老高考旧教材适用2025版高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解考点分类练十二主旨大意题-段落大意类

考点分类练(十二)主旨大意题——段落大意类Passage1(2024黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模)Theworldisgettinggreener,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinNaturethisweek.ChiChen,leadauthorofthestudy,andhiscolleagueshavebeenminingdatacollectedbyanorbitingNASAcamerathatmonitorsgreenvegetationonEarth’ssurface,daybyday.Evenmoreinteresting:Theyareabletoshowtheexactcausesofincreasingordecreasingleafcoverinparticularareas.Insomecoldplaces,increaseinleafcoverapparentlyresultedfromglobalwarming.Sincetheclimateisbecomingmoreandmoretemperateandthegrowingseasonisgettinglongerandlonger,theplantsaregrowingbiggerandleafierthere.“OnelargeareaofBrazillostvegetation.Ipersonallycheckedthedata,andthat’sbecauseoflackofrain,”Chensaid.Themoststrikingchanges,though,weretheresultofhumandecisionsinChinaandIndia.Bothcountrieshavebeengettingalotgreener.ThegreeningofIndia,Chensays,comesfromahugeexpansionofirrigatedagriculture.“Insteadofhavingjustcropswhenit’sraining,theyalsohaveawholesixmonthsofcroppingandgreennesswhenit’snotraining,”hesays.“Thisversionofgreeningisn’treallysogreatfortheenvironment,though.Theirrigationdrainsgroundwater,vegetationiswipedawayatharvesttimeandtheextrachemicalsfarmersuseproducegreenhousegases.”InChina,though,abouthalfofthenewleafcoverthatChendetectedappearstobetheresultofamassivereforestationeffort.It’sagovernment-supportedattempttopreventdisastrousduststormsthatresultedfromearlierdeforestation.“Theyarereallydoingagoodjob,”Chensays.“Theyhavealargeandcomprehensivetree-plantingprogram.Thosetreeswillstayinplace,capturing(捕获)dustandalsoCO2,thegreenhousegas.They’llstoreitinwood,rootsandsoil,doingtheirparttoslowglobalwarming.”1.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword“temperate”inparagraph3?A.Warm.B.Wet.C.Cold D.Dry.2.WhathasledtothedecreaseofleafcoverintheBrazilianarea?A.Treecutting. B.Dryweather.C.Seasonalharvest. D.Desertification.3.HowdoesChiChenprobablyfeelaboutthegreeninginIndia?A.Excited. B.Puzzled.C.Worried. D.Annoyed.4.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thebenefitsoftreeplanting.B.Theharmofglobalwarming.C.ThecostsofgreeninginChina.D.ThecauseofgreeninginChina.Passage2(2024吉林延边一模)Manypeoplehavewarmmemoriesofplayinggameswhilegrowingup.Doyourememberrunningaroundoutsideasachildplayingrock-paper-scissors?Youmaynothaverealizedit,butgamesareaveryimportantpartoflife.Duringprehistorictimes,humanswouldplayagamecalledKnucklebones.ToplayKnucklebones,theplayerswouldbalancesmallobjectslikesheepanklebonesonthetopoftheirhands,toss(抛掷)themintotheair,andthentrytocatchasmanyaspossible.Butwhydopeoplelovegamessomuch?Theyarefuntoplay,butthatisn’ttheonlyreason.Formost,gamesare“likechocolate:aguiltypleasureconsumedsecretly”,Canadian-AmericangamedesignerSidMeiersaid,“Theyhaveaseriesofinterestingchoices.”Therock-paper-scissorsgameisjustanexample.Ineveryturn,peoplemakeajudgment,whichisoftenbasedontheirpersonalitiesandpastexperiences.“Navigatingthesechoicesshapesthecourseofplay,revealingwhoweareandhowwethink,”TheNewYorkTimesnoted.“Playingagameisanactofexposition(展示).”Gamessuchasthisrequireafasterwayofthinkingthanineverydaylife.Butinterestingly,whenthegameisover,theplayerscanswitchoutofacompetitionmodequicklyandreturntonormal.“Itseparatesagamefromreality,”SamVonEhrenofTheNewYorkTimeswrote.“Wecanenterandexitthemagiccirclefreely.”Gamescanalsobeusedtohelpimprovecriticalthinkingskills.JusttakeGoasanexample.GoisagamethatwasmadeinancientChina,anditisstillevenplayedtoday.Eventhoughwedon’texactlyknowhowGostarted,manyresearchersthinkitwasinventedtohelpteachtacticsandstrategyskills.Eventoday,gamesarebeingusedtohelpsolvereal-worldproblems.Thesetypesofgamesarecalledseriousgames,andtheyareusedtohelpfindsolutionstoproblemsinfieldssuchaseducationandhealthcare,amongothers.Perhapsplayinggameshelpsustothinkoutsidetheboxinafunandinterestingway.5.