高考英语模拟卷

高考英语模拟卷第一部分听力(略)第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21.Lindatohermotherforsolongthatshefiguresoutalmosteverygestureofhermother’s.A.attended B.hadattendedC.wouldattend D.hasattended答案D解析考查现在完成时。句意为：琳达照顾她母亲太久了，她几乎能领会母亲的每一个动作。分析句意可知，本句为现在完成时，表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在。故D选项正确。22.Yousayyouareinnocent，butwehavegoodreasonstothink.A.twice B.overC.aloud D.otherwise答案D解析考查副词的辨析。句意为：你说你是无辜的，但是我们也有充足的理由在其他方面作考虑。otherwise否则，另外，在其他方面。23.Finally，wedidn’treachanagreement.SomeagreedonthepointwhileIwasoneofopposedit.(2018·南开区三模)A.thosewho B.thoseC.who D.that答案A解析句意为：最后，我们没有达成一致。一些人同意这个观点而我是反对者中的一员。此处考查定语从句，需要有先行词，those，指“那些人”，定语从句缺少主语，用that或who，先行词为those时往往使用who，故答案为thosewho。24.—Whenwillthebike-sharingschemesbeintroducedtothepublic?—Notuntilabetterunderstandingofthem.A.wehavehad B.willwehavehadC.havewehad D.wewillhavehad答案A解析考查语序。句意为：——共享单车计划将于何时推出？——直到我们对它们有了更好的了解。根据第一句话可知这是将来时，但是until引导的是时间状语从句，从句中要用现在时代替将来时。notuntil位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，notuntil所在的从句不用，故选A。25.StephenHawking’scrowningachievementwashispredictioninthe1970sblackholescanemitenergy，despitetheclassicalviewthatnothingcanescapetheirgravity.A.whenB.whatC.howD.that答案D解析考查同位语从句。句意为：史蒂芬·霍金最大的成就是在20世纪70年代预测宇宙黑洞能够发出能量，而传统观点认为任何事物都无法逃避重力。句中that引导同位语从句解释名词prediction的内容，that在句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词。故D项正确。26.SteveJobsisakeyfigureinthecomputerworldhehashadagreatinfluenceonmodernlifeandtechnology.A.onconditionthat B.incaseC.inthat D.aslongas答案C解析考查状语从句。句意为：史蒂夫·乔布斯是计算机世界的关键人物，因为他对现代生活和技术产生了巨大的影响。onconditionthat如果；incase万一；inthat因为；aslongas只要。故选C。27.Beforerealestatecontrolpolicieswereintroduced，peoplehopedthattheirincomewouldbeincreasedtheriseinhousingprices.A.intouchwith B.inanticipationofC.inlinewith D.incombinationwith答案C解析考查介词短语辨析。句意为：在出台房地产调控政策之前，人们希望他们的收入能随着房价的上涨而增加。intouchwith和……保持联系；inanticipationof期待着……，预计到……；inlinewith和……一致；incombinationwith与……联合/结合。结合常识可知，C选项符合语境。28.—Whatdoyouthinkofthenewly-releasedfilmCapernaum?—Ittouchedmyheartdeeply.ButforyourrecommendationIit.A.hadmissed B.wouldmissC.wouldhavemissed D.musthavemissed答案C解析考查虚拟语气。句意为：——你觉得新上映的电影《何以为家》怎么样？——它深深地触动了我的心。要不是你的推荐，我就错过了。句中butfor表示条件，意为“要不是……”，表示与过去事实相反的假设，要用虚拟语气；对过去的虚拟，主句要用should/would/might/could＋havedone来构成。故C选项正确。29.—Whydoesheweararaincoatonsunnydays?—NordoIunderstand.Heis.A.awetblanket B.alazyboneC.ablacksheep D.anoddfish答案D解析考查习语。句意为：——为什么他大晴天还穿着雨衣？——我也不理解。他是一个古怪的人。awetblanket令人扫兴的人；alazybone懒虫；ablacksheep害群之马，败家子；anoddfish古怪的人。故选D。30.—Imustpointoutthattrialsofnewmedicineareexpensiveandyoucanneversuccess.—Butthereisaverygoodchanceinthiscase.A.admit B.guaranteeC.attain D.deserve答案B解析考查动词辨析。句意为：——我必须指出新药的试验很昂贵，而且你不能保证它会成功。——但是在这种情况下也会有很大的机会。admit承认；guarantee保证；attain获得；deserve值得。故B选项正确。31.—WhatdoyouknowmadeSarahsoupset?—givingawaystatesecrets.A.ChargedwithB.BeingchargedwithC.AccusingofD.Tobeaccusedof答案B解析考查非谓语动词。句意为：——你知道是什么让莎拉这么不高兴吗？——她被指控泄露国家机密。sb.bechargedwith“某人因……而被控告”。第二句的主语为动名词短语Beingchargedwith...