北京第五中学新高考英语一模试卷及答案解析

北京第五中学新高考英语一模试卷考生请注意：1．答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内，不得在试卷上作任何标记。2．第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后，需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内，第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。3．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Mikeislookingforanotherjobbecausehefeelsthatnothinghedoeshisboss.A．serves B．satisfiesC．promises D．supports2．Janeestablishedaprogram,____youngpeopletotakepartinactivities____promotegreaterconcernfortheenvironment．A．toencourage;where B．havingencouraged;whereC．encouraging;that D．encouraged;which3．__________himnottodoso,hewouldn’thavemadesuchaseriousmistake.A．DidIpersuade B．IfIpersuadeC．IfIshouldpersuade D．HadIpersuaded4．________youhaveseenheispoor,youshouldunderstandwhyhehastotakeuptwopart-timejobs.A．Aslongas B．UnlessC．Nowthat D．While5．Sympathyfortherebels,thegovernmentclaimed,isbeginningto______becauseofmoreandmoreharmtheydidtocommonpeople.A．fade B．decline C．fail D．collapse6．--DidJimcome?--Idon’tknow.He_______whileIwasout.A．mighthavecome B．mightcomeC．musthavecome D．shouldhavecome7．-Couldyoupassmethesugar,please?-OK,____A．nevermindB．soundsgreatC．hereyougoD．thereitis8．publicbicycleswithamobileappismoreconvenientforusers.A．TounlockB．UnlockC．UnlockedD．Unlocking9．Eithersideseemstohavea(n)_________position;therearestillmanyuncertaintiesonthisissue.A．ambiguous B．delicate C．explicit D．confidential10．Itisbelievedthatmanymorepopularterms________ontheInternetthisyear.A．willbecreated B．havecreatedC．arecreated D．arecreating11．Ifweforgavecriminals,wemightbecomeasocietyofendlessexcuses_____nooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything．A．which B．where C．when D．as12．Ithinkyoucouldcomplain,_______,ofcourse,youarehappywiththewaythingsare.A．unless B．that C．which D．where13．Totellthetruth,IwouldratherI________thepaininsteadofyou.Youdon’tknowhowworriedIwas.A．took B．hadtakenC．havetaken D．shouldhavetaken14．“Cellphone”isaAmericanusage，butBritishspeakersalwaysuse“mobilephone”．A．normal B．common C．formal D．usual15．Sincethematchisover,wecan____bytravellingandstopthinkingaboutbasketball.A．diveinB．switchoffC．pulloutD．splitup16．Itisnotonlyblindmenwhomakesuchstupidmistakes.Peoplewhocanseesometimesact__________.A．justfoolishlyB．lessfoolishlyC．asfoolishlyD．sofoolishly17．Mymomonceworkedinaverysmallvillageschool,whichis__________onlyonfoot.A．acceptable B．adequate C．accessible D．appropriate18．__willIgiveup.IbelieveIcanmanageit.A．AtonceB．AtnotimeC．RightnowD．Theinstant19．Thedrumsofwararebeatingonceagain.AstensionsrisebetweenAmericaandIran,Chinaappealstobothsidesto________.A．standby B．comealongC．stepback D．sticktogether20．—Whatshallwedotonightthen?—,whateveryouwant.A．Helpyourself B．It’sadealC．Noproblem D．It’suptoyou第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Herearesomeappsthatmaybehelpfultoyou.Linktotheappsandyoucanmanageyourcourseload,prepareforexamsandevengetyoutoclassontime.RescueTimeRescueTimeoffersadetailedlookathowyou’vespentyourtime—thegoodandthebad.Thisdesktopapplicationrunsinthebackground,trackingeverythingyoudoonyourcomputer,anddeliversareportonhowyou’respendingyourtime.Thefreeversiontracksthetimeyouspendonwebsitesandapplications,letsyousetgoalsandsendsweeklyreports.At$9permonth,itaddstheabilitytotracktimeawayfromyourcomputerandletsyoublockwebsitesthatmayaffectyourproductivity.MathAlarmWanttomakesureyougettoclassontimeandsqueezeinalittleextramathpracticeaswell?That’sexactlywhatMathAlarm,afreeiOSapp,canhelpyoudo.Setthealarmforthetimeyouneedtorise,andyou’llhavetoansweramathprobleminordertoturnitoff.Theproblemsaren’ttrickybuttheyareenoughtoawakeyourbrainsothatyou’remorelikelytowakeup.CliffsNotesTeachershatethem,studentslovethem.TheCliffsNotesStudyGuideappisfreeforiOSdevices,butactuallyavailableonlyforsomecontemporarywell-knownnovels.Ifyourcourseloadincludesanotherclassicnovel,you’llhavetopay$2foreachstudyguideyouneed.Theavailabletitlesincludeawideselection,rangingfromTheOutsiderstoParadiseLostandTheirEyesWereWatchingGod,butstudentsinneedofhelpwithsomelesserknowntitlesmaybeoutofluck.1、WhatextrahelpcanstudentsgetfromRescueTime’spaidservice?A．