上海市师范大学第二附属中学高三适应性调研考试新高考英语试题及答案解析

上海市师范大学第二附属中学高三适应性调研考试新高考英语试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Thenewproductisbeyondallpraiseandhasquicklytakenoverthemarket________itssuperiorquality.A．intermsof B．onaccountofC．onbehalfof D．ontopof2．Aftershebecameill,Ifelt______withher—shewascheerywhileIfeltgloomy.A．outoftune B．outofbreath C．outofcuriosity D．outofmind3．Asisknown,onlyhardleadstohappiness.A．workB．worksC．workedD．working4．Playingwiththeirpeers,childrenlearntoandnotdoexactlywhattheywanttodo.A．compromiseB．competeC．contributeD．construct5．Lisawouldn’t________thejobanymore.Shehadabigargumentwithherbossandresigned.A．comeupwith B．keepupwithC．makeupwith D．putupwith6．—Iamafraidthispairofshoesisalittleexpensive．—Ifyoureallywanttobuythem,Iwillgiveyoua____of10percent．A．quantity B．amount C．discount D．account7．Youthisaperiodofourlifeweseenolimittoourhopesandwishes.A．where B．thatC．what D．when8．Sometimesitseemstobothertheteacher______allthestudentsarebeingtooquiet.A．how B．whatC．that D．where9．TheChinesepeoplearekindandcaring.Ifnot,I_____inChinainthepast30years.A．didn’tstay B．hadn’tstayedC．couldn’tstay D．couldn’thavestayed10．HadMarynotbeenhurtinthecaraccident,________thenextweek’smarathon.A．shewouldrun B．shewouldhaverunC．shewillrun D．shemusthaverun11．Eithersideseemstohavea(n)_________position;therearestillmanyuncertaintiesonthisissue.A．ambiguous B．delicate C．explicit D．confidential12．ThefamousbookFrankenstein,________byBritishnovelistMaryShelley,isthefirstworkofsciencefiction.A．writing B．havingwrittenC．written D．waswritten13．Beijing’snewinternationalairportintooperationin2019willserve72millionpassengersannually.A．beingputB．tobeputC．putD．toput14．—Thefoodhereisniceenough.—Myfriend________mearightplace.A．introduces B．introducedC．hadintroduced D．wasintroducing15．Theteachertoldthechildren______quietinthemuseum.A．keepB．keptC．keepingD．tokeep16．Tocombatglobalwarming,manypeopleare_________theuseofalternativeenergysources.A．applyingto B．jumpingat C．dippinginto D．pushingfor17．Maybeitistimefortherestofsocietyto_________thefact_________Imaynotbeabletowalk,therearemanyothergreatthingsIcando.A．adjustto;thatB．getusedto;thatwhileC．adaptto;whileD．goabout;thatwhile18．It’scertainlyhardwork.But,amanwhowishestohaveacareerhastomakeagreatmanysacrifices.A．onthecontrary B．inaddition C．ontheotherhand D．inthatcase19．—Iamjustwonderingwhichteam,ChicagoBullsorWashingtonWizards,wonthegamelastnight?—________Idon’treallylikeeitherteam.A．Don’tmentionit.B．Noproblem.C．Whocares?D．Whybother?20．Helikedthelovelydogsomuchthathe________hisbookandplayedwithitimmediately.A．gaveoff B．setasideC．tookover D．turneddown第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Hitsongsarebigbusiness,sothereisanincentiveforcomposerstogetthoseingredientsthatmightincreasetheirchancesofsuccess.Butsongsarecomplexmixturesoffeatures.Howtoanalysethemismademoredifficultbythefactthatwhatispopularchangesovertime.ButNataliaKomarova,amathematicianattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,thinksshehascrackedtheproblem.Hercomputeranalysissuggeststhatthesongscurrentlypreferredbyconsumersaredanceable,party-likenumbers.Unfortunately,thoseactuallywritingsongsprefersomethingelse.SheandhercolleaguescollectedinformationonmusicreleasedinBritainbetween1985and2015.Theylookedinmusic“metadata(元数据)’’thatareusedbymusicloversandareoftentappedintobyacademics.Metadataareinformationaboutthenatureofasongthatcangivelistenersanideaofwhatthatsongislikebeforetheyhearit.Dr.Komarovaandherteamwerepresentedwithmorethan500,000songstodetectnumerousmusicalfeatures.Theteamfedallofthisinformationintoacomputerandcomparedthefeaturesofsongsthathadmadeitintothecharts(排行榜)withthoseofsongsthathadnot.Overall,theteam’sresultssuggestedthatchartsuccesseswerehappierandbrighterthantheaveragesongsreleasedduringthesameyear.Charttopperswerealsomorelikelythanaveragesongstohavebeenperformedbywomen.Dr.Komarovausedtheseresultstotrainhercomputertotrytopredictwhetherarandomlypresentedsongwaslikelytohavebeenahitinagivenyear.Themachinecorrectlypredictedsuccess75%ofthetime,comparedwiththatfromthemusicdatabase.Contentisn’teverything.Asmightbeexpected,circumstances,particularlyanyfamealreadyattachedtoarecordingartistorartists,hadaneffecttoo.Butnotahugeone.Thatsuggeststhatmusicalfameisactuallyattachedtotalent,ratherthantoadvertising.Andthisisalessonforanindustrythatsomebelieveisnotconnectedenoughtotalent.1、Whyisitdifficulttotellwhatmakesgoodmusic?A．Whatpeoplethinkispopularchangeswiththetime.B．Whatsomepeoplethinkpopularisn’tforotherpeople.C．Noonecaresaboutwhatmakespopularmusic.D．It’sdifficulttoknowthefeaturesofpopularmusic.2、Whatcanweinferfromtheresultsoftheteam’sresearch?A．Thecontentofgoodmusiccanbetypedintocomputers.B．Goodmusichasthequalitytomakepeoplethinkaboutlife.C．Happierandbrightersongsaremorelikelytomakethecharts.D．Analysiscandecideinadvancewhetherasongwillbepopular.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentive”inParagraph1mean?A．Expression.B．Motivation.C．Exhibition.D．Division.4、What’stherelationshipbetweenmusicalfameandthesinger?A．Afamoussingerwillmakeanymusiche/shesingspopular.B．Goodmusicdependsonwhetherthesingeriswidelyadvertised.C．Agoodfemalesingercanmakeanaveragesongpopular.D．Talentismoreimportantthanfametomakeasongpopular.22．（8分）Childrenallovertheworldwhohavetriedthepotatoorlemonbatteryexperimentsknowthatanelectricalcurrentcanbegeneratedbycreatingareactionbetweenthefoodandtwodifferentmetals.However,researchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyhavefoundawaytoharvestpowerfromtrees.Theyusethesamemetalforbothelectrodes(电极)specificallyinordernottoconfusethiseffectwiththepotatoeffect.Whileprovingthattreescanprovideasourceofpowerisasignificantstep,akeyquestionremains:canthetinyvoltage(电压)producedbyatreebeusedforanythinguseful?Nowscientistsaredebatingoverhowtousethispowersourceforhumanbenefits.Themostpracticalthingisfirealarmforforestdepartment,originatingfromthetreeitself.Treeselectricpowercanchargeabattery.Thisbatteryinturnwillbeconnectedtoasmallsensor.Thissensorwillpowerabriefradiotransmission(传送).Thatradiosignalwilltransportdailysoilandairconditionmeasurementstoanetworkofmuchlarger,solarpoweredForest-Serviceenvironmentalmonitoringstations.Thosesensorswiltalsogiveoutacrisissignalintheeventofasuddenrisein-airtemperature-thatmightindicatetheoutbreakofaforestfire.