新教材适用2024-2025学年高中英语Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅢListeningandTalkingReadingforWriting夯基提能作业新人教版必修第三册

Unit4SpaceExplorationSectionⅢListeningandTalking，ReadingforWriting一、语言基础训练Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Anewrecyclingfacility(设备)willbeprovidedbythelocalcouncilnextmonth.2．Adirectandobviousexampleisthatmanymarineanimalsaredispersed(驱散)aroundtheglobe(地球)byoceancurrents.3．Hedeterminedtoargue(争辩)withthemanwhowassellingthetickets.4．Theriveristooshallow(浅)forourbigboattofloaton.5．Thecompanysetapattern(模式)ofwhatagoodcompanyshouldbe,whichmadeadifferencetous.6．Oursatellitetechnologymeansthatwecanmonitor(监视)enemyairwavesmorecloselythaneverbefore.7．What'stheregular(正常的，常规的)procedureforfilingacomplaint?8．Theteenagerismentallyaddictedtohissmartphone(智能手机)andcan'tfocusonotherthings.9．Wehavelaunchedacampaigntosupportthesustainableuseofnaturalresources(资源)．10．Thetaskistoomuchforapersonoflimited(有限的)intelligence.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.主动的思索和行动导致胜利。(resultin)2．Theriverisfourtimesaslongas/fourtimesthelengthofthatone.这条河是那条河的四倍长。(倍数表达法)3．Parentsshouldprovidetheirchildrenwithagoodeducation.父母应当给孩子供应良好的教化。(providesb.withsth.)4．Ridingabikeisanenvironmentallyfriendlymeansoftransport.骑自行车是环保的交通方式。(动名词作主语)5．Itdependsonhimwhetherheacceptsthejoborrefusesit.接受还是拒绝这项工作取决于他。(whether...or...)6．Themenweresoonexhaustedandwererunningoutoffood.这些人很快就力倦神疲了，食物也快吃完了。(runoutof)7．Itisobviousthatthegirlisattachedtothetoyselectedbyhermother.很明显，小女孩喜爱妈妈选的这个玩具。(it作形式主语)8．Ashewastired,hewenttobedatonce.因为累了，他马上就去睡觉了。(as引导缘由状语从句)二、培优提升训练Ⅰ.阅读理解(2024·江苏省南京市六校联合体高一下期末)YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersontogobeyondEarth'satmospherein1961.Ashespent108minutesinorbit,theRussianastronautconsumedatubeofbeef-and-liverpaste(糊状物)withasideofchocolatesauce.HisAmericancounterparts(同行)enjoyedequallyunappetizingcuisineduringtheirtripstothemoon,butpureed(做成泥的)meatgavewaytofreeze-driedmealsbythetimethespaceshuttlefirstlaunchedin1981.Today,astronautsaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)alsoenjoyfreshfruitandvegetablessentfromhome.Anincreasinglyappealingspacediethasensuredastronautsgetmoreofwhattheirbodiesneed.LifeaboardtheISS,forexample,ishard—asix-hourspacewalkcanburnmorethan2,000calories—soit'sessentialthatastronautsconsumeenoughfoodtodothejob.Andovertime,zerogravityweakenstheheartandothermuscles,requiringanyonelivinginittoexerciseregularly.“Flavoristheprimarydriverformostdecisionssurroundingfoodintake，”saysRobinTucker,anassistantprofessorofnutritionscienceatMichiganStateUniversity.Floatingfreelycanweakenthesenseoftasteandsmell.Providingavarietyofseasonings(调味品)helpswiththat.NASAalsomakessuretheSpaceStationhascrewmembers'favoritesnacks.Themenuincludesgoodies,liketheoccasionalpizzaduringresupplyflights.However,deliverieswon'tbepossibleonamonth'slongtriptoMars,andrefrigeratorsandfreezersrequiretoomuchroomandenergytobepractical.Giventhatvitaminsandmineralsinpackagedmealsslowlybreakdown，NASAisresearchinghowastronautsmightgrowvegetables.Italsohasexperimentedwithsomethinglikea3Dprinterthatwouldcombinepowderedstarch(粉状淀粉),protein,andfatwithmicronutrients,oil,andwatertomaketastyfood.Ashumansgoevenfartherintospace,suchideaswillensuretheyeatsomethinghealthier,fresher,andmoreacceptablethanwetandstickystuffsqueezedfromatube.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空中的饮食状况。1．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofastronauts'foodbefore1981？DA．Itwastoodry.B．Itwasoriginal.C．Itwasunhealthy.D．Itwasunappealing.解析：推理推断题。依据第一段中的“HisAmericancounter-parts(同行)enjoyedequallyunappetizingcuisineduringtheirtripstothemoon(他的美国同行在登月旅行中享受着同样没有吸引力的饭菜)”可推知，作者认为1981年以前宇航员的食物是没有吸引力的。故选D。2．Whatinfluencesastronauts'foodconsumptioninspacemostaccordingtoRobinTucker？BA．Thefood'slook.B．Thefood'staste.C．Thefood'ssmell.D．Thefood'snutrition.解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“‘Flavoristheprimarydriverformostdecisionssurroundingfoodintake，’saysRobinTucker(罗宾·塔克说：‘味道是大多数食物摄入决策的主要驱动力。’)”可知，RobinTucker认为食物的味道对宇航员在太空中的食物消耗影响最大。故选B。3．Howmightspaceflightsaffectastronauts？CA．Theymightbecomeoverweight.B．Theyhavetotakeinfewerseasonings.C．