任务精读：辅助坑道设置技术（双语）课件讲解

隧道施工技术TunnelConstructionTechnologyServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology辅助坑道设置技术辅助坑道设置技术目录TableofContentsServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology辅助坑道设置技术概述1OverviewofServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology辅助坑道2ServiceGallery课程小结3Summary辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnologyunderwhatcircumstancesshouldservicegallerybelaidout什么情况下需要设置辅助坑道呢Howtolayoutservicegallery如何设置辅助坑道What'sthefunctionofservicegallery辅助坑道有什么作用辅助坑道设置技术概述OverviewofServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology01辅助坑道设置技术辅助坑道是指在修筑长隧道时，由于施工需要，在近旁另外开挖的一条通到正洞中线位置的小断面坑道。辅助坑道的设置需要考虑正洞隧道的长度，隧道所处地地形、地质及水文，施工期限与组织等问题。ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnologyServicegalleryisasmall-sectiongalleryadditionallyexcavatednearthecenterlineofthemaintunnelduetoconstructionneedsoflongtunnels.Thelengthofthemaintunnel,thetopography,geologyandhydrologyofthetunnel,theconstructionperiodandorganizationshallbeconsideredinthelayoutoftheservicegallery.辅助坑道ServiceGallery横洞Transversegallery平行导坑Paralleladit斜井Inclinedshaft竖井Shaft辅助坑道的作用:Functionsofservicegallery:以加快施工速度，缩短工期;Speeduptheconstructionandshortentheconstructionperiod;改善施工条件、减少施工干扰;Improveconstructionconditionsandreduceconstructioninterference;有利于合理布置施工中的管路、线路。Facilitatereasonablelayoutofpipelinesandlinesinconstruction.辅助坑道设置技术概述OverviewofServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology辅助坑道ServiceGallery02横洞长度不超过隧道长度的1/10~1/7；与隧道中线交角40°~45°；与隧道交界处，底部高程相同，向外3‰的下坡。它是指在隧道侧面修筑的与隧道相交的坑道。MaintunnelTransversegallery横洞Transversegallerywhichreferstothegallerybuiltonthesideofandintersectingwiththetunnel.Thelengthoftransversegalleryshallnotexceed1/10~1/7ofthetunnellength;Angleofintersectionwithtunnelcenterline:40°~45°;Atthejunctionwithatunnel,thebottomelevationisthesame,andthereisadownwardslopeofnotlessthan3‰outwardsMaintunnelMaintunnelTransversegalleryOrthogonalPlaneMaintunnelMaintunnelTransversegallery辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology横洞TransversegalleryElevationheterotropicMaintunnelTransversegalleryOrthogonalPlane横洞优先应用于傍山、沿河或山体侧向覆盖层较薄的隧道，设置位置根据施工需要、地形条件确定。横洞一般不会很长，所以不至于会使隧道工程造价增加很多，且横洞能增加新的工作面、出渣或进料运输更方便，横洞施工也较简单和快速。横洞TransversegalleryAtransversegalleryispreferredfortunnelsnearmountains,alongriversorwiththinlateraloverburdenonmountains.Thelayoutpositionshallbedeterminedaccordingtotheconstructionneedsandtopographicconditions.Thetransversegalleryisgenerallynotverylong,sothetunnelingcostwillnotbeincreasedtoomuch.Inaddition,thetransversegallerycanaddnewworkingfaces,facilitatethemuckremovalorfeedtransportation,anditsconstructionissimpleandfast.Transversegallery辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology横洞Transversegallery横洞Transversegallery依据：断面形式Basis:sectiontype单道断面Single-lanesection双道断面Double-lanesection部分双道断面Partialdouble-lanesection较短的横洞，且负担隧道施工长度不大。Shorttransversegalleryforasmalllengthoftunnelconstruction.较长的且要负担相当长的隧道施工段落的横洞。Longertransversegalleryforaconsiderablelengthoftunnelconstructionsection.为在横洞中适当地段设置错车道而设。Designedforsettingpassingbaysinappropriatesectionsofthetransversegallery.辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology横洞Transversegallery