，后面省略了madeSarahsoupset。还可以用beingaccusedof。故B选项正确。32.Thecollection，sortingandofhistoricalmaterialsandculturalrelicsoftheMayFourthMovementshouldbestrengthened，PresidentXisaid.A.consideration B.conservationC.constitution D.construction答案B解析考查名词辨析。句意为：习主席说，要加强对五四运动历史资料和文物的收集、整理和保护。consideration考虑；conservation保护；constitution宪法；construction建设。故选B。33.USslangishugelythankstothemanydifferentethnicgroupsthathavesettledinthecountry.A.delicate B.dynamicC.diverse D.desperate答案C解析考查形容词辨析。句意为：由于许多不同的民族在美国定居，美国俚语非常多样化。delicate微妙的；dynamic有活力的；diverse不同的，多样的；desperate不顾一切的。故选C。34.ThestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfromofmostChineseuniversitieswherevisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.A.that B.oneC.theone D.those答案A解析考查代词的辨析。句意为：该校园的风格与大多数中国大学(的风格)大不相同，参观者对那里复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到惊奇。分析句子可知，本空特指前面的“风格”，但同类不同物，相当于thestyle。分析选项可知，that指代前面提到的the＋可数名词单数或the＋不可数名词，常与前面所指代的是同类但不同物，故选A。35.—Ayoungresearcherisreportedtohavediedofheartattack，agedonly30.—Iwonderhowhisfamilycouldstandthethoughtoflosinghim.A.Howso? B.Forgetit.C.Takeiteasy. D.Reallyapity.答案D解析考查情景交际。Howso?怎么会这样？为何如此？Forgetit.没关系；Takeiteasy.别着急；Reallyapity.真遗憾啊。句意为：——据报道，一位年轻的研究人员死于心脏病，年仅30岁。——真遗憾啊！我想知道他的家人怎么能够承受失去他的痛苦啊！故D项正确。第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Mymomonlyhadoneeye.Ihatedher.Shewassucha(n)36.Onceduringelementaryschool，mymomcameandIwassoembarrassedthatI37herahatefullookandmyschoolmates38me.Iwishedshewould39fromthisworld.SoIshouted，“Whydon’tyouhavetheothereye？！”Mymomdidnot40.Shehadn’t41me，buttherewassomethingpinchingatmeinmy42.Evenso，Ihatedmyone-eyedmomandourdesperate43.ItoldmyselfthatIwouldbecomesuccessful，soIstudiedhard.LaterIcametoSeoultostudy.ThenIgotmarriedthere.NowIenjoythelifeinSeoulbecauseitdoesn’tremindmeofmy44，untilsomeoneknockedatmydoor.Itwasmymom！Itfeltasifthewholeskywas45onme.Mylittlegirlranaway，scaredofmymom’seye.AndIaskedher，“Whoareyou？Idon’tknowyou！！”asifItriedtomakethatreal.Iscreamedather，“How46youcometomyhouse！Getoutofherenow！！”Tothis，mymom47answered，“I’msorry.Imayhavegotthewrongaddress，”anddisappeared.Oneday，aletter48aschoolreunioncametome.49tomywifethatIwasgoingonabusinesstrip，Iparticipatedinthereunion，afterwhich，IwentdowntotheoldshackthatIusedtocallahouse，justoutof50.ThereIfoundmymomonthecoldground.Ididnot51tears.Shehadapieceofpaperinherhand...itwasalettertome.Myson，Ithinkmylifehasbeen52enoughnow，andIwon’tvisitSeoulanymore.ButwoulditbetoomuchtoaskifIwantedyoutocometovisitmeonceinawhile？Imissyousomuch.AndIwassogladwhenIheardyouwerecomingforthereunion.ButIdecidednottogototheschool...foryou.I’msosorrythatIonlyhaveoneeye，andIwasanembarrassmentforyou.Yousee，whenyouwereverylittle，yougotintoanaccidentandlostyoureye.Asamom，Icouldn’tstand53youhavingtogrowupwithonlyoneeye.SoIgaveyoumine.Iwasso54ofmysontoseeawholenewworldformewiththateye.Iwasneverupsetatyoufor55youdid.Duringthecoupleoftimesthatyouwereangrywithme，Ithoughttomyself，it’sbecausehelovesme.Myson...oh，myson...Don’tcryformebecauseofmydeath.Iloveyousomuch.