Theymighthaveaweakenedsenseofsmell.D．TheyhavetodomoreexercisethanonEarth.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段第一句“Floatingfreelycanweakenthesenseoftasteandsmell.(自由漂移会减弱味觉和嗅觉。)”可知，太空飞行会导致宇航员的嗅觉减弱。故选C。4．WhatisNASAfocusingonatpresent？CA．Preventingthebreakdownofnutrientsinfood.B．SendingsuppliestothespaceshipsflyingtoMars.C．Enablingastronautstofeedthemselvesinspace.D．Increasingthevolumeoffreezersonspaceships.解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“NASAisresearching...maketastyfood.”可知，美国航天局正在探讨宇航员如何种植蔬菜和用类似3D打印机的设备自己制作食物，由此可推知，美国航天局目前的重点是探讨如何使宇航员能够在太空中自食其力。故选C。Ⅱ.语法填空阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2024·广东省广州市荔湾区协和中学高一下学期考试)XuYuanchong,atranslator1.known(know)athomeandabroadandaprofessorattheSchoolofJournalismandCommunicationofPekingUniversity,passedawayinBeijingonJune17,2024at2.theageof100.Bornin1921inNanchang,JiangxiProvince,afterstudyingforeign3.languages(language)atbothTheNationalSouthwestAssociatedUniveristyandTsinghuaUniversity,Xuhadbeenworking4.asaprofessoratPekingUniversitysince1983.Xudevoted5.himself(he)toliterarytranslationformorethan60years,whowas6.widely(wide)recognizedinChinaas“thefirstpersonabletotranslateChinese,EnglishandFrenchclassics”．HetranslatedChineseworksintoEnglishandFrench,andmajorwesternpublicationsintoChinese.Xuheldthebeliefthatthetranslatedversionshouldconveythewholesensory(感官的)experience7.that/whichtheoriginalbringstothereader.Throughthispursuitofrespectfortheauthors,Xu8.wasawarded(award)the“AuroraBorealis”PrizeforOutstandingTranslationofFictionLiteraturein2014,oneofthe9.highest(high)honorsinthefieldoftranslation.HewasthefirstChinesetranslator10.towin(win)suchanaward.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我国闻名的翻译家许渊冲的生平以及在文学翻译方面的巨大成就和贡献。解析：1．考查非谓语动词。句意：许渊冲是国内外知名的翻译家和北京高校新闻与传播学院的教授，于2024年6月17日在北京逝世，享年100岁。动词know和translator之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填known。2.考查冠词。attheageof...为固定搭配，意为“在……岁时”。故填the。3．考查名词。句意：许在1921年诞生于江西南昌，先后在西南联合高校和清华高校学习外语，1983年起在北京高校担当教授。language“语言”，是可数名词，此处应用复数表示泛指。故填languages。4.考查介词。workas...为固定搭配，意为“作为……(身份)而工作”。故填as。5.考查代词。句意：许从事文学翻译工作60余年，被中国公认为“能翻译中英法名著的第一人”。devoteoneselftosth为固定搭配，意为“致力于；投身于”。故填himself。6.考查词性转换。修饰动词recognized，应用副词作状语。故填widely。7.考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词experience，且在从句中作宾语，应用that或which。故填that/which。8．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一样。主语Xu和动词award之间是被动关系，依据时间状语in2014可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数。故填wasawarded。9.考查形容词的最高级。依据设空后的“inthefieldoftranslation”可知，此处指“翻译领域的最高荣誉之一”，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。10.考查非谓语动词。句意：他是第一个获得该奖项的中国翻译家。名词translator前有序数词修饰，应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填towin。Ⅲ.读后续写阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。DrumsinSpaceBrendaBongoswashappy,artisticgirl,agirlwithonebigambition—toplaythedrumsinaband.Butonebigobstaclelayinherway.Tobegoodenoughtoplayinaband,Brendahadtopracticealot,butshelivednext-doortoalotofoldpeople—manyofthemweresick—inacarehome.Sheknewthatthesoundofbeatingdrumsandcrashingcymbals(铙钹)wouldreallymakethemmad.Brendawasaverygood,respectfulgirl.Shealwaystriedtofindawayofpracticingherdrumswithoutbotheringotherpeople.So,shehadtriedplayinginthestrangestplaces:abasement,akitchen,anattic,andeveninashower.Butitwasnogood;therewasalwayssomeoneitwouldannoy.However,determinedtopracticeasmuchasshecould,Brendaspentmostofhertimeplayingonbooksandboxes,andlookingfornewplacestopractice.Oneday,whilewatchingasciencedocumentaryonTV,sheheardthatsoundcannottravelinspace,becausethere'snoair.Atthatmoment,BrendaBongosdecidedtobecomeasortofmusicalastronaut.Withthehelpofalotoftime,alotofbooks,andalotofwork,Brendabuiltaspacebubble.Thiswasabigglassballconnectedtoamachinewhichsuckedoutalltheairinside.Allthatwouldbeleftinsidewasadrumkitandachair.Brendagotintothespacesuitshehadmade,enteredthebubble,turnedonthemachine,and...Sheplayedthosedrumslikeawildchild!Itwasn'tlongbeforeBrendaBongos—“TheMusicalAstronaut”—hadbecomeveryfamous.Somanypeoplecametoseeherplayinherspacebubblethatshehadtomountapairofspeakerssothateveryonecouldlistentoherplay.Shortlyafterwardsshecameoutofthebubble