讲次17 阅读理解解题策略指导-2021年高考英语题型大冲关（上海专用）

得阅读者得天下！阅读理解历来都是英语测试的重中之重，阅读恐惧也是每位考生最大的应试恐惧。以总

结了“重、定、划、看、防、读”阅读理解六字真诀，希望对阅读理解解题有所启示。

一、“重”----”重文本”

“重文本读懂文章最重要。文本是题源所在，如果将考生比作勘探人员，那么文本就是他们的勘探场

所。撰题者正式通过对文章的深入剖析，才将一个个地宝藏埋藏其中，让考生去发掘。所以读懂文本不仅

是正确解题的第一步，也是最关键的一步。

1、首尾在心，紧扣中心

任何一位作者都会有自己的写作意图，任何一篇文章都会有自己的中心主旨，而能否明晰作者的写作

意图，能否把握文章的主旨，是理解一篇文章的关键，也是阅读水平高低的体现。为了考察考生对文章的

理解程度和阅读水平，出题者必然会以各种方式对作者的写作意图与文章的主旨要义进行考察。一般来说,

文章的主旨经常会被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。

要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入点，因此同学们应格外注意它们。

2、学会跳读，心中有图

阅读理解要做到心中既有森林，又有树木，既要统揽全文，又要主次有别。跳读即可用来通读全文，

了解大意，又可用来搜寻细节，锁定被考察信息——如此既把握了整体，又不会忽视细节。在跳读时一定

不要借用母语翻译，而要通过情景想象、提纲列表、重点连线、简图示意等手段来梳理文章脉络，使之直

观化、形象化、具体化。

3、善于猜测词义

各类考试都允许出现3%的超纲词汇，这些词汇往往文中都会给出暗示，考生可以根据上下文来推断他

们的意思；有些其后则会紧跟其同位语，直接对其进行解释说明；有的词汇（多数为名词）只需判定它是

某类事物即可，比如人名、地名、某类动、植物等等，而无须弄明白其具体意思；有些词真是猜不出意思

也不必太在意，因为一、两个词不认识根本不会对文章理解带来障碍，一定不能因之而恐慌，从而影响发

挥。对于词义猜测试题中的超纲词，文中肯定会对其进行或解释、或同义、或暗示，只要细心，只要思路

开阔，就一定能发现线索，确定其含义。

二、定——“定区间”

“定区间”。就是能够圈定各题答案的范围。出题者一般都是根据文本的某一段，或某一段的某一句，或某

一句的某一词，或根据隐藏在字里行间的作者的暗示进行题设。这就要求做题时要进行回想、返查，锁定

与问题相关信息的所在区域，为正确解题打基础。这个过程就像捉迷藏一样，要想找到文本中躲藏的“猫猫”,

就必须对藏躲“猫猫”的区域谙熟于心，进而准确定位，圈定范围，定能一抓一个准。

三、划——“划根据”

作答时理由要充分，并在文章中划出解题依据。能够在文本中划出解题根据是正确解题的关键，更是

阅读理解不丢分的保障，在做阅读理解时要做到“不见根据不做题”。理由充分，根据凿实，这是“不仅知其

然，而且知其所以然”的超高境界，是阅读水平提高的最大见证。从这种意义上讲，“戈中,字诀是“重、定、戈I、

看、防、读''六字真诀之尤为重要者。

四、看——“看转换”

注意同一意思的不同表述（同意转述）。英语语言相当丰富，同一意思会有多种不同表达，以避免语言

表述上的单调重复。考试中常见的题型“同意改写”就是考察学生的这一能力的。以句型“决定做某事”为例，

英语中就有不下就中表达：

1.decidetodosth.

2.makeadecisiontodosth.

3.determinetodosth.

4.bedeterminedtodosth.

5.makeadeterminationtodosth

6.resolvetodosth.

7.makearesolutiontodosth.

8.makeupone'smindtodosth.

9.setone,smindtodosth.