Itcanhelpyoublockwebsitesthatcandistracttheirattention.B．Itcankeeptrackofthetimewhentheysurfthewebsites.C．Itcansendaweeklyreporttotheirparents.D．Itcanhelpthestudentstosetpropergoal.2、WhatcanwelearnaboutMathAlarm?A．WithoutaMathAlarm,you’llbelateforschoo1.B．Youcansetyouralarmbyansweringamathproblem.C．Youhavetosolveamathproblembeforeturningitoff.D．Itcanhelpyousolvecomplexmathproblems.3、What’sthedisadvantageoftheCliffNotesStudyGuideapp?A．Itonlycoversthreefamousbooks.B．Itisforbiddentousebytheteachers.C．Itchargestoomuchforeachnovel.D．Itonlycontainsthosecontemporarywell-knownnovels.22．（8分）TheNobelPrizeWinnersinLiteratureRabindranathTagore(1913)Prizemotivation:“becauseofhisprofoundlysensitive,freshandbeautifulverse(诗歌),bywhich,withconsummateskill,hehasmadehispoeticthought,expressedinhisownEnglishwords,apartoftheliteratureoftheWest”WilliamFaulkner(139)Prizemotivation:“forhispowerfulandartisticallyuniquecontributiontothemodernAmericannovel”SirWinstonLeonardSpencerChurchill(143)Prizemotivation:“forhismasteryofhistoricalandbiographicaldescriptionaswellasforbrilliantoratory(演讲)indefendingexaltedhumanvalues.”ErnestMillerHemingway(144)Prizemotivation:“forhismasteryoftheartofnarrative,mostrecentlydemonstratedinTheOldManandtheSea,andfortheinfluencethathehasexertedoncontemporarystyle.”JohnSteinbeck(1962)Prizemotivation:“forhisrealisticandimaginativewritings,combiningastheydosympathetichumorandkeensocialperception.”ClaudeSimon(1985)Prizemotivation:“whoinhisnovelcombinesthepoet’sandthepainter’screativenesswithadeepenedawarenessoftimeinthedepictionofthehumancondition.”MoYan(2012)Prizemotivation:“whowithhallucinatory(幻觉般的)realismmergesfolktales,historyandthecontemporary.”BobDylan(2016)Prizemotivation:“forhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition.”1、WhichwriterwonNobelPrizeforhispoetry?A．WilliamFaulkner.B．BobDylan.C．RabindranathTagore.D．ClaudeSimon.2、WhichwriterwonNoblePrizemostlyforhisspecificwork?A．ErnestHemingway.B．JohnSteinbeck.C．WilliamFaulkner.D．WinstonChurchill.3、Whoseworkswillyouturntoifyouareinterestedinasong-writingNobelPrizewinner?A．MoYan’s.B．BobDylan’s.C．ClaudeSimon’s.D．RabindranathTagore’s.4、Whodescribedreallifeexperiencesinhishistoricworks?A．JohnSteinbeck.B．MoYan.C．ErnestHemingway.D．WinstonChurchill.23．（8分）ManyofushavewonderedwhatEarthislikebeneaththesurface.Sohavewritersandscientists.InFrenchnovelistJulesVerne’smasterpieceJourneytotheCenteroftheEarth,explorersgodowntoEarth’scenteranddiscoveramazingwonders.Butinreallife,humanbeingshaven’tevencomeclosetotheplanet’score(核心).Thecoreisover6,000kmdown.Thedeepestholeevercreated,accordingtotheBBC,istheKolaSuperdeepBoreholeinRussia,whichonlygoes12.3kmdown.Sohowdoweknowabouteverythingdownbelowwithoutanysamples？OnegoodwaytostartistothinkabouttheEarth’sdensity(密度),SimonRedfernoftheUniversityofCambridgeintheUKtoldtheBBC．