语篇解读本文讲述了作者因为妈妈只有一只眼睛而不断地伤害她，结果却在许多年后发现妈妈是将眼睛给了小时候失去一只眼睛的自己。36.A.honor B.uglinessC.evil D.embarrassment答案D解析由下文中的“Iwassoembarrassed”和倒数第四段中的“anembarrassmentforyou”可知，妈妈令我感到尴尬。embarrassment令人尴尬的人或事物。37.A.gave B.threwC.cast D.passed答案B解析由该空后的“ahatefullook”可知，我恨恨地看了妈妈一眼。throwalook扫了一眼。38.A.taunted B.comfortedC.sympathized D.beat答案A解析由上文中的“Iwassoembarrassed”以及下文中的“Iwishedshewouldfromthisworld.”可知，同学们都因为妈妈而嘲笑我，taunt嘲笑，奚落，符合语境。comfort安慰；sympathize同情；beat打败。39.A.benefit B.sufferC.disappear D.die答案C解析由下一句“SoIshouted，‘Whydon’tyouhavetheothereye？！’”可知，我责问妈妈为什么没有另一只眼睛，我甚至希望她能从这个世界上消失。40.A.respond B.explainC.cry D.speak答案A解析由该空前的“SoIshouted，‘Whydon’tyouhavetheothereye？！’”可知，我责问妈妈为什么没有另一只眼睛，而她没有任何反应。respond反应，回应，符合语境，所以选A。41.A.forgiven B.punishedC.taught D.yelledat答案B解析结合上题解析可知，妈妈也没有惩罚我。punish惩罚，符合语境。42.A.heart B.mindC.feelings D.emotions答案A解析她没有惩罚我，然而却有样东西在刺痛着我的内心。根据句意可知heart符合题意。43.A.disability B.relationshipC.dilemma D.poverty答案D解析由该空前的“Ihatedmyone-eyedmomandourdesperate”以及该空后的“ItoldmyselfthatIwouldbecomesuccessful”可知我憎恨只有一只眼睛的母亲和令人绝望的贫穷，所以选D。poverty贫困。44.A.failure B.pastC.future D.hatred答案B解析根据“NowIenjoythelifeinSeoulbecauseitdoesn’tremindmeofmy，untilsomeoneknockedatmydoor.Itwasmymom！”可知，我很喜欢在首尔的生活，因为它不会使我想起我的过去，直到有一天妈妈来了，所以选B。45.A.turningdark B.breakingdownC.fallingapart D.clearingup答案C解析由下文中的“Iscreamedather，‘Howyoucometomyhouse！’”可知，我恨妈妈找到我，让我想起了过去甚至担心现在的幸福会被毁掉，可以推测出看到妈妈我感觉天都塌了。fallapart崩溃，破碎，符合语境。turndark变黑；breakdown失败，损坏；clearup放晴。46.A.could B.mustC.dare D.will答案C解析由上文中的“Iscreamedather，‘Howyoucometomyhouse！’”可知，作者假装不认识妈妈并责问妈妈怎么敢到自己家，所以选C。47.A.awkwardly B.angrilyC.sadly D.quietly答案D解析妈妈听完我的话安静地回答道“很抱歉，我可能搞错地址了”，然后就消失了，所以选D。48.A.recommending B.demandingC.inviting D.regarding答案D解析一天，我收到一封关于学校聚会的信。结合句意可知答案为D。recommend推荐；demand要求；invite邀请，后接被邀请的对象，所以排除；regard关于。49.A.Lying B.PretendingC.Informing D.Writing答案A解析结合语境“我受邀参加同学聚会，却告诉妻子我是去出差”可知，我向妻子撒谎了，所以选A。50.A.homesickness B.curiosityC.love D.regret答案B解析我参加同学聚会后去老房子只是出于好奇，所以选B。51.A.burstout B.wipeupC.holdback D.burstinto答案D解析我看到妈妈躺在冰冷的地上，因为不能原谅妈妈只有一只眼睛，所以我没有放声大哭，因此选D。wipeup擦净；holdback阻碍，隐瞒；burstinto突然开始(某事)，突然进入(某种状态)。burstout迸发，突然发生，但其后常接v.-ing形式，故排除。52.A.full B.miserableC.long D.happy答案C解析妈妈虽然因为作者而痛苦，但因为对作者深深的爱，不会对他说“我的人生很痛苦”，所以排除干扰项miserable(痛苦的)，答案选C。53.A.keeping B.imaginingC.watching D.leaving答案C解析由于作者小时候失去一只眼睛，妈妈无法忍受看着他只有一只眼睛，可知答案选C。54.A.grateful B.proudC.jealous D.glad答案B解析妈妈为自己的眼睛可以让作者看到全新的世界而感到自豪，所以选B。55.A.something B.everythingC.nothing D.anything答案D解析妈妈从不曾因为作者做的任何事情而难过，因为她总是告诉自己“他很爱我”，所以选D。