2025版新教材高中英语Unit1ScienceandScientists课时作业一ReadingandThinking新人教版选择性必修第二册

UNIT1课时作业(一)ReadingandThinking必备学问基础练进阶训练第一层Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Ifuntreated,theillnesscanbecome________(严峻的).2．Johnbroughttheabsolute________(证据)thatweneeded.3．Many________(家用的)productsarepotentiallyharmful.4．Wecan________(处理)upto500callsanhouratournewoffices.5．Itissaidthatdrinkingmuch________(纯净的)waterisgoodforhealth.6．Ihavetwo________(相互冲突的)responsestothatquestion.7．Intherainforest,wehave________(多种多样的)plantsandwildanimals.8．Therewasnowaterinthebuilding,justa________(水泵)inthecourtyard.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Mycomputerhasbeenlinked________theInternetinouroffice.2．Itisawordwith________(multiply)meanings.3．Thatgirldidtherightthing,soweshouldn'tblametheaccident________her.4．Thenumberofpeopleridingmotorcycleswithouthelmetsis________thedecrease.5．Origin­tracingofthevirusisa________(pure)scientificmatterandshouldbeleftinthehandsofscientists.6．Suspectingthetraveler________carryingdrugs,thecustomsofficialstoppedhimandwentthroughhissuitcase.7．“MadeinChina2025”aimstotransformChinafromaproduct­makingfactory________aproduct­makingpower,onedrivenbyinnovationandemphasizingqualityoverquantity.Ⅲ.语法填空Waybackin1674,afroghelpedAntonievanLeeuwenhoekmakeanincrediblediscovery.AntoniewasanamateurscientistfromHolland,sofascinatedbymicroscopes1.________he'dbuiltsomeofhisown.Onerainyday,ashewentforawalk,aleapingfrog2.________(draw)hisattentiontoapuddle.Antoniecollectedadropofpuddlewaterandputit3.________hismicroscope.Hewasamazed4.________(see)awholecommunityofcreaturesswimminginthisonedrop—tinybeingsnoonehadeverseenbefore.Thesetinybeings,calledmicrobes,areeverywhere:indirt,infoodandonyourkitchentable.People5.________(cover)inthem,too.6.________youweretocountallthemicrobesonandinsideyourbody,youwouldfindyourbodyhasmoremicrobesthantheworldhaspeople—over6billion!Microbescan'tsurviveon7.________(they)own.Theyneedfood.After8.________(settle)intoahome—you,forinstance—theystealvitaminsandothernutrientsandleavebehinddeadcellsandpoisonousliquidscalledtoxins.Somemicrobescanmakeyousick.Peopleusuallycalltheseonesgerms.9.________(lucky)foryou,therearemore10.________(help)microbes,workingtogethertokeepyouhealthy,thanbadones.[答题区]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________6.________7．________8.________9.________10．________关键实力综合练进阶训练其次层Ⅰ.阅读理解阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AWhenitcomestimefortheholidayshoppingseason,we'reextrachoosyaboutthecountlesstechnologyproductsthatwewillbuyandgivetofriendsandfamily.Herearethreetechgiftsthatimpressededitors,reportersandproducersthemost.LumosMatrixIrecentlyboughtaLumosMatrixhelmet(头盔)($229)withbuilt­inlightstomakeridingmybikeatnightalotsaferandlessstressful.It'saregularpainpointforbikerslikemetomakesureabsent­mindeddriversseeyou,especiallywhenit'sdark.Thisdefinitelyhelps.