Unit+4+Space+Exploration+Discovering+Useful+Structures高中英语人教版（2019）必修三

Unit4SpaceExploration

DiscoveringUsefulStructures动词不定式作定语和状语Lead-in

WhoisthefirstChinesefemaleastronauttoexplorespace?LiuYangisthefirstfemaleastronauttobesentintospaceinChina.LiuYangrealizedherdreamtoexplorespacein2012.LiuYanghasastrongdesiretogotospaceagain.1.LiuYangisthefirstfemaleastronaut

tobesentintospaceinChina.2.LiuYangrealizedherdreamtoexplorespacein2012.3.LiuYanghasstrongdesiretogotospaceagain.Findthesimilaritiesofthesesentencestheinfinitive(todo)isusedas

to

modifythenoun/...

placedinfrontofittheattributive“todo”asattributive1.

Ihavenodesiretowrite..2.

TheSmithswerethefirsttoarrive..3.Therewasnothingtobedone..4.

Ihavealottosay..5.

Ihavenoideawheretogo.6.TheconferencetotakeplaceinShanghainextweekisofgreatimportance.句子成分用法不定式在句中中作___________1.可修饰：2.多置于被修饰词___________3.多表示_____________的动作。定语名词或者代词之后作后置定语未来的1.Pleasemakeanefforttocatchthebus.2.Hemadea

promisetocomehereontimetomorrow.3.Ihavenodesire

towrite.4.Thankstoyourencouragement,Ifinallygotthecouragetoface

thechallenge.5.Hisabilitytogetonwellwithpeopleishischiefadvantage.总结1.抽象名词ability,aim,attempt,right,plan,chance,opportunity,way,courage,decision,hope,wish,dream,goal等表示能力，计划，目标，机会等名词后常用不定式作定语。“todo”asattributiveThiscanbeusefulforbusinesssuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewway_____________(attract)customers.toattract

Practice1.ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.2.Youaretheonlypersontobelateforsuchanimportantmeeting.3.Itisrecognizedthatheisthebestmantodothejob.4.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.总结2.序数词、形容词最高级和thelast/theonly/thenext等后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。“todo”asattributivePractice(全国Ⅰ卷语法填空改编)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountry________(land)aspacecraftonthefarsideofthe

moon.toland

1.Ihavenothing

(fear)butfearitself.2.Doyouhaveanything

(say)?3.Thereisnothing

(worry)about.总结3.something,nothing,anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式。4.在therebe句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语，不定式用主动式或者被动式均可。“todo”asattributivetofeartosaytoworry/tobeworried主动/被动？1.Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.2.Thecompetitiontobeheldnextyearwillsurelyattractmanyinternationaltourists.3.Tomhasalargefamilytosupport.主动表被动主谓关系动宾关系不定式的动词与被修饰词的关系主动(todo)被动(tobedone)1.Theairport________________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.tobecompletedPractice主动语态被动语态意义一般式todotobedone

.进行式

.完成式动作发生在谓语动作

.the

infinitive

tense表将来正在发生之前tobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendoneTomdetermined

(go)abroadforfurtherstudy.Generallyspeaking,noonelikes

(make)funof.Hepretended

(read)whentheteachercamein.I’msorry

(cause)yousomuchtroublelasttime.Thecarseems

(wash)already.togotobemadetobereadingtohavecausedtohavebeenwashedPractice不定式作定语也可用在have…todo和therebe句型中。注意：

若不定式动词为不及物动词，则该动词必须与介词连用，组成及物的动词短语。Pleasepassmesomepapertowrite____.Thereisnoonetotakecareofher.Ihavenojewelry__________(wear）.ontowearTheInfinitiveastheadverbial(动词不定式用作状语)动词不定式在句中作状语,主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等,表示目的、原因、结果等。在句中,不定式可作目的状语、结果状语、原因状语等。动词不定式作状语1.目的状语①Hecameheretoattendanimportantmeeting.

他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。②Helaiddownhislifetosavethechild.他为了救这个孩子献出了生命。③Heshoutedandwavedinordertobenoticed.

他喊了一声，挥了挥手，以引起注意。④

I'llwritedownhistelephonenumbersoas

nottoforgetit.我会记下他的电话号码，以免忘记。有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用inorder(not)todo，和soas(not)todo结构（soastodo不可以置于句首）。1._____________uspreparefortheexam,theteachersuggestedreadingthroughoutnotes.(天津高考)A.TohelpB.HelpedC.HelpingD.Beinghelped2.Mary’ssister,Jessie,oftencameover__________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.（2021浙江语法填空改编）AtoplantPractice2.结果状语①Hereturnedhometolearnhisdaughterhadjustbeenengaged.

他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。②HewenthometofindhisoldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim.

他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。③WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoexcited?

我说了什么使你这么激动?不定式作结果状语常与learn,find,see,hear,make等动词连用。①Shewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.

她气得连话都说不出来。②Theboyisoldenoughto

takecareofhimself.

这个男孩够大了，可以自己照顾自己。③Hehurriedtothestation,onlyto

findthetrainhadleft.

他匆匆忙忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经走了。④I'mtootiredtostayuplonger.

我太累了，不能再熬夜了。不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构：①so/such…astodo

②enoughtodo③onlytodo(常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果)

④too…todoSheisproud

tohavewon

thefirstplace.(句子主语和win是主动关系）Heis

glad

tobeinvitedtothemeeting.We

were

astonished

tofind

thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(1)常用于“sb.