“ThedensityofthematerialonEarth’ssurfaceismuchlowerthantheaveragedensityofthewholeEarth,sothattellsusthere’ssomethingthathasgreaterdensity,”Redfernsaid.Thechallengeistofindoutwhichheavymaterialsthecoreismadeof.Andthemainmaterialscientistshavefoundisiron.TheideaisthatwhenEarthformed4.5billionyearsago,alotofironmadeitswaydowntothecore,takingupabout80percentofit.Todayscientistsarestillworkingonfindingoutwhichothermaterialsthecorecouldbemadeupof.Youmightalsowonderhowweknowthesizeofthecore.There’saone-wordanswer:seismology(地震学).Whenanearthquakehappens,seismicstationsaroundtheworldrecordtheshockwavesitsendsthroughouttheplanet.It’slikehittingonesideoftheplanetwithahugehammerandlisteningontheothersideforthenoise.Earlyresearchfoundthatsomeshockwaves,called“S-waves”,wentmissing.S-wavescanonlytravelthroughsolidmaterial,butnotthroughliquid,sotheymusthavefoundsomethingmolteninEarth’scenter.ByfollowingtheS-waves’paths,scientistsfoundoutthatrocksbecameliquidaround3,000kmdown.TherearestillmanyquestionsabouttheEarth’scoretoanswer.Butthestudyofthedarkworldbelowisn’tjustforscientists’curiosity.ThemovementofEarth’smoltenironcorebuildsupapowerfulmagnetic(有磁力的)field.ItprotectsusfromradiationfromthesunandisneededforcompassesandGPSsystemstowork.Soperhapsnoneofuswilleverseteyesonthecore,butit’sgoodtoknowit’sthere.1、TheauthormentionsJulesVerne’snovelJourneytotheCenteroftheEarthinthefirstparagraphto.A．discussthepossibilityofgoingdowntoEarth’scenterB．showhowmuchhumanshavediscoveredaboutEarthC．paintapictureinourimaginationofthedarkworldbelowD．showhumans’deepinterestinEarth’scenter2、Wecanlearnfromthearticlethat“S-waves”.A．areoftenusedtopredictearthquakesB．cannottravelthroughliquidmaterialC．arethemostnoticeableshockwavesproducedbyearthquakesD．cantravelmostrapidlyat3,000kilometersbelowEarth’ssurface3、Wecaninferfromthelastthreeparagraphsthat.A．researchintoEarth’scorehashardlymadeanyprogressinrecentyearsB．improvementsinGPSsystemscouldhelppeoplefindoutmoreaboutEarthC．Earth’scorehelpstoprotecthumansfromharmD．scientistsarelikelytoreachEarth’scenterwithindozensofyears24．（8分）Youknowthosenutritionguidelinesthegovernmentissueseveryfewyears?Itturnsoutthatfollowingthemisn'tjustgoodforyourhealth.It'sgoodfortheplanet,too.“Whatwefoundisthatimpactsvaryacrossnations,butinthehigh­impactnations,ingeneral,youcanseethat,ifyoufollowanationallyrecommendeddiet,despitethefactthatthesedietsdon'tmentionexplicitly—ormostofthemdon'texplicitlymention—environmentalimpacts,thatyouaregoingtohavelowerenvironmentalimpactsduetothat.Sothat'ssortoffairlyclearacrossallthehigh­incomenations.”saidPaulBehrens,anenvironmentalscientistatLeidenUniversityintheNetherlands.Thefoodweeattakesabigtollontheenvironment.Athirdoftheice­freelandonEarthisusedforagriculture,andaccordingtosomeestimates,producingfoodaccountsforroughlyafifthofallhuman­causedgreenhousegasemissions.Fertilizerrunoffalsoleadstootherproblems,likethealgaebloomsinLakeEerieandtheDeadZoneintheGulfofMexico.However,followingdietaryguidelineswouldreducethoseimpacts,especiallyinwealthycountriesliketheUS.“Mostofthereductionscomefrommeatanddairy，”whichhaveanoutsizedimpactonlanduseandpollution,andareamajorsourceofgreenhousegases.(That'spartlyduetocowfarts.Seriously.)Followingthesuggestionswouldalsomeaneatingfewercalories,sincemanypeoplehereeatmorethantheyneed.Overall,inhigh­incomecountries,Behren'steamestimatesthatfollowingtherulescouldresultinasmuchasa17percentreductioninlanduse,a21percentreductioninnutrientpollution,anda25percentdropinagriculturalgreenhousegasemissions.Cuttingdownonhowmuchfoodwewaste—whichisroughlyathirdintheUS—couldhelpevenmore.TheresultsareintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Ofcourse,peoplearenotoriouslybadatfollowingdiets.But:“Thesenationallyrecommendedguidelinesdoactuallyhaveaknock­oneffectonotherareasofpolicymaking.SoifI'mdevelopinganewhealthy­eating­for­schoolsprogramthenthat'sgoingtobebasedoffalotofdetailthatIgetfromthenationallyrecommendedguidelines.Sowhileitmightnotnecessarilybethecasethatpeoplefollowdirectly…theyactuallyarequiteinfluentialonthepreparationofotheradvice.”Itseemsthatasmallerenvironmentalfootprintandahealthierlifestylecouldgohandinhand.1、WhichofthefollowingstatementwillPaulBehrensapproveof?A．