—MattMcFarland,WriterGoodreadsappAlthoughthisisn'tagift,thefreeGoodreadsappisagamechanger.Atthebeginningofthisyear,IpromisedmyselfI'dreadatleastonenewbookeverymonth.Isetagoalof12booksonGoodreadsandusedittotrackmyprogress,keepalistofbooksI'minterestedinandcheckoutwhatfriendsandothersontheappwererecommending.Iread35booksthisyear！(That'supfromfivebookslastyear.)Goodreadsfeelslikeoneoftherarefeel­goodsocialnetworks.—KayaYurieff,TechReporterEmbercoffeecupIdrinkmycoffeeslowlysoithasroutinelycooledhalfway.Formybirthday,mymumboughtmeacup($99),whichkeepsmycoffeewarmuntilIfinishitwithouttripstothemicrowaveforreheating.IcanalsosetthespecifictemperatureIwant.Itmakesmymorningssomucheasier.—MillieDent,Intern1．WhatisthemainadvantageoftheLumosMatrixhelmet?A.Helpingdriversconcentrate.B.Managingthebadweather.C.Makingnightridingsafer.D.Makingbikersfeellesspain.2．WhatdoesthewritermeanbyreferringtotheGoodreadsappas“agamechanger”？A.Itchangessomereaders'readingrules.B.ItprovidesreaderswithfreeInternetgames.C.Itlimitsthenumberofbooksareadercanread.D.Itinspiresreaderstoreadmorethroughinteractions.3．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheEmbercoffeecup?A.Eco­friendly.B．Convenient.C.Expensive.D．Simple.BEverythingyouknowisinyourbrain.Forwhatyoudon't,youcanasktheweb.However,asyoucanimagine,inthepasttherewerenocomputersandnowebatall.Thinkaboutpeopleliving3，500yearsago,inplaceswherepyramidstoweredabovethem.Thelackofexplanationsabouthowthingsworkedinspiredtheancientstomakediscoveriesandfeedtheircuriosity.Butdonotthinktheyknewnothing:infact,westillwonderhowtheEgyptianscouldbuildthepyramidsusingtheirown,ratherrudimentaryequipment.Theywrotedowntheirknowledgeonbooks(calledpapyrusscrolls)sothatlaterpeoplecouldbenefitfromtheirskills.Livingsaferandhealthierwasatoppriorityfortheancients:whentheyhurttheirheadsinbattles,theyusedtohealtheirwoundsusingthecures,someofwhichwererecordedonapapyrusnowknownastheEdwinSmithPapyrus.Interestingly,thisistheoldestwrittenevidenceoftheword“brain”wehaveonEarth,anditdatesbackto3，500yearsago!However,writingtheword“brain”onapapyrusdidnotsolveallthecuriositiesandquestionsaboutit.Around2，500yearsago,forexample,ancientGreekswonderedwhethermindandsoullayinthebrainorintheheart.2，000yearsago,RomanphysicianGalenofPergamonwassurehehadsolvedthequestion:itwasthebrain,nottheheart,thatwasthecenterofmentallife.However,Galenhadtoconvincethepeoplearoundhimthatwhathehaddiscoveredwastrue.Itwasnoteasy,mostlybecausepeopleheldtheirearlierbeliefs.Everyneuroscientist,justlikeGalendid,hastocarefullyobservereality,focusonsomethingthatisreallyinteresting,thinkabouthowitcanwork,performexperiments,anddiscussthedatatheyget.Thisway,theycanobtainconvincingevidencetobesharedwithothers.4．Whatencouragedtheancientstomakediscoveries?A.Thehopeforkeepingcuriosity.B.Theneedforwritingbooks.C.Thesearchforexplanations.D.Thewishtoworkfaster.5．Whichwordcanbestreplace“rudimentary”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complicated.B．Primitive.C.Electrical.D．Protective.6．WhatcanbelearnedabouttheEdwinSmithPapyrus?A.Itwasprobablyamedicaltext.B.Itwasfinished2，500yearsago.C.Itwasconsidereduselessatfirst.D.ItwaswrittenbyGalenofPergamon.7．