+be+adj.

+todo”结构中,

形容词作表语时,后可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因。happy,sorry,glad,excited,disappointed,shocked,satisfied,astonished等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。动词不定式作原因状语Themorningairissogood

tobreathe

thathegetsupearlyeveryday.（句子主语和breathe是被动关系--不定式的主动表被动）

(2)常用于“sth.

+be+adj.

+todo”结构中,

这类形容词有easy,difficult,hard,cheap,expensive,comfortable,good,important,impossible,dangerous等,

表示主语的特征或性质,不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系,但常用主动形式表示被动意义。1.全家人去了海边度假。Thewholefamilywenttotheseaside________________________.2.他起来之后，发现所有人都走了。Hewokeup,only______________________________.3.听到那个不幸的消息，我们都很震惊。Allofuswereshocked__________________________.目的状语tospendtheirholidaytofindeverybodygonetohearthesadnews结果状语原因状语“todo”asadverbial状语1.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4________(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.(2020新课标全国I)tofind2.Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology_________(change)lives.(2020浙江)tochangeActivity1Lookatthefollowingsentencesandfocusontheitalicizedredinfinitives.

Inpairs,discusstheirfunctionsandmeanings.Findmoreexamplesfromtheunit.

1.Itrainedforalongtimetofly

airplanesasafighterpilot.2.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertowork

inspace.3.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenoughtoget

arelatedcollegedegree.4.Somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealizetheirdreamtoexplore

space.5.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogo

intospace.目的状语目的状语结果状语定语定语Activity2Rewritethesentencesusinginfinitivesor“inorderto/soasto+do”.Changetheitalicizedpartsaccordingly.1.In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersonwhogotmarriedinspace.

In2003YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersontogetmarriedinspace.2.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersoastorecycle

itforlateruse.3.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedreamtthatonedaytheywouldflyintospace.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavethedreamtoflyintospaceoneday.4.Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.Astronauts'bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeverydayto/inorderto/soastostayhealthy.5.Astronautshavetousetapestostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.Astronautshavetousetapestostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspaceto/inorderto/soastokeepeverythingfromfloatingoff.6.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlysothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlyto/inorderto/soastokeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.Activity3Completethepassagewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.Sendingpeopletootherplanetsorevenbeyondthesolarsystemisnotaneasygoal

_________(achieve).Oneoftheproblemsisthatthetripwouldtakeaverylongtime.Forexample,_________

(use)thecurrenttechnology,itwouldtakeovertwoyears_________(get)totheclosestplanet,Mars,andback.Althoughlightisthefastestthing_________(know)intheuniverse,itcouldtakemorethanfouryearstoreachtheneareststarsystem.toachieveusingtogetknownWillscientistsfigureoutaway_________(store)sufficientfoodandwaterforthelongjourney?Isitpossibletotravelfasterthanlight?Nooneknowstheanswersyet.However,spacescientistsnevergiveup.Theyareexperimentingwithgrowingcropsinspacesoas_________(help)

astronautsgetenoughfoodonlongerjourneysthroughspace.tostoretohelpBook3Unit4

WorkBook:UsingStructures(P80-81)

1.Q:WhyisYangLiweifamousinChina?A:Becauseheis____________________________________.(第一个进入太空的中国宇航员).2.Q:Howdoyoufeelaboutthefilm2001:ASpaceOdyssey?A:I’mafraidthefilmis_______________________________.(太长,太乏味而无法看完)3.Q:WhywastheRussianspacestationMirbroughtdownoutoforbit?A:OneofthereasonsisthatMirwastoooldand__________________________.(不再是安全的居所).Ex1.Completethesentencesusinginfinitivesastheattributeortheadverbial.thefirstChineseastronauttogointospacetoolongandboringformetofinishnolongerasafeplacetoliveinUsingStructures4.Q:Wouldyouliketotraveintospacesomeday?A:Yes,andIwanttobecome___________________________.(登陆火星的第一个中国人)5.Q:Couldyouprovideasimpleintroductiontohowspacerocketswork?A:I’mafraidthewholeprocessis__________________________________.(太复杂了,无法用几句话解释清楚).Ex1.Completethesentencesusinginfinitivesastheattributeortheadverbial.thefirstChinesetolandonMarstoocomplicatedtoexplaininafewwordsUsingStructures1.Thespaceshuttle(航天飞机)wascreatedasareusablelaunchvehicle_________astronautsandotherequipmentintopaceandbackagain.Theshuttlelookslikeanordinaryplanebutithasacargobay(货仓)thatislargeenough________asatellite.2.Spaceprobes(航天探测器)areoftensenttoplacesthataretoofarawayortoodangerousforahuman_______footin.Forexample,in1977,theVoyager1spaceprobewassent________picturesoftheplanetsSaturn(土星)andJupiter(木星).Ex2Completethesentencesusingthecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.tocarrytoholdtosettotakehold,build,provide,live,set,carry,select,fall,take,launch3.TheInternationalSpaceStationwastoobig________onEarthand_______intospace,sodifferentcountriesworkedtogetherandbuiltabout100modules(分离舱).Afterwards,thesemoduleswerejoinedtogetherinspace___________livingquarters,laboratories,andotherequipmentforastronauts_______formonths.4.Asthefirstwoman__________tomakeatripintospace,Tereshkovafeltluckyandproud.Whenthegreatdayfinallycameshewasa