“Itrulybelieveithaspotential,”saidVictoriaHenderson,branchchiefforequipmentandchemicalsattheForestServicedNationalInteragencyFireCenter.“Ifthiscanenhance(提高)ourexistingtechnologytoadegreethatwouldgainusalotmorefireprotection,thenwe’dlookataplantopurchaseitforournationwideinfrastructure(基础设施),whichishuge.”ResearchershavediscoveredthatthegreaterthepHdifferencebetweenthetreeandthesoilthemoretheenergywillbeproduced.Someresearchersalsoadmitthat“treepower”isn’taspracticalassolarenergy,butbelievethatthesystemcouldbescaled-upasalow-costoptionforpoweringtreesensorsthathelpdetectenvironmentalconditionsorforestfires,Usingtheelectronicoutputtokeeptrackofatree’shealthisanotherpossibility.1、Whydoestheauthormentionthepotatobatteryexperimentinthefirstparagraph?A．Toexplainwhatitis.B．Tostresstheimportanceofelectricity.C．Tointroducethepowersourcefromtrees.D．Toencouragepeopletotrythisexperiment.2、Whatdoweknowaboutthefirealarmmentionedinthethirdparagraph?A．Thefirealarmcanmakeaveryloudsound.B．Smokefromafirecancausethealarmtogooff.C．Theelectricpoweritneedscomesfromthetree.D．Ithasbeenwidelyusedintheforestdepartment.3、What’sVictoriaHenderson’sattitudetowardsthefirealarmsystem?A．Cautious.B．Favorable.C．Disapproving.D．Unconcerned,4、Whatcausestreestocreateelectricalcurrents?A．Thesensorimplantedinthetree.B．Thenewwayadoptedbytheresearchers.C．Thespecialmetalusedinthebatteryexperiment.D．ThepHdifferencebetweenthesoilandthetrees.23．（8分）Tenminutesofgentleexercisecanimmediatelychangehowcertainpartsofthebraincommunicateandcoordinate(协调)withoneanotherandimprovememoryfunction,accordingtoanencouragingnewstudy.Thescientistsinvited36peopleofdifferentagestothelabandhadthemsitquietlyonafixedbicyclefor10minutesor,onaseparatevisit,pedalthebicycleatapacesogentlethatitbarelyraisedtheirheartrates.Italsowasshort,lastingforonly10minutes.Immediatelyaftereachsessionofthesittingorslowpedaling,thepeoplecompletedacomputerizedmemorytestduringwhichtheywouldseeabriefpictureof,forinstance,atree,followedbyavarietyofotherimagesandthenanewimageofeitherthesametreeorasimilarone.Thepeoplewouldpressbuttonstoshowwhethertheythoughteachimagewasneworthesameasanearliershot.Thetestisdifficult,sincemanyoftheimagescloselyresembleoneanother.Itrequiresrapid,skillfulscanningrecentmemoriestodecidewhetherapictureisneworknown.Next,thescientistshadeachpeoplerepeatthisprocess--ridingorsittingonthebikefor10minutesandthencompletingmemorytesting--butthetestingnowtookplaceinsideanM.R.I.machine(磁共振成像仪)thatscannedthepeople'sbrainswhiletheyrespondedtotheimages.Thentheresearcherscomparedresults.Theeffectsoftheexercisewereclear.Thepeoplewerebetteratrememberingimagesaftertheyhadriddenthebike,especiallywhentheimagesmostcloselyresembledoneanother.Inotherwords,thehardertheirmemorieshadtodotheirbest,thebettertheyperformedaftertheexercise.TheM.R.I.scansshowedthatmemorypartsofeachpeople'sbrainlitupatthesametimewithpartsofthebrainassociatedwithlearning,indicatingthatthesephysicallyseparatepartsofthebrainwerebetterconnectednowthanwhenthepeoplehadnotfirstexercised.1、Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy?A．