第三部分阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AHalloweenisalmostuponusandpumpkinsarebeingcarved.Here’stheetiquettetofollowforajoyful，spookytime.Halloween，likeanyfestivalofgift-giving，isaminefieldofpossibleetiquettemishaps.Thisiswhyitistheonlyfestivalofgift-givingbetweenstrangers，andthegiftsarequiteminor.Ifyou’reachildDobefourorolderastheaimistokeepmoving，andanyyoungerandyou’llreallyslowthingsdown.StayathomewithyourmatesandwatchaHalloweenPeppaPiginstead.Don’ttakemorethanoneofanythingasyou’lllooklikeaglutton.Dosaythankyou，evenifanadulthasdonesomethingunconscionable，suchasmakingtheirownoatbiscuits.Dopretendtobefrightened，evenifitisclearlyyourfriend’smumdressedasanowl.Butifyouaremorethaneight，don’toverdoitbecauseshe’llknowyou’rehumouringherandthisisweirdlyhumiliating.Don’tknockonanydoorwithoutalitpumpkinoutsideit：thisisjustanormalstranger’shouse，andiftheyanswer，you’renotevenallowedtotalktothem，remember?Don’t，whenyouseeotherpeoplefromyourschoolwalkingintheoppositedirection，say，“HiJavaine，hiNoah.”Thiswillalertthemtothefactthattheyarerecognizableunderneaththeirspiderwebmask.Don’tmockthesweetdonor：ifyouareslightlytoooldtoenterintothespiritoftrickortreat，fakeit.Ifyou’reanadultDon’tholdoutthebowlsaying，“Justtakeone.”Politechildrenwillknowtotakeoneandbeoffended，impolitechildrenaregoingtotakeloadsanyway，anditjustmakesyousoundtight.Don’t，don’t，don’t—thisisreallykey—leaveyourpumpkinlitifyou’verunoutofsweets.Don’tdoanythingtoofrightening，forinstance，openthedoorbuthaveafriendhidingbehindabushmakingnoiseslikeamurderer.Youwillknowit’stoofrighteningifchildrenarecryingbythetimetheyleave.eq\x(语篇解读本文介绍了万圣节的一些捣乱指南。)56.Whichofthefollowingisrecommended?A.Recognizingthosewithmasksandcallingthemout.B.LeavingyourpumpkinlitonHalloween.C.WatchingHalloweencartoonsifyou’re5.D.Pretendingtobemoderatelyfrightened.答案D解析细节理解题。根据Ifyou’reachild标题下的“Dopretendtobefrightened，evenifitisclearlyyourfriend’smumdressedasanowl.Butifyouaremorethaneight，don’toverdoit...”可知，一定要假装害怕，但不要装得太过火。故选项D符合题意。57.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mock”mean?A.Copy. B.Scareaway.C.Appreciate. D.Laughat.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据该画线词所在句“Don’tmockthesweetdonor：ifyouareslightlytoooldtoenterintothespiritoftrickortreating，fakeit.”可知，不要取笑善意的给予者：如果你年龄稍大，无法融入“不给糖就捣乱”的氛围，那就假装吧。故选项D符合题意。BWhenCarsonPalmer，aProBowlquarterback(职业杯四分卫)，hurthiselbowafewyearsago，hetookaweekofffromthrowingthefootball.Butinhishead，Palmerpracticedeveryday.“Youstandrightbehindthecenter，andyouseethecoverageunfoldasyouwouldifyouhadtheballinyourhands，”hetoldESPN.Thefollowingweekend，Palmerhadthebestgameofhiscareer.Formorethanacentury，scientistshavebeentryingtounderstandhowthismentaltrainingworks.Inthe1930s，researchersdemonstratedthatwhenyou’reimagininganaction，yourbrainsendssignalstoyourmusclesthataretooweaktomakethemusclescontractbutmighthelptrainthebodytoperform.Alternatively，mentalpracticemightcreateablueprintinyourhead，likeaninnerhow-toguideforaparticularskill.Sportspsychologistshaveconductedhundredsofstudiescomparingimaginedandphysicalpracticeforactionssuchasskiingandtapdancing.Overall，theresearchshowsthatmentaltrainingworks.A2012study，forexample，compared32amateurgolferswhopracticedhittinggolfballsintoholestoanother32whomerelyheldagolfclub(球棍)intheirhandsandvisualizedtheirswings.Underthesametrainingrules，bothgroupsimprovedtheirskillsbygettingtheballabout4inchesclosertothehole.Visualizationhasadvantagesovertherealthing：Youcandoitanywhere，evenwheninjured.It’ssafe—amajorplusforhigh-stakes(高风险)performerssuchasgymnastsandsurgeons.Andyoucanpracticeforlongerperiodsoftimebecauseyou’renotrestrictedbyphysicalfatigue.That’snottosayit’seasy：“We’vehadOlympic-levelathletessittinginourlab，visualizingfortwohours，”saysTadhgMacIntyre，asportspsychologistattheUniversityofLimerickinIreland.