出题者设计试题时总会用不同的语言结构对文本中的某些信息进行同意转述。有的转述会很明显，可以一

目了然；但也不乏隐含很深的转述

五、防——“防陷井”

锁定是“true”还是“nottrue"，辨明形近词。英语阅读中的陷阱设置最常见的有两种，判断对错真假型和

词形相近型。对于判断对错真假型，考生做题前一定要认真审题，看准是“true”还是“nottrue"，是“right”还

是“wrong”，然后才着手解题。对于词形相近型要做只有两个字“细心”，三思而后选。只要细心，此类陷阱

就会很容易被识破。归根到底，“防”的主要对象是自己，防止慌张，防止粗心大意，防止那些"想当然''的想

法，防止自己的骄傲情绪——只要沉着应对，处处留心，任何陷阱都会被识别发现的。

六、读---“读全项”

做判断时要通读每一题的所有选项，区分鉴别，选择最佳。阅读理解是从三个或四个选项中选出一个

最佳选项，解题时考生要通读所有选项，比较鉴别，确定最佳。切不可挑读臆断，匆匆作答。比如做判断

对错真假型试题时，选项中会有“一对三错”或"三对一错”，通读全项就会补救误读题干所造成的过失。

一、“重”——《重文本”，读懂文章最重要。

i＞首尾在心，紧扣中心

例如:

Whatdoyouwanltobewhenyougrowup?Ateacher?Adoctor?Howaboutanice-creamtaster?

Yes,therereallyisajobwhereyoucangetpaidtotasteice-cream.JustaskJohnHarrion,an"OfficialTaste

Tester“fbrthepast21years.Testinghelpsmanufacturerstobesureofaproduct'squality.Duringhiscareer

Harrisonhasbeenresponsibleforapprovinglargequantitiesofthesweeticecream—aswellasfbrdeveloping

over75flavors（味道）.

Somepeoplethinkthatitwouldbeeasytodothisjob,afterall,youjusthavetolikeicecream,right?No一

there'smoretothejobthanthat,saysHarrison,whohasadegreeinchemistry.Hepointsoutthatadairyor

food-sciencedegreewouldbeveryusefultosomeonewantingacareerinthis"cool"field.

Inatypicalmorningonthejob,Harrisontastesandassesses60ice-creamsamples.Heletstheicecream

warmuptoabout12°F.Harrisonexplains,"Yougetmoreflavorfromwarmericecream,whichiswhysomekids

liketostirit,creatingice-creamsoup.”

Whiletheicecreamwarmsup,Harrisonlooksoverthesamplesandgradeseachoneonitsappearance.

“Tastingbeginswiththeeyes,,,heexplains.Hecheckstoseeiftheicecreamisattractiveandaskshimself,"Does

theproducthavethecolorexpectedfromthatflavor?^^Nextit'stimetotaste!

Continuingtothinkupnewideas,tryoutnewflavors,andtestsamplesfromsomanykindsoficecreameach

daykeepsHairisonbusybuthappy-workingatonecooljob.

65.WhatisJohnHarrison'sjob?

A.Anofficial.B.Anice-creamtaster.

C.Achemist.D.Anice-creammanufacturer.

66.Whichofthefollowingisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage?

A.TastingwithEyesB.FlavorsofIceCream

C.JohnHarrison'sLifeD.OneCoolJob

【答案】BD

【解析】本文讲述社会上出现的一种很酷的工作（cooljob）-冰淇淋调味师。根据文章首尾段，可以很

快锁定答案。

例如：

Chimpswillcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirteiritoey.Butbeyondthe

minimumrequirementsassocialbeings,IheyhavelitlleinstincK本能）tohelponeanother.ChimpsinIhewildseek

foodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwith[heirchildren,whoareablefroma

youngagetogathertheirownfood.

Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon'tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinone

plateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreatereffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighborinthenextcage,

hewillpullatrandom-hejustdoesn'tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.

Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,arenaturallycooperative.Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelp

others,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohas

studiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexperimentswithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18

monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.

Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught,butnaturally

possessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestarted

totraintheirchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthe

childrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelopsinchildrenbeforetheirgeneral

cognitive（认知的）skills,atleastwhencomparedwithchimps.IntestsconductedbyTomasello,thehumanchildren

didnobetterthanthechimpsonthephysicalworldtestsbutwereconsiderablybetteratunderstandingthesocial

world.

Thecoreofwhatchildren'smindshaveandchimps'don'tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partof

thisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwant

tobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa"we"、agroupthatintendstoworktowardashared

goal.