Followinganationallyrecommendeddietcanhavesimilarimpactsindifferentcountries.B．Followinganationallyrecommendeddietcandogoodtoourhealth.C．Notallthecountrieshaverecommendeddietsinanexplicitmanner.D．Somehigh­incomenationsdon'tmentionthedietexplicitlyforitsimpactscanbeignored.2、Whatdotheunderlinedwords“takesabigtollon”inparagraph3probablymean?A．showssignsof B．hasabadeffectonC．takesfulladvantageof D．makesupfor3、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Foodproductioncanleadtoabout20percentofhuman­causedgreenhousegaswithonlyathirdoftheice­freelandused.B．Itisestimatedthatfollowingdietaryguidelinescanleadtodecreaseinmorelandusethaninnutrientpollution.C．PaulBehrens'newprogramconcerninghealthyeatingforschoolsislikelytobebasedonnationalnutritionguidelines.D．Somewealthycountriestendtoreducemeatanddairythoughtheotherareasofpolicymakingisn'teffectedmuch.25．（10分）Mycollegeexperienceincludedthislife-skilllesson:Drinkalcoholonafullstomach.Oryouwillgetinebriatedtooquickly.Ofcourse,mostcollegestudentsshouldn’tbedrinkingatall,butweknowfromtheNationalInstituteonAlcoholAbuseandAlcoholismthatcloseto60percentofcollegestudentsaged18to22doconsumealcohol,whichmakesharm-reducingapproachesimportant.Unfortunately,campusauthoritiesandresearchersarereportingapracticethatturnsthefull-stomachdrinkingstrategyonitshead:ratherthanfillingupbeforeanightofpartying,significantnumbersofstudentsrefusetoeatalldaybeforeconsumingalcohol.Thisisahigh-riskbehaviorcalled“drunkorexia,”whichisoneparteatingdisorder,onepartalcoholism—averydangerouscombinationforcollege-agestudents.Thetermdrunkorexia,whichcanalsoincludeexcessiveexerciseorpurgingbeforeconsumingalcohol,wascoinedabout10yearsago,anditstartedshowingupinmedicalresearcharound2012.Drunkorexiaaddressestheneedtobethelifeofthepartywhilestayingextremelythin,pointingtoaflawedmind-setaboutbodyimageandalcoholismamongcollegestudents,mostlywomen.Imaginethisscenario:Afemalecollegefreshmandoesn’teatanythingallday,exercisesonanemptystomach,thendownsfiveshotsoftequilainlessthantwohours.Becausethere’snofoodinhersystemtohelpslowtheabsorptionofalcohol,thoseshotsaffectherrapidly,leadingtoinebriationandpossiblypassingout,vomitingorsufferingalcoholpoisoning.That’sdrunkorexia.TavisGlassman,professorofhealtheducationandpublichealthattheUniversityofToledoinOhio,researchesdrunkorexiaandworriesaboutscenariossuchastheonedescribedabove:“Withnothinginhersystem,alcoholhitsquickly,andthatbringsupthesameissuesaswithanyhigh-riskdrinking:gettinghomesafely,sexualassault,unintentionalinjury,fights,hangoversthataffectclassattendanceandgrades,andpossiblyendingupinemergencybecausethealcoholhitssohard,”hesays.“Alcoholcannegativelyaffecttheliverorgastrointestinalsystem,itcaninterferewithsleep,lowertheimmunesystemandislinkedtoseveraltypesofcancers,”Hultinsays.1、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inebriated”inparagraph1mean?A．excited B．overwhelmed C．addicted D．drunk2、Wecaninferfromthepassagethat____________.A．alargenumberofcollegestudentsspendmostoftheirnightspartyingB．somecollegestudentsrefusetoeatbeforedrinkingalcoholtokeepslimC．ThereisadirectlinkbetweenbodyimageandconsumingalcoholD．femalecollegestudentismorelikelytobehurtifshedrinksalcohol3、WhichofthefollowingmayTavisGlassmanagreewith?A．Withmorefoodinone’ssystem,hemaysufferfromtheeffectsofalcoholslowly.B．