Byfillingupquestionnaires.B．Byinterviewingmanypeople.C．Bycomparingexperimentdata.D．Byreferringtohistoricalreports.2、Whomightbenefitmostfromthestudyresult?A．Themarketerspromotingfixedbicycles.B．Theyoungpeoplecrazyaboutbodybuilding.C．Thewhitecollarsdoinglong-termmentalwork.D．Theblue-collarsdoingheavyphysicallaborwork.3、Whichofthefollowingstatementsagreeswiththestudyresult?A．Thelightexerciseisonlygoodforyoungpeople.B．Themoretheexerciseis,thebetterthebrainworks.C．Theexercisecancoordinatedifferentpartsofthebody.D．Theexercisehasmorepositiveeffectwhenthebrainworksharder.4、Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Eventenminutes'exercisemaybegoodforthebrainB．ThereisnoneedforhumansdoingexerciseeverydayC．Onlytenminutes'lightexercisebenefitstheyoungmostD．Exercisecanchangepeople'sbrainsandmindsinalongtime24．（8分）FitbitChargeAspecialcut-off,just$39.99!Comeandgetone!EnergizeyourdaywithCharge—anadvancedactivitywristbandthattracksyourstepstaken,distancetraveled,caloriesburned,floorsclimbedandactiveminutes.Stayconnectedthroughoutthedaywithreal-timefitnessstatisticsandCallerIDontheOLEDdisplay.Andwhenthedayisdone,itautomaticallymonitorsyoursleepandsetsasilent,shakingalarm.Whetheryou’reattheofficeoronthego,Chargewirelesslysyncs(同步)yourstatisticstoyoursmartphoneandcomputertohelpyoufindthemotivationyouneedtoachieveyourgoals.DETAILEDINFORMATION•Size:Smallfits5.5"--6.5",Largefits6.5"--7.7".Refertothissizingguidetobesureyougettherightfit.•ActivityTracking--Accuratelytrackall-daystatisticslikestepstaken,distancetraveled,caloriesburned,stairsclimbed,andactiveminutes.•Seedailystatistics,timeofday,andexercisemodewithabrightOLEDdisplay.•AutoSleep+SilentAlarm—Monitoryoursleepautomaticallyandwakewithasilentalarm.•CallerID—Getcallnoticerightonyourwristwhenyoursmartphoneisnearby.•Accessreal-timerunstatisticsliketime,distance,andpacetostayontrack.•Syncstatisticswirelesslyandautomaticallytoyourcomputerandover150leadingsmartphones.•Seecompatible(兼容的)iOS,Android,andWindowsphones.FREQUENTLYASKEDQUESTIONS•HowdoIresetmytracker?Ifyourtrackerisnotresponding,itmaybefixedbyrestarting.1PlugyourchargingcableintotheUSBportandinsertyourtrackerintothechargingcable.2Insertapaperclipintothesmallpinholeonthebackofthecharger.3Pressonthepinholefor3—4seconds.Yourtrackerwillnowbereset.Takeyourtrackeroutofthechargerandinsertitbackintothewristband.•HowdoIchargemytracker?Yourtrackerbatterylastsforabout5days.Tochargeit,removethetrackerfromthebandandplaceitinthechargeruntilall5lightsaresolid.Ifyouhavemorequestions,youmayloginandpostyourquestionshere.Wewillsolveyourproblemsassoonaspossible.1、FromDETAILEDINFORMATION,weknowthatFitbitCharge________.A．haslimitedrangeofsizesandcolorsB．canhelptrackandcollectfitnessdataC．isalittlerobotthatcantalkwithownersD．cantextmessagelikesmartphones2、ItcanbeknownfromFREQUENTLYASKEDQUESTIONSthat________.A．thebatteryofthetrackercanlastforabout10daysB．expertsaretobeinvitedtohelpresetyourtrackC．anyquestionyouhaveaboutthetrackercanbepostedD．