60.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildren

B.waystotrainchildren'ssharedintentionality

C.cooperationasadistinctivehumannature

D.thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren

【答案】c

【解析】主旨大意题，从文章首段及尾段即推断。本文属于科普说明文，作者从猩猩的自私行为导入到人

类无私帮助他人的本能，分析了人类具有愿意帮助他人、愿意与他人合作的本能的原因。

例如:

Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalso

offersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.Whydoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?

Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort-thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandour

world-issimplysomethingthatcomesfromourbabyhood.Perhapsevolutionprovidedhumanbabieswith

curiosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds,andadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethat

servedthemaschildren.Thesamecognitive（认知的）systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguring

somethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultscientists.Assomepsychologistsputit,"Itisnotthatchildrenare

littlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren.”

53.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

A.Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren'splay.

B.Studyingbabies'playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.

C.Childrenmayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.

D.One'sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.

【答案】B

【解析】段落大意题。根据本段内容尤其是第一句可知，本段主要讲“研究孩子的游戏可以让人们更好地理

解科学”，故选B。

2.学会跳读，心中有图

例如：

Stopwastingyourtimethinkingofreasonsforyourfailuresandshortcomings.Instead,realizethattheseedsof

successwereplantedwithinyouwhenyouwereborn.Onlyyouhavethepowertomakethoseseedsgrow.

Theseeds,andthepowertogrowthem,arecontainedinthehumanmind.Successisachoiceandnota

chance.Youcanbeasuccessifonlyyoumaketherightchoice.

Youcannotbesuccessfulwithoutfirstdevelopingyourself-esteem.Yourlevelofself-esteemisalwaysbased

onthedegreeofcontrolthatyouareabletoexerciseoveryourself,andthusoveryourlife.Peoplewithlow

self-esteemdonotbelievethattheyhaveanypower,orresponsibilityfortheirlives.Theyareleavestossed（摇摆）

bythewindsofchanceblownaboutwithanysuddenchangeintheweather.

Youcanexercisecontroloveryourlifeonlytothedegreethatyoubelievethatyouareresponsiblefor

whateverhappensinyourlife.Failuresthinkthateverythinghappensbyaccidentwhilesuccessfulpeoplerealize

thattheyareresponsible.

Everythinghappensasaresultofsomething.Ifwecanidentifythecause,wecancontroltheeffect.Weare

responsibleforwhatweconsciouslychoosetoacceptandbelieve.Thoughtsandbeliefscauseeverything.Our

attitudesandactionsarearesultofhabitsingrainedinusoveraperiodoftime.Onegenerallyrisestothelevelthat

oneexpects.Weareresponsibleforsettingourexpectations.Oursuccessdependsuponourlevelofconfidence.We

areresponsibleforeitherreinfbrcing（强化）goodhabitsorkickingbadhabitsandconsciouslyreplacingthemwith

consistentlypracticedgoodhabits.

Ifyouassociatewithpositive-thinkingpeople,youaredefinitelygoingtoachievesuccess.Onthecontrary,the

oppositehappens.Weareresponsibleforfinding,planting,andnurturing（培育）theseedsthatcontainfuture

victory,bomfromsetbacks.

Inshort,inallareasofyourlife,whethertheyarefinancial,physical,emotional,orspiritual,youare

responsible.Onceyourecognizethis,acceptit,andfirmlybelieveit,youareontheroadtosuccess.

1.Peoplewithlowself-esteemarecomparedtoleavesbecausethey.

A.arereadytochangetheirminds

B・areeasilyaffectedbywindyweather

C.Don'thavethepowertofacetheirfate

D.Can'texercisecontroloverthemselves

【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段第三句话“Peoplewithlowself-esteemdonotbelievethattheyhaveany

power,orresponsibilityfortheirlives.”以及第四句话“Theyareleavestossed（摇摆）bythewindsofchanceblown

aboutwithanysuddenchangeintheweather.”可知不自信的人是因为他们不相信自己有能力，也不相信自己能

够为自己的生活做主。他们就像随风摇摆的落叶。也就是说他们不能掌控自己。故选择D。

2.Loserswouldthinkthat.