“Whenwe’redone，they’reabsolutelyexhausted.”Itdoesn’tworkforeveryone，though.“Ifyou’reanovice，theimpactcanbenegative，”warnsMacIntyre.“Ifyou’retryingtovisualizeafreethrow，andyoudon’tevenknowhowtoholdtheballandthewaytomove，thenyou’reprobablygoingtomentallypracticethewrongskill，andyourskillwon’tbeimprovedbutbeweakened.”eq\x(语篇解读文章主要介绍了精神锻炼这个方法，并且提到了精神锻炼的重要性和适用性等等。)58.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?A.Athletescouldchoosementalpracticewhileinjured.B.Mentaltrainingcannotworkaswellasphysicalpractice.C.Theworkingprinciplesofmentaltrainingremaintobefound.D.Palmerspendsmuchtimepracticingfootballskillsinhisheadbeforethematch.答案A解析推理判断题。根据文章前三段可知，在头脑中想象着进行技能锻炼是可以达到锻炼目的的，所以，运动员们可以在受伤时选择这种锻炼方式。59.MacIntyre’sexperimentinParagraph4indicatesthatmentaltraining.A.canalsomakepeopletiredB.isnotrestrictedbylocationC.cansaveathletesfromgettinginjuredD.canlastforalongertimethanphysicalpractice答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“That’snottosayit’seasy：...‘Whenwe’redone，they’reabsolutelyexhausted.’”可知，在头脑中想象着锻炼一样会使人感觉累。60.Theunderlinedphrase“anovice”inthelastparagraphcanbereplacedby“”.A.lackinginimaginationB.notinterestedintheactivityC.inexperiencedintheactivityD.unwillingtodotheimaginativework答案C解析词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“theimpactcanbenegative”和“Ifyou’retryingtovisualizeafreethrow，andyoudon’tevenknowhowtoholdtheballandthewaytomove...”可知，画线部分意为“新手”。CFewthingsexercisegreensensibilitiesmorethesedaysthanmarineplasticlitter.Thedetrituslooksunsightlywhenitwashesuponbeaches，andcruelwhenitchokesphotogenicseacreatures.Scientistsestimatethatperhaps8mtonnesofplasticwasteenterstheoceaneachyear，dischargedbyriversorshedfromships.Plentystaysclosetoshore.Some，though，iscarriedbycurrentstomid-oceangyres.ThebiggestoftheseislocatedhalfwaybetweenCaliforniaandHawaii—andsolitteredwithflotsamthatithasbeennicknamedtheGreatPacificGarbagePatch.AstudypublishedlastMarchinScientificReportsbyLaurentLeBretonoftheOceanCleanup，aDutchcharity，andcolleagues，foundthatitcontainsbetween45,000and129,000tonnesofplasticdebrisspreadoveranarearoughlythesizeofAlaska.Theideaofsweepingitallupmightsoundfanciful.ToBoyanSlatitseemedmerelyambitious.Whatif，hewonderedin2012(thenaged18)，youcouldbuildamassivebow-shapedfloatingbarrier，anchorittotheseabedandletcurrentsshufflethelitterintothescoop?Despitehisyouthfulageandmadcapscheme，MrSlatsetuptheOceanCleanuptoputitintopractice.Sixyears,20meuros($23m)andseveralprototypeslater，thedevicesetsailfromSanFranciscoonSeptember8th，escortedbyaCoastGuardvessel，ashiploadofcameracrewsandaflotillaofcuriousboaters.System