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AsiaFundManagerSurvey
Non-contrarians
Accessibleversion
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
BofASECURITIES
Down,butnotoutbyanymeans
Afortnightago,theGlobalProprietarySignals(seenote)observedamilddecelerationintheglobalgrowthmomentum,withthebreadthofBullish/Neutralsignalsslippingfrom84%inMarchto77%inJune.TheFundManagerSurvey(FMS)echoesthemove,withtheviewontheglobaleconomydroppingtoa6-monthlow.
Easingdownonthethrottle
TheAsiaPacificex-Japaneconomicoutlookwasalsorecalibrateddownwards,withnet
24%ofthepanelistsseeingastrongerregionaleconomyinthenext12monthsversus
46%inJune.Returnexpectationshavecomeoffintandem,afterasharprallyYTD(11%),primarilydrivenbyadipinprofitexpectationsasvaluationscontinuetotreadatfairlevels.
Occasionalgainsinageneraltrendoflosses
Chinaweigheddowntheregion,assentimentsouredyetagaingoingintotheThird
Plenum.Economicexpectationscrateredbythesteepestmagnitudeinsurveyhistory,
withnet3%ofthepanelistsexpectingthelargesteconomyintheregiontoweakenoverthenext12months,versus37%expectingittostrengthenamonthago.Structural
bearishnessshotuptonearsurvey-highs,whileallocationsnosedivedtosurvey-lows.
ThelackofhopeispushingChinesehouseholdsaswellasinvestorstosaveup,withthelatterrevertingtoawait-and-watchapproach.Tellingly,moreafifthoftheparticipantsarelookingtoforegoChinaequitiesaltogetherandpursueopportunitieselsewhere.
BackontrackinJapan
Ontheotherhand,InvestorconfidenceinJapanhasbeenrestoredafterabriefhiatusastherallyresumes.EconomicoutlookhasswungtothehighestlevelsincetheinclusionofJapaninoursurveyinOctober,withcorporateguidanceforearningsdeemedtobe
conservativebythebuy-side.Thefavoritemarketintheregionsawanuptickinreturnexpectationsasinvestorsseealongrunwayaheadwithnearlyhalfthepanelistsnotexpectingittopeakanytimesoon.Clientsarecuedintocorporatereforms,BoJpolicyandFXmovesforcluesaboutthedirectionoftraveloffinancialmarkets,witharatehikebeingpenciledinforthecurrentquarter.
Assetallocation:Donotdisturb
Fromanallocationperspective,thetriadofJapan,India,andTaiwancontinuetobeatthetopofinvestormindshare,whileChinaandThailandlagatthebottom.Meanwhile,semiconductorsremainthemostpreferredsectordespiteamodestclawbackonthe
outlookofthesemiconductorcycle,closelyfollowedbytechhardware,whilerealestateremainsunloved.InChina,SOEsaremakingacomebackasriskappetiterunsdry,whileinfrastructurerulestheroostinIndia.Worthmention,consumptionplaysaretakinga
backseatintheregionincongruencewiththeconsumerslowdownintheUS.
Tradingideasandinvestmentstrategiesdiscussedhereinmaygiverisetosignificantriskandarenotsuitableforallinvestors.Investorsshouldhaveexperienceinrelevantmarketsandthefinancialresourcestoabsorbanylossesarisingfromapplyingtheseideasorstrategies.
>>Employedbyanon-USaffiliateofBofASandisnotregistered/qualifiedasaresearchanalystundertheFINRArules.
Referto"OtherImportantDisclosures"forinformationoncertainBofASecuritiesentitiesthattakeresponsibilityfortheinformationhereininparticularjurisdictions.
BofASecuritiesdoesandseekstodobusinesswithissuerscoveredinitsresearch
reports.Asaresult,investorsshouldbeawarethatthefirmmayhaveaconflictof
interestthatcouldaffecttheobjectivityofthisreport.Investorsshouldconsiderthisreportasonlyasinglefactorinmakingtheirinvestmentdecision.
Refertoimportantdisclosuresonpage14to16.12714206
Timestamp:16July202402:03AMEDT
16July2024
PredictiveAnalyticsAsia
BofA
Data
Analytics
RiteshSamadhiya,CFA>>EquityStrategist
MerrillLynch(HongKong)+85235087907
ritesh.samadhiya@
AritraBaksi,CFA>>EquityStrategist
MerrillLynch(HongKong)+85235087914
aritra.baksi@
MasashiAkutsu>>Strategist
BofASJapan
+81362257754
masashi.akutsu@
TonyLin,CFA>>EquityStrategistBofASJapan
+81362258123
tony.y.lin@
Notestoreaders
Atotalof242panelistswith$632bnAUMparticipatedinthesurvey.209participantswith$560bnAUM
respondedtotheglobalFMSquestionsand134participantswith$262bnAUM
respondedtotheregionalFMSquestions.