A.successistheresultofhardwork

B.workinghardwillleadtosuccess

C.theirfailureisonlybecauseofbadluck

D.theydon'tmakeeffortstosucceed

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句话“Failuresthinkthateverythinghappensbyaccident...”可知，失败者

总是认为事情的发生都是偶然的。故选择C,认为自己的失败只是由于时运不济。

3、善于猜测词义

例如：

[1].-

[2]Doyouknowwhata"territory"is?Aterritoryisanareathatananimal,usuallythemale,claimsasits

own.Onlyheandhisfamilyarewelcomethere.Nootherfamiliesofthesamespeciesarewelcome.Youryardand

houseareyourterritorywhereonlyyourfamilyandfriendsarewelcome.Ifastrangershouldenteryourterritory

andthreatenyou,youmightshout.Probablythiswouldbeenoughtofrightenhimaway.

Whatisabird's"territory”？

A.Aplacewherefamiliesofotherspeciesarenotaccepted.

B.Aplacewhereabirdmayshoutatthetopofitsvoice.

C.Anareaforwhichbirdsfightagainsteachother.

D.Anareawhichabirdconsiderstobeitsown.

【答案】D

【解析】文章第二段首先提出什么是“territory"，紧跟着就是对“territory”的解释，由定义可推知，这里

“territory”指的是“鸟类的地盘”。

例如：

Astudyinvolving8,500teenagersfromallsocialbackgroundsfoundthaimostofthemareignoraniwhenit

comestomoney.Thefindings,thefirstinascriesofreportsfromNatWeslthathasstartedafive-yearresearch

projectintoteenagersandmoney,arcparticularlyworryingasthisgenerationofyoungpeopleislikelytobe

burdenedwithgreaterdebtsmananybefore.

Universitytuitionfees（学费）arecurrentlycappedat£3,000annually,butthiswillbereviewednextyearand

theGovernmentisunderenormouspressuretoraisetheceiling.

73.Thephrase"toraisetheceiling"inparagraph2probablymeans"

A.toraisethestudentloansB.toimprovetheschoolfacilities

C.toincreasetheupperlimitofthetuitionD.tolifttheschoolbuildingroofs

【答案】c

【解析】这是一道词义猜测题，由第二段可知，目前大学里每一年的学费都已经高达3000英镑，但是，明

年政府由于压力还可能会提高学费的上限。所以答案为C。raise表示“增加、提高“，ceiling表示“（物价、

工资等的）最高限度、上限”。

例如:

“Getyourhandsoffme,Ihavebeenstolen,thelaptop,aportablecomputer,shouted.Thatisanewsolution

tolaptopcomputertheft:aprogramthatletsownersgivetheirpropertyavoicewhenithasbeentaken.

Theprogramallowsuserstodisplayalertsonthemissingcomputer'sscreenandeventosetaspokenmessage.

Trackingsoftwareforstolenlaptopshasbeenonthemarketforsometime,butthisisthoughttobethefirstthat

allowsownerstogivethethiefapieceoftheirmind.

72.Theexpression“togivethethiefapieceoftheirmind,,canbeunderstoodas”

A.togivethethiefanalertmind

B.toexpresstheowners'angertothethief

C.toremindthethiefofhisconscience

D.tomakethethiefgiveuphismind

【答案】B

【解析】细节理解。根据文章的第一段和第二段内容可知答案B最佳。

二、“定”——“定区间”，圈定各题答案的范围。

例如:

CaraLangis13.ShelivesinBoston,Massachusetts,U.S.LastThursday,shedidn'tgotoschool.She

wenttoworkwithherfatherinstead.Everyyear,onthefourthThursdayinApril,millionsofyounggirlsgowork.

ThisisTakeOurDaughterstoWorkDay.Thegirlsarebetweentheagesof9and15.Theyspendthedayatwork

withanadult,usuallyamother,father,aunt,oruncle.Theygotooffices,policestations,laboratories,andother

placeswheretheirparentsorotherfamilymemberswork.Nextyear,thedaywillincludesons,too.

TheMs.Foundation,anorganizationforwomen,startedtheprogramabouttenyearsago.IntheU.S.,many

womenworkoutsidethehome.TheMs.Foundationwantedgirlstofindoutaboutmanydifferentkindsofjobs.

Then,whenthegirlsgrowup,theycanchooseajobtheylike.

Cara'sfatherisafilmdirector.Carasays,“Itwasveryexcitingformetogotodiestudiowithmydad.Isaw

alotofpeopledoingdifferentjobs.^^Manybusinesseshavespecialactivitiesforgirlsonthisday.Lastyear,Cara

wenttoworkwithherauntattheUniversityofMassachusetts.Intheengineeringdepartment,thegirlslearnedto

buildabridgewithloothpicksandCandy.InthechemistrydepartmentIheylearnedlousescales.Theylearned

aboutmanyotherkindsofjobs,too.