whatroledoesthetransversegalleryplayintunnelexcavation?横洞这一辅助对隧道开挖起到什么作用呢？辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology横洞Transversegallery在隧道正洞开挖受到其他因素影响，不能从正洞的进出口开始施工时，可利用横洞，从隧道正洞的中部开始施工，这实现了提前进洞和不影响其他部分工作的目的；在正洞施工过程中，横洞方便了正洞出渣和进料；横洞也可以作为隧洞正洞竣工后的通风口使用，这对横洞的要求更高。用途Purposewhenmaintunnelexcavationisaffectedbyotherfactorsandtheconstructioncannotbestartedfromtheentrance/exitofthemaintunnel,theconstructioncanbestartedfromthemiddleofthemaintunnelbyutilizingthetransversegallery,whichachievesthepurposeofenteringthetunnelinadvancewithoutaffectingotherpartsofthework;duringmaintunnelconstruction,thetransversegalleryfacilitatesthemuckremovalandfeedingofthemaintunnel;Thetransversegallerycanalsobeusedasaventilationopeninguponcompletionofthemaintunnel,whichhashigherrequirementsforthetransversegallery.辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology横洞Transversegallery平行导坑是与隧道走向平行的坑道。越岭的特长隧道，或拟建双洞的隧道，施工不宜选用横洞、斜井、竖井等辅助坑道时，往往采用开挖平行导坑的办法来处理，并可同时解决特长隧道施工中的出渣与进料运输、通风、排水、施工测量及安全等问题。平行导坑：与隧道平行修筑的坑道。Paralleladit:agallerybuiltinparallelwiththetunnel.TunnelparalleladitMainshaftParallelheadingParallelheadingParallelheadingMainshaftAuxiliaryshaftAuxiliaryshaftEntrancechainageExitchainageMaintunnelchainageParalleladitchainageInclinedshaft(main&auxiliaryshafts)MaintunnelMaintunnel辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology平行导坑（平导）Paralleladit(PA)Paralleladitisagalleryinparallelwiththetunnelalignment.Intermsofextra-longtunnelscrossingmountains,orproposeddouble-tubetunnels,whenservicegalleriessuchastransversegallery,inclinedshaftandshaftarenotsuitableforconstruction,paralleladitwillbeexcavated,whichcanalsosolvetheproblemsofmuckremovalandfeedtransportation,ventilation,drainage,constructionsurveyandsafetyduringextra-longtunnelconstruction.适用情形：长度＞3000m的隧道，且无其他辅助坑道可设置时使用。Applicablesituation:lengthofmorethan3,000mandnootherservicegallerycanbelaidout.平行导坑宜设于地下水来源的一侧，以便利用平行导坑截住地下水。平行导坑与隧道的净距，一般为15~25m。辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology平行导坑（平导）Paralleladit(PA)CrosspassageParallelheadingMaintunnelReverseventilationductVentilationductParalleladitshouldbelocatedononesideofthegroundwatersourcetointerceptthegroundwater.Thecleardistancebetweenparalleladitandtunnelisgenerally15~25m.设计要点KeyPointsofDesign平行导坑平面布置PlaneLayoutofParallelAdit平行导坑的纵坡应与隧道的纵坡一致，或出洞3‰的下坡，其底面高程应低于相应里程隧道高程0.2~0.6m，以利于正洞的排水和运输。辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology平行导坑（平导）Paralleladit(PA)CrosspassageParallelheadingMaintunnelReverseventilationductVentilationductThelongitudinalslopeoftheparalleladitshallbeconsistentwiththelongitudinalslopeofthetunnel,andthebottomelevationshallbe0.2-0.6mlowerthanthetunnelelevationofcorrespondingchainage,soastofacilitatethedrainageandtransportationofthemaintunnel.