Surveyperiod:5-11July2024
HowtojointheFMSpanel
Investors/clientsareencouragedto
signuptoparticipateintheSurvey.
ThiscanbedonebycontactingMichael
HartnettoryourBofAsalesrepresentative.
Participantsinthesurveyreceivethefullsetofresultsforthemonthsinwhichtheyparticipate.
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
2AsiaFundManagerSurvey|16July2024
Non-contrarians
Exhibit1:Net%FMSinvestorsexpectingastrongerGlobal/AsiaPacificex-Japaneconomy
TheFMSviewoftheglobaleconomydroppedtoa6-monthlow;theviewoftheAPACex-Japaneconomywasalsorecalibrateddownwardsbuttoalesserextent
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
AsiaPacificex-JapanGlobal
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
97990103050709111315171921
2325
Source:BofAGlobal&AsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Exhibit2:FMSopinionaboutthepotentialofadouble-digitcorrectioninglobalequitiesin2024Yet,adouble-digitcorrectionisnotinthereckoningthisyear,despiteeuphoricsentiment(seenote)
Doyouanticipateadouble-digitcorrectioninglobalequitiesin2024?
Jun-24Jul-2474%
62%
22%
14%
YesNo
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey.Notes:Votesfor‘Don'tknow’(16%|11%)arenotshownabove.
Exhibit3:FMSviewofAsiaPacex-Japanequitiesoverthenext12months
AsiaPacificex-Japanequityreturnexpectationshavecomeoffintandemafterasharprallyyear-to-date
ExpectedupsideforAsiaPacex-Japanequitiesoverthenext12months
Jun-24Jul-24
49
43
37
65
00
41
3
3
3
0
Between+5%Morethan+10%and+10%
Below-10%Between-10%
and-5%
Between0%and+5%
Between-5%and0%
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
AsiaFundManagerSurvey|16July20243
Exhibit4:Net%FMSinvestorsexpectingbettercorporateprofitsinAsiaPacificex-Japan
ProfitexpectationsdippedinJuly:net57%seehigherprofitsinthenext12monthsversus74%inMay
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
Net%FMSinvestorsexpectingbetterprofitsinthenext12months
Average
-Jul-2024=57%
020406081012141618202224
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Exhibit5:Net%FMSinvestorsdeemingconsensusAsianEPSestimatesashigh
Onlynet16%deemtheconsensusEPSestimatesastoohigh,renderingdownwardrevisionsunlikely
100100
8080
6060
4040
2020
00
-20-20
-40-40
Net%FMSinvestorsdeemingconsensusEPSestimatesforthecomingyearashigh
Jul-2024=16%
Average
081012141618202224
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Exhibit6:Net%FMSinvestorssayingAsiaPacificex-Japanequitiesareovervalued
Net19%ofinvestorsperceivetheregionalequitiesasundervalued,inlinewiththelong-termaverage
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
Net%FMSinvestorssayingAsiaPacificex-Japanequitiesareovervalued
-Average
Jul-2024=-19%
020406081012141618202224
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
4AsiaFundManagerSurvey|16July2024
Exhibit7:Net%FMSinvestorsexpectinghigherinflationinAsiaPacificex-Japan
Expectationsaboutinflationhaveseldombeenlower:net19%oftheparticipantsexpectinflationinAPACex-Japantosubsideinthenext12months
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
Net%FMSinvestorsexpectinghigherinflationinthenext12months
Average
Jul-2024=-19%
01030507091113151719212325
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Exhibit8:Net%FMSinvestorsexpectingastrongerChineseeconomy
Crateringexpectations:Net-3%seeastrongerChinaeconomyinthenext12monthsversus41%inMay
Net%FMSinvestorsexpectingastrongerChineseeconomyoverthenext12months100100
8080
6060
4040
2020
00
-20-20
Jul-2024=-3%
10/2212/222/234/236/238/2310/2312/232/244/246/248/24
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Exhibit9:FMSviewofmonetarypolicyinChina
Notwithstandingthelackofconcertedpolicyactions,expectationofeasiermonetarypolicyinChinaremainsoverwhelminglyhigh