Rightnow,Caradoesnotknowwhatjobshewillhavewhenshegrowsup.ButbecauseofTakeOur

DaughterstoWorkDay,sheknowsshehasmanychoices.

65.WhatisCara'sfather?

A.Anengineer.B.Anofficial.C.Amoviemaker.D.Aprofessor.

【答案】c

【解析】从第三段，第一句中可以看出是一名导演，故选C。

66.Accordingtothepassage,TakeourDaughterstoworkDayis.

A.oneveryThursdayinAprilB.aholidayforgirlsofallages

C.adayforgirlstoknowaboutjobsD.adayforgirlstogetajobeasily

【答案】c

【解析】从整个第二段可以看出，故选C。

67.Onthisspecialday,CarahasdoneallthefollowingEXCEPTthat.

A.shelearnedtousescalesB.sheworkedasanactress

C.shewenttoworkwithherauntD.sheusedtoothpicksandCandytobuildabridge

【答案】B

【解析】“带女儿去工作''节。该节日的目的就是使得女孩子能够了解各种各样的工作，以便将来选择工作

时候有所参考。定位文章倒数第二段，而充当女演员并没有提及，故选B。

68.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthepassage?

A.CaraLang,aFortunateGirlB.TakeOurDaughterstoWorkDay

C.Children'sDayandWorkDayD.Ms.Foundation,anOrganizationforWomen

【答案】B

【解析】从文章结尾段可以看出，介绍了美国的一种特殊节日，故选B。

三、“划，，一，，划根据，作答时理由要充分，并在文章中划出解题依据。

例如：

Arewegettingmorestupid?AccordingtoGeraldCrabtree,ascientistatStanfordUniversityintheUS,weare.

Youmaynotwanttohearthis,butCrabtreebelievesthathumanintelligencereacheditspeakmorethan2,000

yearsagoandeversincethenhasbeengoingdownhill.66IfanaverageGreekfrom1,000BCweretransportedto

moderntimes,heorshewouldbeoneofthebrightestamongus,"CrabtreetoldTheGuardian.

AttheheartofCrabtree'sthinkingisasimpleidea.Inthepast,intelligencewascriticalforsurvivalwhenour

ancestorshadtoavoiddangerousanimalsandhuntforfood.Thedifferenceofbeingsmartorstupidisoftenlifeor

death.However,afterthespreadofagriculture,whenourancestorsbegantoliveindensefarmingcommunities,the

needtokeeptheirintelligenceinpeakconditiongraduallyreduced.

Thisisnothardtounderstand.Mostofthetime,pressureiswhatkeepsusgoing-youneedthepressurefrom

yourteacherstofinishyourhomework;thepressureoflookingprettypromptsyoutoloseweightwhensummer

comes.Andthesameisalsotrueofourintelligence-ifwethinkless,webecomelesssmart.

Thesemutations（变异）areharmfultoourintelligenceandtheywerealldevelopedinthepast3,000years.The

otherevidencethatCrabtreeholdsisinourgenes.Hefoundthatamongthe2,000to5,000genesthatwehavethat

determinehumanintelligence,therearetwoormoremutationsineachofus.

However、Crabtree'stheoryhasbeencriticizedbysomewhosaythatearlyhumansmayhavebetterhunting

andsurvivingabilities、butpeopletodayhavedevelopedamorediverseintelligence.Forexample,spearingatiger

doesn'tnecessarilyrequiremorebrainpowerthanplayingchessorwritingapoem.Moreover,thepowerofmodern

educationmeansalotmorepeoplehavetheopportunitytolearnnowadays.

“Youwouldn'tgetStephenHawking2,000yearsago.Hejustwouldn'texist,“ThomasHillsoftheUniversity

ofWarwick,UK,toldLiveScience."Butnowwehavepeopleofhisintellectualcapacitydoingthingsandmaking

insightsthatwewouldneverhaveachievedinourenvironmentofevolutionaryadaptation.^^

65.SomearguethatCrabtree'stheoryisfalsebecausetheythink.

