9完整版本.河南专升本英语-动词精讲

河南省专升本英语基础精讲动词篇主讲老师：李军第一节定义表示________________的词动作或状态最重要最复杂最难掌握第二节分类功能分类谓语动词： do;

does;

did非谓语动词： to

do;

doing;

done实义动词系动词情态动词助动词谓语动词四兄弟类别特点举例实义动词(vt.vi.)及物动词可以直接且必须跟宾语Ihaveabook..Listen!Ihearsomething.不及物动词可以单独使用；也可以加介词后再跟宾语Shealwayscomeslate.Youjump!Ijump!系动词(link-v)跟名词或形容词作表语Iamastudent.情态动词(mod.v.)跟动词原形（有自己的词汇意思）Wecandoitbyourselves.助动词(aux.v.)跟动词原形或分词（无词汇意义）Hedoesn’tspeakChinese.IamwatchingTV.第三节具体用法(1)及物动词vt.可以且必须加宾语I

love

you.(2)不及物动词vi.①单独使用，②先加介词再宾语You

jump!

I

jump!Lookattheblackboard.一.实义动词(动作)及物动词or不及物动词练习Hearrivedatthebusstop.Hewenttothebusstop.Hereachedthebusstop.Heheard

some

strange

noises.WewatchTVonSundays.二.系动词（状态）(1)

be动词

Iamagirl.

Youarebeautiful.(2)感官动词

sound听起来Hervoicesoundsworried.look看上去

Yourdresslooksnice.smell闻起来Theriversmellsterrible.feel摸上去Thiskindofclothfeelssoft.(3)状态保持或者改变

stay保持keep保持become变（身份，职位），get变（老，累，比较级）

turn变（颜色）,

go变得（坏，酸，瘸）(4)其他系动词

prove

Therumorprovedfalse.

turnoutHisplanturnedoutasuccess.

seem Mr.

Blackseemstobequitehappy.1.情态动词的特征（1）有一定词义，但必须和实义动词原形连用，构成谓语。（2）无人称和数的变化三.情态动词（情感态度及推测）考点一：常见的情态动词有肯定否定can/couldmay/mightshall/shouldneed/must/darehave

to

had

better【例题】David,you_____playwiththevaluablebottle,you_______breakit.

A.won’t;can’t B.mustn’t;may

C.shouldn’t;must D.can’t;shouldn’t【B】【考点】禁止玩…可能打碎….【2016-92改错】Don’t

stay

at

home.

You

had

better

to

go

out

for

a

walk.【C】【考点】to

go

out应改为go

outhad

better看作情态动词，后加不带to的不定式考点二：may/must/can’t表示推测肯定否定can/couldhavedone原本能够做（却没做）should

havedone原本应该做（却没做）needn’thavedone原本不必做（却做了）may/mighthavedone可能已经做了musthavedone一定已经做了can’t/couldn’thavedone不可能已经做了【2008-21】I’m

not

surprised

you

failed

the

exam.

You

_____

have

worked

harder.

A.should B.must

C.would D.ought【A】【考点】三个后悔；根据题意，你本该更努力学习的（但却未做）【例题】--IsawMaryinthelibraryyesterday.

--You_____her.Sheisstillabroad.

A.mustn’tsee B.can’thaveseen

C.mustn’thaveseen D.couldn’tsee【B】【考点】三个推测；根据题意，你不可能见过Mary.【2018-96改错】Bob

fails

to

attend

the

evening

school.

He

may

be

sick

because

he

never

asks

for

leave.【C】【考点】may应改为must三个推测；根据句意“他从不请假”，可知他一定生病了1.

be类(am/is/are/was/were/being/been-进行时态)①be+现在分词=现在进行时 Heisrunning.②be+过去分词=被动语态

Thebabywasputinbedbyhismother.四.助动词2.

have类(have/has/had-完成时态)①have/has+done=现在完成时态 Ihavefinishedmyhomework.②had+done=过去完成时态 We

had

finished

our

homework

before

then.3.

will类(will/shall-将来时态)Therewillbemoretreesinonehundredyears.Shall

we

plant

any

more

trees?4.

do类(do/does/did)否定：I

don’t

like

junk

food.疑问：Do

you

like

it?倒装：OnlythendidIrealizethat

I

was

wrong.强调：I

do

enjoy

fruit

and

vegetable.替代：Yes,

I

do.【2017-13】Tom

can’t

speak

Chinese,

but

Peter

_____.A.do B.doesC.did D.done【B】【考点】but连接的完整后句应为Peter

can

speak

Chinese,可以使用does替代实义动词（词组），避免重复第四节动词辨析1.形近词acquire

require

inquire

enquireattribute

contribute

distributetransfer

transmit

transform

transport2.近义词argue

debate

dispute

quarrel

conflictserve

conserve

preserve

reserve

deservepanic

terror

fright

horror

fear

dread【2015-18】There

is

absolutely

no

need

to______.

We

will

return

to

the

airport

very

soon.A.panic B.terrorC.fright

D.rage【A】【考点】panic特指常指因突如其来的外界威胁使人群出现惊慌、恐惧或混乱，与题意相符第五节动词搭配draw

up

look

down

upon

make

up

forturn

over

turn

down

turn

off

turn

out

spread

through

consist

of

consist

inremind

sb.

of

sth.

inform

sb.

of

sth.come

to/draw/reach

conclusion/agreementleave/make

a

deep

impression

on

sth.play

an

important

role

in

…【2015-81翻译】这个漂亮干净的城市给外国旅游者留下了深刻的印象。【考点】动词词组搭配This

beautiful

and

clean

city

left

a

deep

impression

on

the

foreign

tourists.【2015-20单选】The

new

look

of

the

city

has

_____

a

deep

impression

o