Drinkingfiveshotsoftequilainlessthantwohoursistheperformanceofdrunkorexia.C．Thosewhodon’tattendclassesandhavelowergradestendtobeaddictedtoalcohol.D．Alcoholhasnegativeeffectsontheimmunesystemandmayleadtoseveralcancers.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）Compassion(同情心)isadesirewithinustohelpothers.Witheffort,wecantranslatecompassioninto1.Anexperiencelastweekendshowedmethisis2.Iworkpart-timeinasupermarket20metersawayfromabuildingfortheelderly.Theseoldpeopleareourmain3,andit’seasytolose4overtheirslowness.ButlastSunday,one5gentlemanappearedtoteachmeavaluablelesson.This6manwalkeduptomyregister(收款机)withaboxofbiscuits.Hesaidhewas7cash,hadjustmovedintohisroom,andhad8inhiscupboards.Heaskedifwecouldlethimhavethefoodontrust.He9torepaymethenextday.Icouldn’thelp10whatkindofpersonhehadbeentenortwentyyearsbefore,andwhathewouldbelikeifhehadbeenlucky.Ihada11inmyheartforthiskindofhumansoul,allaloneintheworld.I12himthatIwassorry,andstorerulesdidn’tallowmetodoso.Ifeltstupidand13sayingthis,butI14myjob.Justthen,anotherman,standingbehindthefirst,spokeup.Helookedmore15.Hesaidtome,“Letme16thebiscuitsforhim,please.”WhatIhadbeen17waspity.Pityissoftandsafeandeasy.Compassion,ontheotherhand,is18inaction.Ithankedthesecondmanbuttoldhimthatwasnotallowed,either.ThenI19mypocketandpaidforthebiscuitsmyself.Ididsobecausethesetwomenhadreachedintomyheartand20mecompassion.1、A．workB．actionC．jobD．character2、A．rightB．wrongC．trueD．false3、A．workersB．customersC．employersD．passengers4、A．heartB．patienceC．courageD．soul5、A．agedB．disabledC．sickD．weak6、A．well-dressedB．smartly-dressedC．poorly-dressedD．neatly-dressed7、A．inneedofB．atlossofC．outofD．lackof8、A．anythingB．everythingC．somethingD．nothing9、A．beggedB．promisedC．hopedD．suggested10、A．wonderingB．realizingC．askingD．questioning11、A．hurtB．kindnessC．warmthD．injury12、A．warnedB．suggestedC．toldD．reminded13、A．unnecessaryB．carelessC．impatientD．unkind14、A．lostB．valuedC．dislikedD．gained15、A．happyB．seriousC．contentD．pitiful16、A．payB．chargeC．spendD．cost17、A．talkingB．feelingC．sayingD．thinking18、A．movingB．thinkingC．caringD．touching19、A．reachedintoB．openedupC．searchedforD．lookedfor20、A．gaveB．movedC．feltD．taught第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）ImpressionWestLakeisagrandeveningshowofmusic,lightanddance.DirectedbyZhangYimou,ithasbeenupdatedsince2015.Includedinthenewversion1．(be)70percentofelements(要素)fromHangzhouG20Summiteveninggala.ImpressionWestLake,showingthelocalcultureofHangzhouandtheuniquecharmoftheWestLake,isoneofChina’sTopSevenShows.It2．(impressive)presentsthehistoryandcultureoftheWestLakeby3．(explore)thestoriesbasedontheLegendofWhiteSnakeandButterflyLovers.Besides,asacharmingshow,ImpressionWestLakealsohighlightsthebeautiful4．(nature)landscape(风景)oftheWestLake.Thewholeperformanceisstagedentirelyuponthelakeitselfwith5．(hill)asthebackground.6．isevenmoreamazingis“theRainoftheWestLake”,whichisartificiallyrecreated7．(bring)outthecharmoftheWestLakeintherain.ImpressionWestLakeisalsoafeastofmusic.8．isreported,thebackgroundmusicismadebyKitaro,afamousJapanesemusicianandthethemesong9．(perform)byZhangLiangying,apopularChinesesinger10．apleasantandenjoyablevoice.Allthesebringtheaudienceintothedreamlikeenvironmentofromantic(浪漫的)Hangzhou.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Linda'sfatherboughtherthenewbikethedaybeforeyesterday,thatmadeherveryexcited、Thenshebegantorideitfastontheroad、Seenamangettingclosetoher,Lindacouldn'tstopitandasaresult,sheknockedontotheman、Beingverykind,sothemandidn'tscoldheratall、Instead,hetoldherhowdangerouslyitwastorideabikesofast、Heaskedhertokeepthelessoninmind、Lindafeltregretfulbutashamed、Shepromisedkeepthelessoni