Jul-2024=89%
%FMSinvestorsexpectingeasiermonetarypolicyinChinaoverthenext12months9595909085858080757570706565606055555050
10/2212/222/234/236/238/2310/2312/232/244/246/248/24
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
AsiaFundManagerSurvey|16July20245
Exhibit10:FMSviewonthepotentialforstructuralde-ratingoftheChinaequitymarket
Structuralbearishnessnearsurvey-highs:81%thinkastructuralde-ratingisunderwayforChinaequities
Jul-2024=81%
%FMSinvestorsthinkingtheChineseequitymarketisinastructuralde-ratingprocess?90908585808075757070656560605555505045454040
11/221/233/235/237/239/2311/231/243/245/247/24
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Exhibit11:Net%FMSinvestorsoverweight:China
Allocationsatsurvey-lows:breadthofpanelistsfavoringChinahascollapseddeepintothenegativeterritory
China:Net%FMSinvestorsoverweight(%sayingoverweight-%sayingunderweight)
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
39
42
36
32
2627
14
-1
95103
-9-9
0
-6
-12-13 -20-23-18
-43
10/2212/222/234/236/238/2310/2312/232/244/246/248/24
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Exhibit12:WhatChinesehouseholdswillprioritizewiththeirsavings
Savingupforthefuture:householdssittingtightwiththeirsavings,ratherthanspendorinvest
FMSopiniononwhatChinesehouseholdswillprioritizewiththeirsavings
69%70%Jun-24Jul-24
11%8%9%8%
Keepinginsavingsaccount
Buyingassets(stocks|bonds|
realestate)
Buyingdiscretionarygoodsandservices
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey.Notes:Votesfor‘Don'tknow’(14%|11%)arenotshownabove.
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
6AsiaFundManagerSurvey|16July2024
Exhibit13:FMScurrentstance/positioningonChinaequities
Savingupforthefuture:wait-and-watchorpursueopportunitieselsewhere
Currentstance/positioningonChinaequities
31%
32%
Jun-24Jul-24
22%20%
14%16%14%
9%
6%
3%
Fullyexposed
Lookingfor
opportunities
elsewhere
Lookingtoreduce
exposureonany
bounces
Buildingexposureonincrementalsignsofeasing
Waitingformore
crediblesignsof
easingbefore
addingexposure
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey.Notes:Votesfor‘Don'tknow’(14%|20%)arenotshownabove.
Exhibit14:FMSviewoftheeconomicoutlookofJapan
Surgingexpectations:net73%expectastrongerJapaneconomyinthenext12months,upfrom43%inJune
FMSviewoftheeconomicoutlookforJapanoverthenext12months70Jun-24Jul-24
00
54
26
14
5
16
3
3
AlotstrongerAlittlestrongerSameAlittleweakerAlotweaker
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Exhibit15:FMSperceptionoftheFY24corporateguidanceforTOPIXearningsbeingconservativeNet49%ofthepanelistsdeemtheFY24corporateguidanceforTOPIXearningstobeconservative
FMSperceptionoftheFY24corporateguidanceforTOPIXearningsbeingconservative
Jun-24Jul-24
46%
0%
0%
41%
23%
19%
11%
6%
StronglyagreeAgreeDisagreeStronglydisagree
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey.Notes:Votesfor‘Don'tknow’(30%|26%)arenotshownabove.
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
AsiaFundManagerSurvey|16July20247
Exhibit16:FMSviewofJapanequitiesoverthenext12months
Unliketheregionalmarket,returnexpectationsinJapansawanuptickinJuly
ExpectedreturnsforJapanequitiesoverthenext12months
Jun-24Jul-2446
26
23
22
23
16
11
11
9
3
00
Morethan+10%
Between-5%and0%
Between0%and+5%
Between+5%and+10%
Below-10%Between-10%
and-5%
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Exhibit17:WhendoyouexpectJapanequitiestopeak?TheFMSseesalongrunwayaheadforJapanequities
46%
40%
WhendoyouexpectJapanequitiestopeak?Jun-24Jul-24
29%
16%
16%
14%
9%
6%
Alreadypeaked3Q20244Q2024Unlikelytopeakin2024
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey.Notes:Votesfor‘Don'tknow’(8%|17%)arenotshownabove.