001，asthecontraptionhasbeenchristened，isahollowcylinder600meterslongand1.2metersindiameter，itselfmadeofplastic(polyethylene).Itwasmouldedtogetherintoaseamlesswholefrom12-metresegmentsatashipyardacrosstheSanFranciscoBayinOakland.Athree-meterdeepskirt(madeofsturdypolyester)danglesbeneaththeboomtopreventlitterfromescapingunderit；buoyantplastictendstofloatwithinameterofthewater’ssurface.ThedeviceisevensimplerthanMrSlat’soriginalidea，havingdispensedwiththeanchor.Instead，itreliesontheobservationthattheboom，whichisdrivenbythecurrentaswellasbywavesandwind，alwaysmovesfasterrelativetotheplastic，whichispropelledbythecurrentalone.Itthereforescoopsthelitterupasitdrifts.Astraightboomwillfirstbetowed250nauticalmilesoffthecoastofCaliforniaforafortnightoftests，beforeembarkingonathree-weekvoyagetoitsfinaldestination.ThereitwillbeturnedintoaU-shape，withitsendsfastenedinplaceusingmetallines，andsetadrift.Satellitetrackingandotherelectronicswillallowitsprogresstobemonitoredremotely.Lightbeaconswillalertthetwodozenshipswhichcrossthegyreeachweektoitspresence.Sometimenextyearanothervesselwillbedispatchedtofishoutthecollectedrubbish，whichthecharityhopestoselltorecyclers.IfSystem001succeeds，MrSlatwantstodeployanother60booms，measuring1kmormore.Corporatesponsorswouldfootthebillof5meurosapieceforconstructionandthreeyears’operation，MrSlathopes.Healreadyenjoysthebackingofdeep-pocketedendowmentsandoftycoonslikeMarcBenioff，founderofSalesforce，andPeterThiel，anotedinvestor.Thesystemcandolittleaboutplasticthathasfragmentedintomicroscopicparticles，butthesemakeupjust8%ofplasticinthegyre.MrLeBretonreckonsthatafleetofboomscould，by2040，sweepupvirtuallyallthenon-tinydetritus，butonlyifplasticleakageintotheseaisstanched.Ifitcontinuesunabated，theincomingdebriswouldoutweighthefleet’scapacitytoskimitwithinafewyears.Theocean’splasticproblemcannotreallybesolvedwithoutbetterwastemanagementonland.语篇解读本文介绍了博扬·斯拉特成立OceanCleanup，建造了名为System001的设备，对海洋塑料垃圾进行打捞。61.Whichofthestatementsisfalseaccordingtothepassage?A.Plasticwastewashesuponbeaches，andchokesphotogenicseacreatures.B.8mtonnesofplasticwasteenterstheoceaneachyear，dischargedbyriversorshedfromships.C.Alargeamountofplasticinthegyrecannotbedealtwithbythesystem.D.TheGreatPacificGarbagePatchistroubledbythemarineplasticlitter.答案C解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Thesystemcandolittleaboutplasticthathasfragmentedintomicroscopicparticles，butthesemakeupjust8%ofplasticinthegyre.”可知，该系统对仅占环流垃圾8%的已经分解的微型颗粒塑料收效甚微，因此C项中的“大量颗粒塑料”表述错误。故选项C符合题意。62.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“madcap”inParagraph3mean?A.Confident. B.Perfect.C.Crazy. D.Practical.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据该画线词所在句“Despitehisyouthfulageandmadcapscheme，MrSlatsetuptheOceanCleanuptoputitintopractice.”可知，madcap应意为“疯狂的”。故选项C符合题意。63.Howdoesthesystemwork?A.Buildamassivebow-shapedfloatingbarrier，anchorittotheseabedandletcurrentsshufflethelitterintothescoop.B.Scoopthelitterupanddispatchanothervesseltofishoutthecollectedrubbishthefollowingyear.C.Sweepupvirtuallyallthenon-tinydetritus.D.Makesureplasticleakageintotheseaisstanched.