A.peopletodayareundermuchmorepressurethanearlyhumans

B.it'sridiculoustocompareahunter'sandapoet'sintelligence

C.moderneducationisfarmoreadvancedthanancienteducation

D.humanintelligencenowadaysisdifferentfromthatofthedistantpast

【答案】D

【解析】根据题干，从倒数第二段划线部分可以找到答案依据。

三、，，看”一“看转换、注意同一意思的不同表述（同意转述）。

例如:

AlthoughneitheroftheAdelmansisacademicallytrainedinliterature,theprogrammes,containplentyof

Shakespearetraditionandbackground.TheirworkshoponHenryV,forexample,includesahelpfulexplanationof

Henry'swinningstrategyattheBattleofAgincourt.Buttheydocometothetextwithafewbiases（偏向）:their

readingofHenryVminimizeshismisuseofpower.Instead,theyemphasizethestoryoftheyouthwhoseizes

opportunityandbecomesamasterfulleader.AndattheworkshoponCaesar,Mr.Adelmanhadlittlegoodtosay

aboutBrutus,saying“thenoblestRomanofthemall“couldn'tmakehismindupaboutthings.

75.WhydotheAdelmansconductaworkshoponHenryV?

A.Tohighlighttheimportanceofcatchingopportunities.

B.Toencouragemasterfulleaderstoplanstrategiestowin.

C.Toillustratetheharmofprejudicesinmanagement.

D.Towarnexecutivesagainstpowermisuse.

【答案】A

【解析】根据"Instead,theyemphasizethestoryoftheyouthwhoseizesopportunityandbecomesamasterful

leader.相反，他们强调年轻人的故事。这些年轻人能够抓住机会以及成为有能力的领导”可以知道答案

是强调抓住机会的重要性。其中highlight强调和emphasize是同义词，seizesopportunity和catch

opportunities是同义词。

五、“防”---“防陷井”。锁定是“true”还是“nottrue"，辨明形近词。

例如：

WestEndtheatreisapopulartermformainstreamprofessionaltheatreinLondon,orsometimesmore

specificallyforshowsstagedinthelargetheatresofLondon's"Theatreland”.AlongwithNewYork'sBroadway

Theatre,WestEndtheatreisusuallyconsideredtorepresentthehighestleveloftheatreintheEnglishspeaking

world.SeeingaWestEndshowisacommontouristactivityinLondon.

Totalattendancesbrokethe12millionin2002,andinMayandJune2005.TheTimesreportedthatthisrecord

mightbebrokenin2005.Factorsbehindhighticketsalesinthefirsthalfof2005includednewhitmusicalssuchas

BillyElliot,theProducersandMaryPoppinsandthehighnumberoffilmstarsappearing.Sincethelate1990s

therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofAmericanactorsontheLondonstage.

London'smaintheatredistrictislocatedintheheartoftheWestEndofthecitycentre.Renownedtheatre

streetsincludeDruryLane,ShaftesburyAvenue,andtheStrand.Thisareacontainsapproximatelyfortylarge

theatresandisoftenreferredtoTheatreland.Theworksstagedaremainlymusicals,classicorplays,andcomedy

performances.

Mostofthetheatersin“Theatreland''arelateVictorianofEdwardian,andtheyareprivatelyowned.Mostof

themhavetheirowncharacteristicswithasplendidpast.Ontheotherhand,presentaudiencewillfindthemnot

comfortableasthelegroomoftheseatisoftencramped(peopleweresmallerahundredyearsago)andaudience

facilitiessuchasbarsandrestroomsareoftenmuchsmallerthanthoseinmodemtheatres.Theprotectedstatusof

thebuildingsandtheirconfinedurbanlocations,combinedwithfinanciallimit,meanthatitisverydifficultto

makethroughimprovementstothelevelofcomfortoffered.In2004,itwasestimatedthataninvestmentof£250

millionwasrequiredformodernization,andthetheatreownersfailedtorequestalowertaxtohelpthemmeetthe

costs.

56.WhichofthefollowingstatementdoesnotdescribeWestEndtheatreright?

A.WestEndtheatrereferstotheprofessionaltheatreinLondon.

B.WestEndtheatreisoneofthefamoustheatresinLondon.

C.WestEndtheatrealsoreferstotheplaysinthetheatrelandinLondon.

D.SeeingWestEndtheatreshowisamustfortouriststoLondon.