Exhibit18:FMSviewofthemostimportantthemeforJapanequitiesin2024
TheFMSiscuedintocorporatereforms,BoJpolicyandFXmovesforcluesaboutthedirectionoftraveloffinancialmarketsinJapanthisyear
32%
FMSviewofthemostimportantthemeforJapanequitiesin202430%30%
0%
3%3%
LDPpresidentialelections
Corporategovernancereforms&JPX
FX
OthersRetail
Wage
rebalancing
negotiations/
BoJpolicy
normalization
initiatives
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
8AsiaFundManagerSurvey|16July2024
Exhibit19:FMSopinionontheimpactofJPYdepreciationonJapanequitiesonbalance
TheFMSbelievestheinverserelationbetweenequitiesandcurrencyinJapanwillcontinuetoholdground
WilltheJPYdepreciationwouldpositivelyimpactJapanequitiesonbalance?Jun-24Jul-24
62%
57%
22%
14%
9%
5%
3%
5%
StronglyagreeAgreeDisagreeStronglydisagree
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey.Notes:Votesfor‘Don'tknow’(5%|17%)arenotshownabove.
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Exhibit20:WhendoyouexpecttheBankofJapantonextraiseinterestrates?3QisthemostlikelywindowforthenextBoJinterestrateraise
WhendoyouexpecttheBankofJapantonextraiseinterestrates?
68%
Jun-24Jul-24
0%
60%
16%
3%6%
3%3%
3QCY20244QCY20241HCY20252HCY2025
orlater
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey.Notes:Votesfor‘Don'tknow’(14%|20%)arenotshownabove.
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
AsiaFundManagerSurvey|16July20249
Exhibit21:FMSopiniononthetwomostoverweightsectorsinJapan
BanksandsemisaretheinvestorfavoritesinJapan,whilesteeringawayfromcommunicationservices,healthcare,andenergy
FMSopiniononthetwomostoverweightsectorsinJapan
Banks65
Semis41
Industrials14
FinancialServices11
Materials8
RealEstate8
TechHardware8
Insurance5
Software5
Utilities5
ConsDiscex-Retailing/e-Comm3
ConsStaples3
Retailing/e-Comm3
Energy0
Healthcare/Pharma0
Media&Ent0
Telecom0
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Exhibit22:AsiaPacificmarketsentiment:Net%FMSinvestorsoverweight
ThetriadofJapan(net51%overweight),India(32%),andTaiwan(24%)continuetobeatthetopofinvestormindshare,whileChina(net43%underweight)isatthebottomofthetable
AsiaPacificmarketsentiment:Net%FMSinvestorsoverweight
(%sayingoverweight-%sayingunderweight)
Japan
India TaiwanSouthKorea Philippines SingaporeNewZealand Malaysia Indonesia Australia ThailandChina
51
32
24
5
3
0
Overweight
-3
-3
-8
-14
-43
Underweight
0
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
10AsiaFundManagerSurvey|16July2024
Exhibit23:AsiaPacificex-Japansectorsentiment:Net%FMSinvestorsoverweight
Semis(net51%overweigh)stayatthehelp,closelyfollowedbytechhardware(net49%overweight),whilerealestate(net27%underweight)continuestobetheleastpreferredsector
AsiaPacificex-Japansectorsentiment:Net%FMSinvestorsoverweight
(%sayingoverweight-%sayingunderweight)
51
49
30
SemisTechHardwareEnergy
19
16
14
14
5
Banks Telecom Industrials SoftwareFinancialServices
UnderweightOverweight
3
-5
Retailing/e-CommMaterials
-8
-8
-11
ConsDiscex-Retailing/e-CommUtilities
-19
-22
-22
InsuranceHealthcare/PharmaConsStaples
-27
Media&EntRealEstate
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Exhibit24:FMSviewofthesemiscycle(Korea/Taiwanexportsgrowth)
Down,butnotout:theFMSpullsbackonitsenthusiasmonthesemiconductorcycle
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
Net%FMSinvestorsexpectingastrongersemiscycle(Korea/Taiwanexportsgrowth)inthenext12months
Jul-2024=59%
10/221/234/237/2310/231/244/247/24
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
AsiaFundManagerSurvey|16July202411
Exhibit25:FMSopiniononthetwomostfavoriteinvestmentthemesinChina
WithinChinatoo,investorsaremostbullishonAI/semisstocks,withSOEsmakingacomebackasriskappetiterunsdry
49%FMSopiniononthetwomostfavoriteinvestmentthemesinChina
35%
16%16%
14%
11%11%
3%
3%
OthersGreen
economy
RealEstate
HealthcareCyclicals
AI/SemisSOEsInternetTravel&
leisure
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Exhibit26:FMSopiniononthemostfavoriteinvestmentthemeinIndia
InfrastructurerulestheroostinIndia,astheconsumptionthemefadesaftertheelection-drivenexcitement
FMSopiniononthemostfavoriteinvestmentthemeinIndia
43%Jun-24Jul-24
29%
17%
14%
9%9%
3%
0%
3%
3%
5%
5%
Small/Mid-ConsumptionOthers
caps
InfrastructureITServicesPublicSector
Undertakings
(PSUs)
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey.Notes:Votesfor‘Don'tknow’(27%|34%)arenotshownabove.