whenthetrackerisnotresponding,justchargeit3、Thispassageismainlywrittento________.A．introducetheusageofFitbitChargetoyouB．answersomequestionsaboutFitbitChargeC．callonthecustomerstobuyFitbitChargeD．offeryousomeadviceaboutshoppinginChristmas25．（10分）A12-year-oldwithendstagecancer,thechild’sparentshadrecentlymovedherfromthehospitaltoherhomeinthesuburbsofLosAngeles.Somedayslaterthegirl’sbreathquickened,andherfatherphonedthefamily’shospicenurse.Pleasecome,hesaid.Thenurseknewthevisitwouldrequiremorethanfourhoursofhertime:atwo-hourdriveineachdirection,plushertimewiththegirl.Whydon’tweconnectoverFaceTime,sheasked.Thefatheragreed,andtheyconnected.Thenurseaskedthefathertomovehisdaughtergentlytoherside,thentoherback,toliftthechild’sshirt.Thenursewouldask:Whatdoyousee,whatconcernsyou,andthefatherwouldexplain.Inthisfashionthepairexaminedthegirl---thenurseonhercomputer,thefatherhisiPad.Togethertheydecidedthatthenurse’spresencewasnotnecessary,thatthechildhadmoretime.Later,thefatherreportedfeelingcomfortedbythenurse.Heappreciatedheravailability,thefactthatshecouldseewhathesaw,andtheirabilitytodiscussitinrealtime.TelemedicinehasbecomeatrendinAmerica.Somehospitalshavegonesofarastospeciallydesigntelemedicineclinics.Theroomisstagedlikeanofficebutwithbetterlighting.There’sanicedeskforthecliniciantositbehind,acomputersituatedstageleft,andbooksinthebackground.Aphysiciantakingavideocallfromhomemightwearapairofheadphones,equippedwithamic---toensurewhateverthepatientsaysisn’tbroadcasttoanyoneoff-camera.However,thereissomethingmorethanthetechnologybit.AccordingtoDavid,theheadofthetelemedicinepilotthegirl’sfamilyhadbeenpartof,therearesomepeoplewhoaregreatinpersonandyouputthemoncamerathey’readeadfish.“Somephysiciansarecamerashy.Forothers,thephysicalisolationcanactuallyhelpthembemoreempathetic.”Headds.“Myexperienceisthat,onceyougetpastsomeinitialhurdles,youcanmaintainanintimate,immediateconnectionwithpatientsthatinsomecasesmaybemoreusefulthanevenin-personinteractions,”Davidsays.1、WhydidthenursesuggestingconnectingviaFaceTime?A．Becauseshewasnotallowedtoleaveherclinic.B．Becauseshehadtotakecareofotherpatientsintheclinic.C．Becauseittooktoomuchtimeonherwaytopatient’shome.D．Becausethefatherdidn’tpayforherfareoftransportation.2、Howdidthefatherthinkofthetelemedicineservice?A．Hedoubtedthequalityoftheservice.B．Hethoughthighlyoftheservice.C．Heinsistedtheservicebeimproved.D．Hechallengedtheauthorityofthenurse.3、Whatdoweknowabouttheroomsfortelemedicine?A．Betterairconditionersareprovidedforacomfortableenvironment.B．Micsareequippedtoprotectprivacyofpatients.C．Professionalbooksareinplaceforimmediateconsultation.D．Theroomwithacomputerissituatedinthedoctor’shome.4、Whatchallengesmaycliniciansfaceintelemedicine?A．Theyareafraidofbeingisolatedfrompatients.B．Theycouldnotexaminethepatientscarefully.C．Theyarerequiredtodealwithin-personinteractions.D．Theymaynotfeelquitethemselvesinfrontofacamera.