57.Whatmightnolbethereasonfortheincreasingticketsale?

A.WestEndtheatreoftenstagesbestmusicals.

B.WestEndtheatrehasattractedquiteanumberoffilmstars.

C.TheatrelandislocatedintheheartoftheWestEnd.

D.Thefacilitiesoftraditionaltheatreshavebeenimproved.

58.Whichcanyounotinferfromthepassage?

A.BroadwaytheatrealsoreflectsthehighleveloftheatreintheEnglish-speakingworld.

B.WestEndtheatrecameintoexistencearound100yearsago.

C.WestEndtheatreusedtobelongtoQueenVictoriaandKingEdward.

D.Thetheatreownersdidnotsucceedinpersuadinggovernmenttoreducetheirtaxtorebuildthetheatres.

【答案】BDC

【解析】注意题干中“doesnotdescribe";"notbethereason";"notinfer”。审题需细心，防止陷阱。

六、，，读”—“读全项，做判断时要通读每一题的所有选项，区分鉴别，选择最佳。

例如：

Youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatoneofthebeststepsyoucantaketoprotectyourhealthistostepoutside

andspendsometimeinthegrass,dirtandwater.Ourancestorsenjoyedthehealing（治愈）powerofnature,andnow

scientistsarestartingtocatchup.Researchershavedocumentedhowcontactwithnaturecandecreasemental

tiredness,andenhancemoods,concentrationandproblem-solving.Justhavingaviewofnaturehasbeenshownto

improvehospitalpatients'recoveryandreduceillnessrates.Exposuretotheopenair,horsebackriding,hikingand

campingcanalsobehelpfulforavarietyofhealthconditionsinadultsandchildren.Muchofthistypeofresearchis

focusingonchildren,andinfactanentiremovementhasdevelopedquicklytoconnectkidswiththehealingpower

ofnature.

Obesity.Ratesofchildhood,adultobesityandrelatedconditionsincludingdiabetes（糖尿病）andheartdisease

havegrowngreatlyinrecentyears,partlybecauseofreducingthetimeofoutdooractivities.Thisproblemcanbe

partlyaddressedbyincreasingthetimestudentsspendlearningaboutnature,bothinandoutsidethe

classroom.Suchlessonsaremoreengagingtostudentsandoftenleadthemtobecomemoreactiveoutside.

Attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder（ADHD）（注意力缺失多动症）.Anexposuretoordinarynatural

settingsinthecourseofcommonafter-schoolandweekendactivitiesmaybewidelyeffectiveinreducingattention

shortnesssymptoms（症状）inchildren.ParticipationingreenactivitieshelpsADHDpatientskeepfocusedand

completetasks.

Stress.Accesstonature,evenhouseplants,canhelpchildrendealwithstress.

Depressionandseasonalaffectivedisorder.Majordepressionrequiresmedicaltreatment,butphysical

activities,especiallythosedoneoutdoors,canhelpeasesymptoms.Stayinginthesunshineforjustafewminutes

canalsohelpsupplybone-buildingvitaminD.Expertssaythatsimplywalkinginacityparkcanenjoynature's

benefits.

14.TheeffectsofoutdooractivitiesincludeallofthefollowingEXCEPT

A.helpingchildrentocontrolstress

B.helpingpeopletoincreasethevitaminDlevel

C.helpingchildrentoreducethesymptomsofADHD

D.helpingscientiststobelievethehealingpowerofnature

【答案】D

【解析】根据文中第三、四、五段可知，户外活动可以帮助我们缓解注意力缺失多动症，减轻压力，增加

维生素D的合成。

例如：

ResearchersinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles(UCLA)have

discoveredamajordifferenceinthewaymenandwomenrespondtostress.Thisdifferencemayexplainwhymen

aremorelikelytosufferfromstress-relateddisorders.

Untilnow,psychologicalresearchhasmaintainedthatbothmenandwomenhavethesameufight-or-flightM

reactiontostress.Inotherwords,individualseitherreactwithaggressivebehavior,suchasverbalorphysical

conflict("fight"),ortheyreactbywithdrawingfromthestressfulsituation("flight").However,theUCLAresearch

teamfoundthatmenandwomenhavequitedifferentbiologicalandbehavioralresponsestostress.Whilemen

oftenreacttostressinthefight-or