HowdidGalenconvincepeopleofhisdiscovery?A.Byfindingevidencefrompapyrusscrolls.B.Byaskingmanyscientiststosupporthim.C.Byfollowingstrictscientificmethods.D.Byteachingpeopletodoexperiments.Ⅱ.阅读七选五阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。[2024·福建省四地市中学毕业班第一次质量检测]AccordingtoTheTohokuJournalofExperimentalMedicine,laughterhasmanyprofoundphysiologicalandpsychologicalbenefits.Itcanrelaxmuscles,promotementalandpsychologicalwell­being,etc.Butwehavebecomesobusywithourdailyroutinesthatwerarelylaugh.LaughterOnlineUniversityfoundthatchildrenlaugh300to400timesonanaverage,whereasadultslaughonly17.5timesinaday.__1__Butifyoustilldon'tknowwhyyoushouldlaugh,herearesomebenefitsoflaughterforyou.◆Reducestress__2__Thereissciencebehindthis.Whenyougetstressed,yourbodyreleaseshormones.Continuousreleasesofthesehormonesmaycauseanxiety,depression,andheartdiseases.Butwhenyoulaugh,thestresshormonesgetreducedandithelpsyourelieveyoustress.◆EnsureahealthyrelationshipMyfriendandIusedtohaveissuesandnevertalkedforoveramonth.Butsuddenly,oneday,shesentmeasuperfunnymeme(表情包)whileoncall,andwebothlaughedatit.Justlaughingtogethermadeuscomecloser.__3__◆BoostyourconfidenceHaveyoueverexperiencedthatwhenyoulaughatafearfulsituation,youfeelmorecourageandconfidence?__4__OnceIhadtodeliveraspeechataschoolmeeting,andIfeltextremefear.Iwassweatinginbucketsandfeltasifthelandbeneathmyfeetisshaking.ButItriedtotalkwithafriendandlaughedforafewsecondsjusttoshowmyselfcool.__5__IfeltasifIcoulddothisandexperiencedafantasticsenseofconfidence.A．Laughterisapowerfulstresskiller.B．Ifyouaskme,Ihaveexperiencedthis.C．IhadangerissueswhenIwasinschool.D．Thissimplelaughterhadasignificanteffectonme.E．Italsohelpsusforgetproblemsandcherishfriendship.F．Laughtercanhelpyouthinkclearlyandmoreeffectively.G．Nowonderwhyweadultssuffermentalproblemslikeanxiety.Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。[2024·福建省四地市中学毕业班第一次质量检测]Thecombinationofmusicandstudyhaslongbeen1.________sourceofdisagreementbetweenadultsandchildren.Parentsandteachersalikemaintainthat2.________(silent)isimportantwhenlearning,whereasyoungstersinsistthat3.________(they)favouritesoundshelpthemconcentrate.Nowastudyshowsthatthe4.________(grown­up)havebeenrightallalong.PsychologistsinFloridatestedhowfaststudentswroteessays5.________andwithoutmusicinthebackground.They6.________(find)thatthesoundsslowedprogressdownbyaboutsixtywordsperhour.“Thisdemonstrates7.________(clear)thatitisdifficulttocopewithlisteningandwritingatthesametime，”saidDr.Sarah.Shealsocametotheconclusion8.________itisamyththatinstrumentalmusicislessdisturbingthansongs.“Alltypesofmusichadthesameeffect，”shesaidinherreport.“One'sabilitytopayattentionandwritefluentlyislikely9.________(disturb)bybothsongsandinstrumentalmusic，”sheadded.Dr.Sarahclaimedtheresearchdemonstratedthattheideathatmusiccouldimproveperformancewaswrong.“Writinganessayisacomplextask.You10.________(recall)informationandputtingitinorder.Butwhatisparticularlyworryingisthatmoreandmoreteenagersarestudyinginfrontofthetelevision.”