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）Youmaybesurprisedtosee“makingsurechildrenneversuffer”asamistake.Thefollowingmayhelpyouunderstandhowrescuingchildrenfromallsufferingweakness.Alittleboyfeltsorryforabutterflystrugglingtofromitschrysalis.Hedecidedtothebutterfly.Sohepeeledthechrysalisopenforthebutterfly.Thelittleboywassotowatchthebutterflyspreaditswingsandflyoffintothesky.Thenhewashorrifiedhewatchedthebutterflyfalltothegroundanddiebecauseitdidnothavethemuscletokeepflying.Infact,thebutterfly’sstruggletothechrysalishelpsthebutterflybecomestronger.Likethelittleboy,toooftenwanttoprotecttheirchildrenfromstruggleintheoflove.Theydon’trealizethattheirchildrenneedtostruggle,toexperience,todealwithdisappointment,andtosolvetheirownproblems.Onlyinthiswaycanchildrentheiremotionalstrength,becomeanddeveloptheskillsnecessaryfortheevenbiggerstrugglestheywillmeetthroughouttheirlives.Childrenexperiencingsufferingscantheupsanddownsoflife.However,itisn’thelpfuleitherinthiscasewhenparentslectures(训斥),blameandshametowhatthechildisexperiencing.Motherstosay,“Stopcryingandactinglikeaspoiledboy.Youcan’talwaysgetwhatyouwant.”Thesewordsshouldbeavoided.Instead,parentscanofferlovingsupport.Youcansay,“Don’tlose.Bebrave!Youwillsucceedifyoutryagain.”Thencomesthetoughpart—noanolectures.Simplyallowhimtodiscoverthathecangetoverhisdisappointmentandwhathecandotogetwhathewantsinthefuture.1、A．story B．proverb C．saying D．Experiment2、A．damages B．burns C．creates D．experiences3、A．hear B．suffer C．date D．emerge4、A．kill B．feed C．help D．rescue5、A．excited B．moved C．puzzled D．depressed6、A．as B．since C．before D．until7、A．power B．energy C．strength D．force8、A．comeup B．doawaywith C．getalongwith D．breakawayfromwith9、A．teachers B．parents C．relatives D．friends10、A．case B．charge C．name D．course11、A．friendships B．scholarships C．relationships D．hardships12、A．strengthen B．require C．get D．achieve13、A．warm-heartedB．strong-willed C．absent-mind D．cold-blooded14、A．expect B．predict C．survive D．avoid15、A．add B．adapt C．devote D．contribute16、A．pretend B．happen C．tend D．seem17、A．discouraging B．inspiring C．interesting D．touching18、A．heart B．face C．sight D．weight19、A．parking B．smoking C．drinking D．rescuing20、A．figureout B．carryout C．ruleout D．dropout第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）OnSunday,abusinChongqingfellintotheYangtzeRiver,1．left15peopledead.Theaccident2．(cause)byafightbetweenanangrypassengerandthebusdriver.Awomanpassengerfailed3．(get)offattherightbusstop.Sheaskedthedrivertostopthebusandlethergetoff,butthedriverrefused.Aquarrelthenoccurred,withbothsidesusingunkind4．(word).Fiveminuteslater,shestruckthedriverontheheadwithhersmartphone,andthedriverfoughtbackwithhisrighthand.Withintwoseconds,thedrivertookbackhishand.However,he5．(lose)controlofthebusbeforeherealizedit.Thebushitaredcar,andfellintotheriver.6．isverybasiccommonsensethatthelivesandsafetyofthewholebusdependuponthedriver,butthewomanattackedthedriverbecauseofherownfault.On7．otherhand,thedriverdidn’tstaycalm.Asadriver8．(responsibility)forthewholebus,heshouldhavestoppedthebusbytheroadsidetoensuresafetywhileunderattack.Itwas9．(extreme)reckless(鲁莽的)tofightback.Iwonderwhynoneofthepassengerstookactiontostopthefight.10．anyoneofthepassengershadsteppedforwardbravely,thetragedymighthavebeenprevented.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短