Exhibit27:FMSviewoftheefficacyofthe‘CorporateValue-UpProgram'inKoreaTheFMSdeemsthe‘CorporateValueProgram’inKoreaasmoderatelypositivelyimpactful
FMSviewoftheefficacyofthe‘CorporateValue-UpProgram'inKoreaJun-24Jul-24
51%
0%
0%
41%
16%
5%
0%
17%
Noneofthese
NosignificantimpactModeratelypositiveStronglypositiveimpact
impact(likeinJapan)
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
Source:BofAAsiaFundManagerSurvey.Notes:Votesfor‘Don'tknow’(38%|31%)arenotshownabove.
BofAGLOBALRESEARCH
12AsiaFundManagerSurvey|16July2024
Exhibit28:Marketintelligenceasof15July2024
Performance,valuationandgrowthinformationbycountry/region
15-Jul-2024
Mktcap*(U$bn)
USDperf(%)
12mforward
EPSgrowth^(%)
Region/Country(#Co)
2023
YTD
1m
%dev
PE(x)10Yavg
%dev
PB(x)10Yavg
PBat2008-09-lows
Divyld(%)#
%dev10Yavg
ROE(%)10Yavg
CY2023
CY2024
NorthAmerica(688)
51,253
24.5
17.1
3.9
21.5
18.4
4.2
36.6
1.4
1.4
27.9
19.8
17.1
2.0
10.0
Canada(87)
2,015
12.6
4.6
5.7
14.4
-0.8
1.8
2.2
1.1
3.1
3.1
12.2
11.9
-8.8
4.5
US(601)
49,238
25.0
17.7
3.8
21.9
19.2
4.5
37.6
1.4
1.3
29.2
20.3
17.6
2.8
10.4
Europe(417)
11,207
16.7
7.0
3.5
13.8
-3.7
2.0
13.3
1.0
3.4
7.1
14.3
12.2
-3.8
4.2
Austria(4)
32
12.8
7.2
8.7
7.8
-21.3
0.9
-5.4
0.5
6.3
-45.7
11.4
9.8
-14.9
-2.7
Belgium(13)
165
4.1
6.0
6.4
16.8
-4.2
1.5
-13.0
0.6
2.6
18.7
9.2
10.1
34.9
-4.3
Denmark(15)
658
29.7
22.7
0.6
27.9
35.0
6.0
50.8
1.2
1.6
28.2
21.4
19.2
-30.7
27.5
Finland(13)
169
-8.2
-2.8
0.9
14.4
-12.2
1.8
-13.6
1.2
4.5
-7.9
12.3
12.6
-25.2
0.6
France(61)
1,934
18.8
-0.1
3.8
13.5
-5.9
1.8
14.1
0.9
3.4
1.1
13.1
10.9
-3.1
1.9
Germany(57)
1,483
19.9
6.9
5.8
11.9
-7.7
1.4
-3.5
0.9
3.4
-3.0
12.0
11.6
-2.2
5.7
Ireland(4)
49
22.9
20.2
7.4
11.0
-32.3
1.4
-17.7
0.5
3.5
-58.8
12.9
10.7
33.8
0.4
Italy(24)
469
31.7
12.3
7.6
9.1
-21.2
1.3
12.9
0.6
5.6
-16.9
14.3
10.5
8.9
0.1
Netherlands(27)
931
23.7
25.0
5.0
20.0
13.7
3.3
45.6
1.1
1.8
28.4
16.5
12.9
28.0
4.2
Norway(11)
98
-0.4
-5.1
1.2
10.3
-18.4
1.6
-1.5
0.9
6.3
-27.3
15.6
13.3
-41.2
5.5
Portugal(4)
32
5.1
-10.5
0.8
14.6
-10.5
1.7
-10.4
1.2
3.9
5.8
11.4
11.4
16.9
16.9
Spain(17)
457
28.2
8.9
4.2
10.1
-19.2
1.2
4.8
1.0
4.9
-7.6
12.3
9.6
17.0
8.6
Sweden(43)
547
21.0
3.8
2.7
15.1
-4.2
2.4
11.8
1.1
3.6
3.8
15.8
13.6
21.2
-1.4
Switzerland(45)
1,646
13.3
2.4
1.3
17.7
1.6
3.4
25.2
1.4
3.1
2.3
19.0
15.4
-4.6
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