡的，拒绝“功能蔓延”不是一件容易的事情。16．主旨大意题。根据第一段内容，特别是“Thisincreaseincomplexity,oftencalled"featurecreep,"costsconsumerstime,butitalsocostsbusinessmoney.”可知，“功能蔓延”不但消耗消费者的时间，而且还消耗企业的资金，由此可知，本段主要讲的是技术的“功能蔓延”造成的损失，故C项正确。17．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Andmarketingandsalesdepartmentsseeeachadditionalfeatureasanewsellingpoint,andanewwaytoattractcustomers.”可知，营销和销售人员把它看作一个新的卖点，一个吸引顾客的新方法，由此可知，“功能蔓延”给营销和销售人员带来福音，故C项正确。18．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Wealsooverestimateourabilitytofigureouthowacomplicatedproductworks.”可知，购买者高估了自己理解复杂产品工作原理的能力，也就是说他们对自己使用复杂产品的能力过于自信，故C项正确。19．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“sowhyisitthatfeaturecreepprovesunstoppable?”可知，本文从设计者和消费者的角度介绍了科技的“功能蔓延”是不可阻挡的，拒绝“功能蔓延”不是一件容易的事情，故A项正确。6.（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·高三哈师大附中校考期末）DutchauthorMariekeLucasRijneveldhasbecomeoneoftheyoungestwriterstobeshortlisted（列入候选）foraBookerprize,aftertheirdebutnovel（处女作）madethefinalline-upfortheInternationalBooker.Rijneveld.arisingstarinDutchliterature,is28―lightlyolderthanBritishauthorDaisyJohnsonwaswhenshewasshortlistedfortheBookerprizein2018age27.Theauthor,whoidentifiesasmaleandusesthepronounsthey/them,wasshortlistedafterasix-hourvirtual(虚拟的)judgingmeetingforthe£50,000prize,whichissharedequallybetweenwriterandtranslator,forTheDiscomfortofEvening,translatedbyMicheleHutchison.Thenovel,tellsofagirlwhosebrotherdiesinaskatingaccidentanddrawsfromRijneveld’sownexperiences:whentheywerethree,their12-year-oldbrotherwasknockedoverandkilledbyabus.“Rijneveld’slanguagerenders(重现)theworldagain,revealingtheshocksandviolenceofearlyyouththroughtheangleofaDutchdairyfarm.Thestrangenessofachildlookingatthestrangenessoftheworldisinit,”saidjudgesofthework.“TheDiscomfortofEveningisoneofsixnovelsintherunningfortheInternationalBooker,eachofwhich,”saidchairofjudgesTedHodgkinson,“restlesslyreinvents（重塑）receivednarratives,fromfoundationalmythstofamilyfolklore,plungingusintodiscomfitinganddelightfulencounterswithselvesinastateoftransition(过渡)”.Hodgkinsonchairedapanel（专家组）offivejudgeswhoselectedtheshortlistfrom124submissions.Thecoronaviruspandemicmeanttheirmeetinghadtobevirtual,butHodgkinsonsaidheandhispanelstillmanagedtodiscusstheline-upformorethansixhours.Thewinnerwillbeannouncedon19May.20．Wecanlearnfromthe2ndparagraphthat_____________.A．Rijneveldisayoungmalewriter.B．RijneveldandthetranslatorMicheleHutchisonwillsharethe$50,000prize.C．DaisyJohnsonwastheyoungestwritershortlistedforaBookerprizethisyear.D．TheDiscomfortofEveningispartlyadaptedfromRijneveld’sownexperiences.21．Whichcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Rijneveld’sbrotherdiedfromaskatingaccident.B．ThejudgesoftheworkspeakhighlyofRijneveld’slanguage.C．SixnovelsrevealtheshocksandviolenceofearlyyouthonaDutchdairyfarm.D．Hodgkinsonandhispanelwereunhappytodiscusstheline-uponlineforoversixhours.22．Whydidthepanelhaveavirtualjudgingmeeting?A．Becauseofthecoronaviruspandemic.B．Becausethereweretoomanysubmissions.C．Becauseitwasmoreeffectiveonline.D．Becausethejudgeslivestoofarawayfromeachother.23．Whatisthemostsuitabletitleofthepassage?A．BookerprizewinnerwillbeannouncedB．Rijneveld,oneofthemostyoungestBookerwinnerC．InternationalBookerprizeshortlistledby28-year-old’sdebutD．TheDiscomfortofEveninganovelrunningfortheInternationalBooker【答案】20．D21．B22．A23．C【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一部由作者改编自身经历的处女作领跑国际布克奖入围没那个单。评审团对这部小说给予高度评价。20．细节理解题。由第二段“Thenovel,tellsofagirlwhosebrotherdiesinaskatingaccidentanddrawsfromRijneveld’sownexperiences:whentheywerethree,their12-year-oldbrotherwasknockedoverandkilledbyabus.”可知，小说讲述了一个女孩的弟弟在一次滑冰事故中丧生的故事，取材于Rijneveld自己的经历:在他们三岁的时候，他们12岁的弟弟被一辆公共汽车撞倒并丧生。可见，这部小说改编于作者本身的经历。故选D项。21．细节理解题。由第三段“Rijneveld’slanguagerenders(重现)theworldagain,revealingtheshocksandviolenceofearlyyouththroughtheangleofaDutchdairyfarm.”可知，Rijneveld的语言再次呈现了这个世界，从一个荷兰奶牛场的角度揭示了早期青少年的震惊和暴力。评委说Rijneveld的语言再次呈现了世界，可见评委对这部小说的语言是高度赞扬的。故选B项。22．细节理解题。由最后一段“Thecoronaviruspandemicmeanttheirmeetinghadtobevirtual,butHodgkinsonsaidheandhispanelstillmanagedtodiscusstheline-upformorethansixhours.”可知，冠状病毒大流行意味着他们的会议必须是虚拟的，但霍奇金森说，他和他的评审小组仍然讨论了6个多小时的排名。这里可以直接看出来，评审会因为冠状病毒而不得不进行虚拟会议。故选A项。23．主旨大意题。由第一段“DutchauthorMariekeLucasRijneveldhasbecomeoneoftheyoungestwriterstobeshortlisted（列入候选）foraBookerprize,aftertheirdebutnovel（处女作）madethefinalline-upfortheInternationalBooker.”可知，荷兰作家MariekeLucasRijneveld成为入围布克奖的最年轻作家之一，此前他们的处女作进入了国际布克奖的决赛名单。结合全文，这篇文章不仅仅介绍了作者，也介绍了他们的获奖的这部处女作。故选C项。7.（2023·浙江·德清县高级中学校考模拟预测）TheurgencyandimportanceofCovid-19over(hepastyearhavedrivenalmosteverythingelsefrommostleaders5minds.Butsincethevaccineiskickingin,Britain'sgovernmentisonceagainbeginningtothinkaboutthethingsthatwillmatterlater.Nextweek,itisexpectedtopublisha'planforgrowth“toboostproductivity,withinnovationatitscentre.Theworldmaybeonthepointofatechnologicalboomwithlifesciences,atwhichBritainexcels.Innovationiscrucialtoproductivity,butonthisfrontBritain'sperformancehaslaggedbehinditscompetitors'inrecentyears.Itslowspen