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Itthereforescoopsthelitterupasitdrifts.”及倒数第二段中的“Sometimenextyearanothervesselwillbedispatchedtofishoutthecollectedrubbish...”可知，该设备先将这些漂浮的垃圾捞上来，然后第二年派遣另一艘船前去捞出收集到的垃圾。故选项B符合题意。64.Whichwayistheauthorinfavoroftodealwiththeocean’splasticproblem?A.Makesureplasticleakageintotheseaisstanched.B.Managewasteonlandbetter.C.Fishoutthecollectedrubbishandsellittorecyclers.D.Buildamassivebow-shapedfloatingbarriertoshufflethelitterintothescoop.答案B解析推理判断题。通读全文内容，尤其根据最后一段可知，虽然System001的设备可以对海洋塑料垃圾进行有效的打捞，但是作者认为只有更好地对陆地垃圾进行管理，才能真正地解决海洋塑料垃圾问题。故选项B符合题意。DEverypersonplanstorunofftosometropicalisle，butfewdo.Reallife，family，work，andmonetarylimitationsgetintheway.IanFlemingletnoneoftheseconsiderationsstophim.Afterthewar，Flemingsetdownhisschedule.ThefirstweekofJanuarysawhimleaveEnglandandtraveltoJamaica.ThefirstweekofMarchsawhisreturn.HeacceptedhisjobatKemsleynewspaperwithoutcompromise—thisportionoftheyearwouldbesetasideforJamaicaorhewouldlookelsewhereforemployment.For6yearsFlemingtraveledeachwintertoJamaica，lounginginparadise，romancingwomen，chasingthesunset，butitwasnotuntilhefacedthepressureofamarriedwomanwhowaspregnantwithhischilddidFlemingstartthewriter’sjourneywhichwouldchangehislifeandpopularcultureforever.AsFlemingwaitedinJamaicaforAnne’sdivorcetobecomefinal，hewrotethefirstdraftofanovel，CasinoRoyale.Fleming’scareerasawriterdeservesmoreexaminationthancanbeofferedhere，butsufficeittosay，overthenext12years，IanFlemingtransformedhiseliteexistence，hisarrogance，hisstyle，andhisacidwitintosomeofthegreatestthrillerseverwritten.FlemingincurredtherespectofauthorsasdiverseasRaymondChandler，KingsleyAmis，andEdithSitwell.HisfansincludedJohn，Jackie，andBobbyKennedy，andhissocialcircleincludedPrimeMinisterAnthonyEden，EvelynWaugh，andSomersetMaugham.Flemingfilledoutthe12yearsofBondwithgreatadventurejournalism.Eveninstorieswhichhadlittleactionorpayoff，suchashisshortnon-fictionbook，TheDiamondSmugglers，the“Fleming-flair”ensuredexcitingreading.Hewrotethe“Atticus”columnfortheSundayTimes，provingawonderfulconduitforinsideintelligenceinformation，andcleverrebukes(指责).Regardlessofbooksalesorfamilyobligations，Flemingmanagedtolivethelifehewanted.Astheyearspassed，hispassionforgolfingincreasedsohetookmoretimewithit.Fleming’slong-termfascinationwithAmericagrew，sohetraveledtheremoreoften.IanFleming’sfulllifecaughtupwithhimthroughhisheart.Itmaybethatyearsofdrinkingandsmokingtooktheirtoll，orthatthebutter-richcookingFleminglovedwastheculprit.Ormaybeitwasjustgenetics.Whateverthecause，Fleming’shealthdeclinedinthelate1950s.ThisplusanxietiesinthemarriageincreasedFleming’sdepression.WiththesuccessofBond，theworldcameknockingatFleming’sdoor，andhehadahardertimeshuttingthoseoutthathedidnotwantinhislife.Nonetheless，Flemingfoughtthelosingbattleofhisweakeningheartbythrowingmorefuelonthefire.Hecontinuedtodrinkandsmoke，makingsomeexcusesbutnotmany.Hewrotebookshewantedtoread，andtraveledtheworldwithstyleandauthority.Bythistime，Fleminghadalreadyearnedhisownfortune，createdhisownidentity，andruledhisownliteraryempire.