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellus?A.ThewaytoplayKnucklebones.B.ThedevelopmentofKnucklebones.C.ThepopularityofKnucklebones.D.TheobjectsofKnucklebones.6.Whatcanwesayabouttherock-paper-scissorsgame?A.Itisagameofeatingchocolate.B.Itshowstheplayers’personalities.C.Thewayofthinkingisanecessaryrule.D.Judgmentsdecidetheplayers’pastexperiences.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph6mean?A.Awareness. B.Emotion.C.Politeness. D.Method.8.Whatcanweinferaboutgames?A.Gamesarenothingbutfunandinteresting.B.Gamesareseriousintheworldofadults.C.Playinggamesmayencouragecreativity.D.Weshouldplaygameswhilesolvingproblems.Passage3(2024江西九江二模)Anewstudywarns1,500endangeredlanguagescouldnolongerbespokenbytheendofthiscentury.Thestudy,ledbyTheAustralianNationalUniversity(ANU),identifiedpredictorsthatputendangeredlanguagesathighrisk.Co-authorProfessorLindellBromhamsaidthatoftheworld’s7,000recognizedlanguages,aroundhalfwerecurrentlyendangered.“Wefoundthatwithoutimmediateintervention,languagelosscouldtripleinthenext40years.Andbytheendofthiscentury,1,500languagescouldceasetobespoken.”Theirstudyfindsthewidestrangeoffactorseverputtingendangeredlanguagesunderpressure.Onefindingwasthatmoreyearsofschoolingincreasedtheleveloflanguageendangerment.Theresearcherssayitshowsweneedtobuildcurriculathatsupportbilingualeducation,promotingbothnativelanguageproficiencyaswellasuseofregionally-dominantlanguages.“Acrossthe51factorsorpredictorsweinvestigated,wealsofoundsomereallyunexpectedandsurprisingpressurepoints.Thisincludedroaddensity,”ProfessorBromhamsaid.Headded,“Contactwithotherlocallanguagesisnottheproblem.Butwefoundthatthemoreroadsthereare,connectingthecountrytocities,andvillagestotowns,thehighertheriskoflanguagesbeingendangered.It’sasifroadsarehelpingdominant(主导的)languages‘steamroll’overothersmallerlanguages.”ProfessorBromhamsaidthestudy’sfindingswereavitalreminderthatmoreactionwasurgentlyneededtopreserveat-risklanguages.Headded,“Whenalanguageislost,oris‘sleeping’aswesayforlanguagesthatarenolongerspoken,welosesomuchofourhumanculturaldiversity.Everylanguageisbrilliantinitsownway.Manyofthelanguagespredictedtobelostthiscenturystillhavefluentspeakers,sothereisstillthechancetoinvestinsupportingcommunitiestobringnativelanguagesbacktolifeandkeepthemstrongforfuturegenerations.”9.Whichsuggestionismentionedtosavetheendangeredlanguages?A.Settingupbilingualcourses.B.Avoidingbuildingmoreroads.C.Openingmorelocalschools.D.Contactingdifferentlanguages.10.Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusinparagraph3?A.Someexactexamplesforthenewresearch.B.Detailedwaystohelpdominantlanguages.C.Differentfactorstobrightenat-risklanguages.D.Elementstomakeendangeredlanguagesatrisk.11.What’sBromham’sattitudetowardssavingat-risklanguages?A.Indifferent. B.Hopeless.C.Optimistic. D.Uncertain.12.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.1,500endangeredlanguagesathighrisk.B.Anewstudyconcerningdominantlanguages.C.Reasonsputtinglanguagesunderpressure.D.Somegoodwaystosaveendangeredlanguages.

考点分类练(十二)主旨大意题——段落大意类Passage1【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ChiChen及同事利用在轨卫星的地面监控数据分析全球绿地面积的改变。1.A解析词义揣测题。依据画线词前“Insomecoldplaces,increaseinleafcoverapparentlyresultedfromglobalwarming.”及后面的“andthegrowingseasonisgettinglongerandlonger,theplantsaregrowingbiggerandleafierthere”可知,植物长得越来越大,叶子也越来越多是因为气候变暖。因此画线词temperate意为“温煦的”,故选A项。2.B解析细微环节理解题。依据第四段中“Ipersonallycheckedthedata,andthat’sbecauseoflackofrain”可知,巴西地区树叶覆盖的削减是因为天气干燥。3.C解析推理推断题。依据第六段中“Thisversionofgreeningisn’treallysogreat...useproducegreenhousegases.”可知,过度耕种会对环境造成负面影响。由此推知,ChiChen对印度的过度耕作所造成的绿地面积增加感到担忧。4.D解析主旨大意题。依据最终一段的“InChina,though,abouthalf...resultedfromearlierdeforestation.”可知,最终一段主要讲的是中国的绿化事业。Passage2【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是玩嬉戏的好处。5.A解析主旨大意题。依据其次段中“ToplayKnucklebones,theplayerswould...andthentrytocatchasmanyaspossible.”可知,其次段主要讲的是玩Knucklebones这个嬉戏的方法,即ThewaytoplayKnucklebones。6.B解析细微环节理解题。依据第四段中“Therock-paper-scissorsgameisjustanexample...‘Playingagameisanactofexposition.’”可知,石头剪刀布嬉戏展示了玩家的特性。7.D解析词义揣测题。依据第六段中“Gamescanalso