课时作业(一)ReadingandThinking必备学问基础练Ⅰ.单词拼法1．of3.household4.handle5.pure6.contradictory7.multiple8.pumpⅡ.单句语法填空1．with/oⅢ.语法填空【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。通过安东尼用显微镜发觉水滴中的微生物引出话题，指出微生物无处不在，但大多数微生物对人类是有益的。1．答案与解析：that考查连词。句意：安东尼是一位来自荷兰的业余科学家，他对显微镜太入迷了以至于他自己做了几个。依据so可知本空应用that引导结果状语从句。2．答案与解析：drew考查动词时态。句意：在一个雨天，他漫步的时候，一只跳动的青蛙使他留意到一个水坑。依据Onerainyday可知，本句应用一般过去时，故填drew。3．答案与解析：under考查介词。句意：安东尼收集了一滴水坑的水，并把它放在他的显微镜下。依据常识可知，要把物体放到显微镜下面视察，故应用介词under“在……下面”。4．答案与解析：tosee考查非谓语动词。句意：他惊讶地望见一整个生物群落正在这一滴水中游动。beamazedtodosth.为固定用法，意为“惊讶地做某事”。5．答案与解析：arecovered考查动词时态和语态。依据语境可知，此处讲解并描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；本句中的cover和主语People之间是被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填arecovered。6．答案与解析：If考查连词。句意：假如你要数你身体上和身体内全部的微生物，你会发觉你的身体有比世界上的人数还要多的微生物——超过60亿！依据语境可知，本空应用连词If引导条件状语从句。7．答案与解析：their考查代词。onone'sown为固定用法，意为“单独地，独自地”。8．答案与解析：settling考查非谓语动词。句意：在宿主——比如你——体内定居后，它们会偷走维生素和其他养分物质，留下死细胞和被称为毒素的有毒液体。介词After后要用动名词形式，故本空应填settling。9．答案与解析：Luckily考查副词。句意：对你来说幸运的是，比起有害的微生物，有更多的有益微生物共同努力让你保持健康。副词Luckily放在句首，修饰整个句子。10．答案与解析：helpful考查形容词。依据语境可知，本空应用形容词修饰名词microbes，故应填形容词helpful。关键实力综合练Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三个最受欢迎的科技类礼物——LumosMatrix头盔，Goodreads应用和Ember咖啡杯。1．答案与解析：C细微环节理解题。依据LumosMatrix部分中的“IrecentlyboughtaLumosMatrixhelmet(头盔)($229)withbuilt­inlightstomakeridingmybikeatnightalotsaferandlessstressful.”可知，LumosMatrix头盔的优势是有内置灯，这样可以让夜间骑行更平安。2．答案与解析：D推理推断题。依据Goodreadsapp部分中的“keepalistofbooksI'minterestedinandcheckoutwhatfriendsandothersontheappwererecommending”和“Goodreadsfeelslikeoneoftherarefeel­goodsocialnetworks”可知，Goodreads这一应用可以记录读者的阅读历史并且在该应用上可以看到挚友或者其他读者举荐的书，该应用通过网上互动来激励读者读更多的书，故D项正确。3．答案与解析：B推理推断题。依据Embercoffeecup部分中的“whichkeepsmycoffeewarm...setthespecifictemperatureIwant”可知，该咖啡杯可以保温并且用户可以设定想要的温度，这是特别便利的。故选B。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了从3500年前、2500年前到2000年前三个不同时期，古埃及人、古希腊人和古罗马人对大脑还是心脏是精神生活的中心进行了探究。4．答案与解析：C细微环节理解题。结合第一段中“Thelackofexplanationsabouthowthingsworkedinspiredtheancientstomakediscoveriesandfeedtheircuriosity.”可知，对万物如何运行的说明的缺乏激发了古人去做动身觉的新奇心，故选C项。5．答案与解析：B词义揣测题。结合rudimentary所在句的含义，同时对四个选项含义的理解(complicated困难的；primitive原始的；electrical电器的，带电的；protective爱护的)可知，此处表示“事实上，我们仍旧想知道埃及人是如何用他们自己的相当________设备建立金字塔的”，据此很简洁揣测出rudimentary的含义，故选B项。6．答案与解析：A推理推断题。结合第三段中的“...someofwhichwererecordedonapapyrusnowknownastheEdwinSmithPapyrus.”的叙述可知，当他们在战斗中受伤时，他们会用治疗方法来治愈自己的伤口，一些治疗方法被记录在现在被称为theEdwinSmithPapyrus上，据此很简洁推知，这很有可能是一本有关医学方面的书籍，故选A项。7．答案与解析：C推理推断题。结合文章最终一段中出现的关键词汇carefullyobserve,focuson,thinkabout,perform,discussthedata等可知，科学探讨必需遵循严格的科学的方法，故选C项。Ⅱ.阅读七选五【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍大笑对身心的三个好处。1．答案与解析：G空前的“whereasadultslaughonly17.5timesinaday”提到成年人每天大笑的频率比孩子低的多，同时结合空后的“Butifyoustilldon'tknowwhyyoushouldlaugh...”可知，空处与下一句构成转折关系，且应当与adults相关，G项“难怪我们成年人会遭遇焦虑等心理问题”符合题意，故选G项。2．答案与解析：AReducestress说明大笑的好处之一是可以削减压力，A项中apowerfulstresskiller是关键词，与本段小标题讲解并描述话题一样，故A项“笑是一种强大的压力杀手”符合题意，故选A项。3．答案与解析：E上文“Justlaughingtogethermadeuscomecloser.”说明大笑有