语篇解读本文为一篇人物传记。主要讲述了塑造007人物的作家伊恩·弗莱明是如何走向写作之路的、他的写作特点及他的影响等。65.Accordingtothesecondparagraph，FlemingacceptedthejobofferedbyKemsleynewspaper.A.andhadtogiveuphisyearlyholidayplantoJamaicaB.becausehewasofferedtoworkinJamaicaeverywinterC.sothathewouldn’thavetolookforemploymentelsewhereD.onconditionthathetooktwomonthsofftoJamaicaeveryyear答案D解析推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句可知，他会在牙买加呆两个月，再根据“HeacceptedhisjobatKemsleynewspaperswithoutcompromise—thisportionoftheyearwouldbesetasideforJamaicaorhewouldlookelsewhereforemployment.”可知，他毫不妥协地接受了在肯斯利报业的工作，条件是他每年要到牙买加(度假)，否则他会去其他地方找工作。故选D。66.WhatledFlemingtofollowthepathofwriting?A.Hisdreamtobeawriter.B.Thepressurefromawoman.C.Hispotentialforliterature.D.Hisstateofhealth.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“butitwasnotuntilhefacedthepressureofamarriedwomanwhowaspregnantwithhischilddidFlemingstartthewriter’sjourney”可知，弗莱明走向写作之路来自一位怀孕的妇女的压力，故选B。67.Whenhebeganwriting，Flemingneverexpectedthat.A.hewouldchangepopularcultureB.hecouldgetoverthepressureC.AnnewouldhaveadivorceD.Annewouldkeephischild答案A解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“...butitwasnotuntilhefacedthepressureofamarriedwomanwhowaspregnantwithhischilddidFlemingstartthewriter’sjourneywhichwouldchangehislifeandpopularcultureforever.”中的末尾的定语从句中的时态would表明定语从句中的内容是发生在弗莱明开始写作之后，而且他自己从未想过自己的作家之旅会改变他的一生和流行文化。故正确答案为A。68.Fleming’sthrillersreflectedhis.A.senseofpopularcultureB.relationshipwithAnneC.ownpersonalitiesD.lifeatJamaica答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，弗莱明的写作生涯值得更多的审视，但在接下来的12年里，伊恩·弗莱明把他的精英生活、他的傲慢、他的风格和他尖刻的机智转变成了一些有史以来最伟大的惊悚小说。根据句中的“eliteexistence，arrogance，style，acid”等词都与个性特点有关，表明了弗莱明在他的小说中融进了自己独特的个性特点，故C项正确。69.Thefactthat“Flemingfilledoutthe12yearsofBondwithgreatadventurejournalism”showsthat.A.FlemingtookupjournalismwhenhefinishedBond’sadventuresB.FlemingputBondthroughmanythrillingadventuresC.FlemingdescribedBondasanadventurousjournalistD.FlemingexperiencedBond’sadventureswhenhewasajournalist答案B解析推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Flemingfilledoutthe12yearsofBondwithgreatadventurejournalism.Eveninstorieswhichhadlittleactionorpayoff...ensuredexcitingreading.”可知，弗莱明用adventurejournalism(新闻式的历险故事)“充满”了关于邦德的故事。故正确答案为B。70.Accordingtothepassage，Flemingdiedof.A.anunidentifiedreasonB.adiseaseoftheheartC.anunknownfamilydiseaseD.overdrinkingandsmoking答案B解析推理判断题。第七段首句“IanFleming’sfulllifecaughtupwithhimthroughhisheart.”和最后一段首句“Nonetheless，Flemingfoughtthelosingbattleofhisweakeningheartbythrowingmorefuelonthefire”都提到了heart一词，而最后一段首句中的“losingbattleofhisweakeningheart”表明弗莱明无法战胜他的心脏病。故选B。第四部分任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Povertyhasnegativeeffectsthroughoutthelifeofachild.Achildgrowingupinpovertyhasalifeexpectancysevenyearslessthanonewhodoesn