英语写作(一)Unit-2-The-Appropriate-文本

Unit2TheAppropriateWord2011-Simon-GDUBSUnitObjectivesDifferentiatevariousstylesinEnglish,namely,formal,general,colloquial,andslang;AvoidsomepitfallsofChinglish;andDevelopanawarenessofaudienceinnotewriting.INTRODUCTION

By“appropriate”,wemeantheproperstyleofEnglishandtheavoidanceofChinglish.Wemustbeawarefromtheverybeginningthatthereexistvariousstylesinwords:someareformalorgeneral,whileothersarecolloquialorslang.2011-Simon-GDUBSINTRODUCTION

Knowingthesestylesisthefirststepinthepracticeofusingtheminwriting.Thechoiceofstyleisdecidedbygenreaswellastheaudience.Whenyouwrite,youshouldbeabletodecideonthestyleoftheirwritingaccordingtothesetwofactors.2011-Simon-GDUBSPartIIFocus

OnP16.Formal:adjourngeneral:finishFormal:consensusgeneral:agreement2011-Simon-GDUBSPartIIFocusFormalorgeneral?Afteradoubleattempttoinserthimselfthroughthewindow,Mikeconcededfailure.Change:Aftertwotriesatclimbinginthroughthewindow,Mikegaveup.2011-Simon-GDUBS

FocusRevisetheparagraphonP17.Reference:Theauthorhasmadealifetime’sstudyoffilmhistory,andtheknowledgeshehasaccumulatedistemperedbyafinesenseofjudgment.Shedevotesawholechaptertoananalysisofhorrorfilm.Thesefilms,accordingtoher,domuchmorethanjustfrightenus;theyenableustoforgetourworries.2011-Simon-GDUBS

ClassroomActivities

1.

Naturalstyle:Ifthereisanaccidentorincidentthatmaybecoveredbythispolicy,notifyusinwritingassoonaspossible.youcangivethisnoticetoanyofourauthorizedagents.2011-Simon-GDUBS

ClassroomActivities2.a.Thegeneralmanageraskedyoutowaitforasecond.b.whenMacbethrecoiledatthethoughtofmurder,LadyMacbethurgedhimnottowithdraw.c.Iaskedhimtostophismisconduct.2011-Simon-GDUBS

ClassroomActivities3.Thefirstexcerptiscolloquialandthetwopersonsmaybefriendsorcolleagues.Thesecondexcerptisratherformalandthetwopersonsmaycolleagues.Thethirdisthemostformal.Actuallyitistakenfromareportandthewritermaydetheheadofthedepartment.2011-Simon-GDUBSChinglishGrasptheconnotationa.Thewordpropagateistheliteralequivalentof宣传,butitsaffectivemeaningistotallydifferent.ItisderogatoryincontrasttotheneutralChineseword.Thesentencecanbetranslatedinto“Pleasehelpustoadvertisethisnewproduct.”2011-Simon-GDUBSChinglishb.Theword个人主义hasanegativesenseinChinesewhileindividualisticisjusttheoppositeinEnglish.Itsignifiesindependence,individualfreedomandright,soitisnottheEnglishequivalentof个人主义;abetterwordwouldbeselfish,orself-centered.2011-Simon-GDUBSChinglishAvoidrepetitionofmeaningTranslateonP20

2011-Simon-GDUBSChinglisha.Everyonefeels(withoutunanimously)thatdoesn’tseemtobetrue.b.Thatideasoundedveryinteresting,andthetwoideashappenedtomerge(withouttogether).c.Thehigh-jumperhasseta(withoutnew)worldrecord.2011-Simon-GDUBSChinglishOnP211.a.Howareyou?b.youropinionswillbeappreciated.c.youmusthavehadatiringjourney/day/welldone./Thatwasahardjob.2011-Simon-GDUBSChinglish2.a.Hewastorturedbytheenemy.他受到敌人残酷的迫害。

b.That’sanillusion.

那是不切实际的幻想。

2011-Simon-GDUBSChinglishc.Wehaveeliminatedtheenemyforce.我们把敌人全部消灭了。

d.Howcanyoubelievethoselies?

你怎么能相信这些毫无根据的谎言呢？

2011-Simon-GDUBSGrammarSubjectivevs.objective1.Subjectivepronounscanbeusedasthesubjectorpartofthepredicate(谓语）ofasentence,whileobjectivepronounscanbeusedastheobjectofeitheraverborapreposition.2011-Simon-GDUBSGrammarSubjectivevs.objective2.Bothsubjectiveandobjectivepronounscanbeusedaspartofapredicateandthedifferenceliesinstyle.Ifasubjectivepronounisused,itsoundsformaland,therefore,isusuallypreferredinformalwriting.Ifitisanobjectivepronounthatisused,itsoundscolloquialandis,therefore,preferredinin-formalspeech.2011-Simon-GDUBSGrammarSubjectivevs.objective3.PhraseslikeIthink,Ibelieve,Isuppose,wheninsertedintoaclause,donotaffecttherolesoftheothercomponentsintheclause.2011-Simon-GDUBSGrammarSubjectivevs.objective4.whentheinterrogativepronoun（疑问代词）isnotthefirstwordofaquestion,standardusagehasnotyetgivenupwhomafteraprepositionorattheendofthequestion:Forwhomwasthepartygiven?Youlistenedtowhom?Withwhomdidyougo?2011-Simon-GDUBSGrammarSubjectivevs.objectiveHowever,popularusagehasbeenmovingtowardstheeliminationofwhom,especiallywhenitcomesfirstinaquestion.Whoisitfor?Whodidyoumeet?Whoareyoulookingfor?2011-Simon-GDUBSGrammarSingularvs.plural1.Useasingularpronounwhentheintentoftheantecedentissingular.Anindefinitepronoun（不定代词）,likesomeone,everyone,noone,andone,isusuallyconsideredtobesingularandreferredtowithsingularpronouns,butsometimesitisusedinthepluralsenseandform.2011-Simon-GDUBSGrammarSingularvs.plural2.Useapluralpronounwhentheintentoftheantecedentisplural.2011-Simon-GDUBSGrammarPointofviewOneoftheproblemsaboutthepointofviewisacarelessshiftfromonesubjecttoanotherwithina