设计要点KeyPointsofDesign平行导坑平面布置PlaneLayoutofParallelAdit平行导坑的横断面一般均做成单道断面，隔适当距离设置错车道，错车道的有效长度宜为1.5倍的施工车辆长度。辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology平行导坑（平导）Paralleladit(PA)CrosspassageParallelheadingMaintunnelReverseventilationductVentilationductthecrosssectionoftheparalleladitisgenerallymadeintoasingle-lanesection.Passingbaysarerequiredatcertaininterval.Theeffectivelengthofpassingbayisdeterminedaccordingtothelengthofconstructionvehicle,whichisgenerally1.5timesthelengthofconstructionvehicle.设计要点KeyPointsofDesign平行导坑平面布置PlaneLayoutofParallelAdit横通道的间距一般为120~180m，其位置可结合避车洞位置确定，应避免通过断层、岩层破碎带等不良地质地段，在接近洞口500~700m地段，横通道间距可适当加大。辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology平行导坑（平导）Paralleladit(PA)CrosspassageParallelheadingMaintunnelReverseventilationductVentilationductThespacingofcrosspassagesisgenerally120~180m.Itslocationcanbedeterminedbasedonthelocationofrefugerecess.Itisnecessarytoavoidunfavorablegeologicalsectionssuchasfaultsandrockstratumfracturezones.Inthesectionthatis500~700mfromtheportal,thespacingofcrosspassagescanbeappropriatelyincreased.设计要点KeyPointsofDesign平行导坑平面布置PlaneLayoutofParallelAdit横通道一般与正洞斜交，斜交角宜为40°~45°，夹角过小则夹角中围岩易坍塌，并且增加了横通道的长度，夹角过大则运输线路的运行条件差。辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology平行导坑（平导）Paralleladit(PA)CrosspassageParallelheadingMaintunnelReverseventilationductVentilationductThecrosspassageisgenerallyinobliquecrossingwiththemaintunnel,andtheobliquecrossingangleshouldbe40°~45°.Iftheincludedangleistoosmall,thesurroundingrockintheincludedanglewillbepronetocollapse,andthelengthofcrosspassagewillbeincreased.Iftheincludedangleistoolarge,theoperationconditionofthetransportationlinewillbepoor.设计要点KeyPointsofDesign平行导坑平面布置PlaneLayoutofParallelAdit为了便于调车和出渣进料，每隔600~800m设置一个反向横通道。辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology平行导坑（平导）Paralleladit(PA)CrosspassageParallelheadingMaintunnelReverseventilationductVentilationductInordertofacilitateshuntingandmuckremoval&feeding,areversecrosspassageissetevery600~800m.设计要点KeyPointsofDesign平行导坑平面布置PlaneLayoutofParallelAdit用途Purpose平行导坑通过横向通道与正洞连接，可增加正洞工作面掘进,加快施工速度,并可用作通风巷道、排水、降低水位、进料出渣运输，可将洞内作业分区段施工，减少互相干扰。平行导坑可比正洞超前掘进，可进行地质勘察及地质预报，充分掌握正洞开挖前方地质状况，便于及时变更设计和改变施工方法。平行导坑可以构成洞内施工测量导线网，可提高施工测量精度。Comparedwiththemaintunnel,advancedtunnelingcanbeadoptedforparalleladits.Geologicalinvestigationandgeologicalforecastcanbecarriedoutsothatthegeologicalconditionsinfrontofthemaintunnelexcavationcanbefullygrasped,facilitatingthetimelychangeofdesignandconstructionmethods.辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology平行导坑（平导）Paralleladit(PA)Theparalleladitsareconnectedwiththemaintunnelthroughthetransversepassage,whichcanincreasethetunnelingofthemaintunnelworkingfaceandspeeduptheconstructionspeed,canbeusedforventilation,drainage,waterlevellowering,feedingandmuckingtransportationandenablestheoperationinthetunneltobecarriedoutinsectionstoreducemutualinterference.Finally,theparalleladitsconstitutethetraversenetworkofconstructionsurveyintunnel,improvingtheconstructionsurveyaccuracy.布置“三管两路”，减少正洞施工干扰。Arrange"threepipesandtworoads"toreducetheconstructioninterferenceofthemaintunnel.斜井是指特长隧道根据需要而设置的，与正洞成一定交角且直通地面的通道，是正洞隧道施工出渣、材料及设备运输的重要出入口，也是特长隧道施工和运营期的重要通风口及紧急救援的重要通道。当倾角小于45°时，与正洞开挖较为接近，大于45°时，又具有竖井的某些特征。斜井是从隧道侧上方，以倾斜井筒通向隧道正洞的辅助坑道。辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology斜井InclinedshaftInclinedshaftreferstothepassagedirectlyleadingtothegroundatacertainanglewiththemaintunnel,whichissetasrequiredforextra-longtunnels.Itisanimportantentranceandexitformockremovalandtransportationofmaterialsandequipmentduringmaintunnelconstruction.andalsoanimportantventilationopeningandanimportantpassageforemergencyrescueduringextra-longtunnelconstructionandoperation.Whentheinclinationangleislessthan45°,itisclosetotheexcavationofthemaintunnel.Whentheinclinationangleis>45°,ithascertainfeaturesofshaft.Theinclinedshaftisaservicegalleryabovethesideofthetunneltoleadtothemaintunnelthroughaninclinedpitshaft.斜井InclinedshaftShaftstationMaintunnel适用情形：隧道较长而埋深不大；地表面有低洼地形可以利用时。Applicablesituation:longtunnelswithshallowburialdepth;incaseoflow-lyingterrainthatcanbeusedonthegroundsurface.交角：40-45°Intersectionangle:40-45°设计要点KeyPointsofDesign斜井平面布置PlaneLayoutofInclinedShaft辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology斜井InclinedshaftHandlebarWoodenboxSteelrailFallingditchexplorationMaintunnelShaftbottomhorizontalgallery与隧道相同，但是打眼的方向应与斜井倾角一致；Sameasthetunnel.However,thedirectionofdrillingshallbeconsistentwiththeinclinationangleofinclinedshaft井口段应修筑衬砌，其它部分视地质条件及是否作为永久通风道等条件决定Thewellheadsectionshallbelined,andwhethertheotherpartsshallbelinedornotisdeterminedaccordingtogeologicalconditionsandwhethertheyareusedasapermanentventilationductornot.竖井是在隧道上方开挖的与隧道相连的竖向坑道。当隧道较长在覆盖层较薄的地段、或不宜设置斜井、具备提升设备、施工中很需要增加工作面时，可采用设置竖井增加工作面、增加出渣与进料运输线路。Shaftisaverticalgalleryexcavatedaboveandconnectedtothetunnel.Whenthetunnelislonginthesectionwiththinoverburden,orinclinedshaftisnotsuitable,liftingequipmentisavailable,anditisnecessarytoincreasetheworkingfaceduringconstruction,shaftscanbeprovidedtoincreasetheworkingfaceandthemuckingandfeedingroutes.竖井立体构造Three-dimensionalstructureofshaft辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology斜井Inclinedshaft竖井应设在较低处或沟谷的两侧，防止洪水危害。Shaftshallbelocatedatlowerlocationsoronbothsidesofvalleystopreventfloodinghazards.设计要点KeyPointsofDesign竖井立体构造Three-dimensionalstructureofshaft辅助坑道设置技术ServiceGalleryLayoutTechnology斜井InclinedshaftShafttoplockcollar0.25mbelowfreezinglineShaftcribWellshaftConnectionsectionbetweenshaftandhorizontalgallerySumpundertheshaft竖井可设在隧道一侧，与隧