山东省菏泽市高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试卷

2019届高三联考英语试卷考生注意:1.本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3.考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。3.本卷命题范围:高考范围。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atarestaurant. B.Inthestreet. C.Athome.【答案】C【解析】【分析】W:Whyisthefloorsowet?Whathappened?M:NosoonerhadIgottenintotheshowerthanthephonerang.【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】Howdidthemangetthebook?A.Hereceiveditfromhisfriend.B.Heboughtitfromabookstore.C.Heborroweditfromthelibrary.【答案】C【解析】【分析】W:Thebookissointeresting.M:Ifyoulikeit,Icanlendittoyou.Iborroweditfromthelibraryoneweekagoandtherearestilltwoweeksleft.【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthespeakersdofirstafterwatchingthedolphinshow?A.Seetheelephants. B.Drinkacupoftea. C.Haveawatchrepaired.【答案】B【解析】【分析】W:Let'sgetsomethingtodrinkandthengoandseetheelephants.M:Butthedolphinshowstartsintwominutes.Ireallywanttoseethat.Wecangetacupofteaafterwards.W:Goodidea.【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】Whatcanweknowabouttheman?A.Hehadjustjoinedanewteam.B.Hewaspraisedbythemanager.C.Heevaluatedothers’performances,【答案】B【解析】【分析】W:Youlookhappy.M:Iam.Ihadmyperformanceevaluationtoday.W:Soitwentwell?M:Yes.Themanagersaidmyinterpersonalskillsaregreat.Iworkwellwithothers.【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.ApresentforMolly. B.Abirthdayparty. C.Amusician’slife.【答案】A【解析】【分析】A:DidyougetapresentforMolly'sbirthday?W:Yes,shelovestolistentoJohnnyHolden’smusic.Andshe'sgotallhisCDs.ThenIsawthisbookthatintroducesJohnnyHolden’slife,soIgotherthis.M:Goodidea!【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)请听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】6.Whathappenedtotheman?A.Hegotinjured. B.Melostafootball. C.Hehitaboy.7.Whencanthemangobacktoschool?A.In48hours. B.In4days. C.Inamonth.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】W:Didyougettheinjuryplayingfootball,Jim?M:Yes.Oneoftheboyskickedmyfootinsteadoftheball.W:Thebestthingforyoutodoistorestyourlegfor48hours.M:WhencanIgobacktoschool?W:Youcangobackin4days,butyou'llneedtoavoidsportsforamonth.【6题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【7题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthenewbasketballshirts?A.Theyareplain. B.Theyarecolorful. C.Theyareexpensive.9.Whatcanthewomandofortheman?A.Havetheshirtschanged. B.Taketheshirtstohishouse. C.Drawpicturesontheshirts.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】M:Hello.W:Hi.I'vejustbeentocollectyournewbasketballshirtsfromtheschool.M:Yeah,whatdotheylooklike?W:Idon’tknowifyoulikethemasmuchaslastseasonsyouhadwhiteonesthen,remember?Andtheyellowpictureonitmadeiteasytoseeyouguysonthebasketballfield,didn’tit?Butthisyeartheyarejustplain,nopicture.Samecolor,anyway.Icanbringthemtoyourhousetoseewhatyouthink.M:OK.W:Butit’sabitlatetochangethemnow,Iguess.【8题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【9题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】10.Whoistoblamefortheaccident?A.Theman. B.Ataxidriven C.Thewoman.11.Whatdothespeakersprobablydo?A.Teachers. B.Nurses. C.Students.12.Whatwillthewomando?A.Helpthemanwithhisexams.B.Acpanythemanforaweek.C.Takecareoftheman’sbrokenleg.【答案】10.B11.C12.A【解析】W:Hello,Dan.Iwassorrytohearthatyouhadanaccidentlastweek.Howdidithappenandhowareyoufeelingnow?M:Well,Iwasridingonmybicyclealongthestreetwhenataxidriversuddenlymadeasharpturninfrontofme.IcouldnotstopmybicycleintimeandIwasknockeddown.Fortunately,Ionlygotabrokenarmandabrokenleg.ThedoctorsaidthatIwouldhavetostayinhospitalforatleastaweek.W:Doyourarmandleghurtnow?M:Yes,myleghurtsbadly,butIcanbearthepain.TheonlythingthatI'mworriedaboutismyclasses.Youknow,ourteachersaidnextweekwewouldhaveourmidtermexams.W:Well,don'tworryabouttheexams.Icanhelpyou.M:Thankyou,butIdon'treallywanttostayherethatlong.Anyway,thankyouforingtoseeme.【10题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【11题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【12题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】13.Whywasthewomanfrightenedthatshemightputthechildrenindanger?A.Shehadnoconfidenceatall.B.Shehadmademistakesbefore.C.Shewaslackinginexperience.14.Whatdoesthewomanlikedoing?A.Seeingchildrenhavesomuchfun.B.Teachingchildrentojoininactivities.C.Gettingablerchildrentobeperfect.15.Whatdoesthewomansayabouttheworkatnight?A.Itistoughandunnecessary.B.Someoneneedstobeonduty.C.Shelikesworkingaftermidnight.16.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Interviewerandinterviewee. B.Bossandsecretary. C.Colleagues.【答案】13.C14.A15.B16.A【解析】M:IhavewithmethiseveningLouiseGraham,agroupleaderatRavensfieldOutdoorAdventureCenterforchildren.Louise,howlonghaveyoubeenthere?W:Well,beforeIfirstwenttheretwoyearsago,IthoughtI'dprobablyonlystayforayear,butaftersixmonthsorsoIreallystartedtoenjoythejob.SoI’vebeenthereeversince.Tobehonest,Iwaslackinginselfconfidence,andwhenIfirstarrived.Iwasabitworriedaboutmakingmistakes.IwasfrightenedImightputthechildrenindangerbecauseofmyinexperience.M:What'sthebestthingaboutyourwork?W:OnethingIlikeisseeingthemhavesomuchfun,evenifsometimestheirbehaviorisn'tperfect.AndIcansuggestactivitiesthathaven’tbeentriedbefore.Buttherearealwayssomechildrenwhohaven’tquitetotasmuchabilityasothers,andformethemostrewardingpartofthejobisgettingthemtosucceedinthingstheyhaven’tmanagedtodobefore.It'shardwork,though.Sometimesyouareondutyatnight.M:Mm,Whatdoyouthinkaboutthat?W:Well,IcantsayIlookforwardtostartingworkat10:00pm,butthekidshavetobelookedafter24hours,sosomeonehastodoitandallthestafftaketurns.【13题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【14题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【15题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【16题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】17.Whatwastheexhibitionaboutlastyear?A.Starposters. B.Railwayposters. C.Holidayposters.18.WherecanpeopleenjoyTheRoseGarden?A.AttheEntertainmentCenter. B.AttheArtsCenter. C.AttheReceptionCenter.19.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodo?A.Preparesomemoneyfortheadmissiontotheexhibition.B.LookbackonallofAlanBrown’spreviousfilmsonTV.C.BooktheticketsforDetectiveintheShadowsinadvance.20.HowlongistheTouristCenteropenonSaturday?A.Forsevenhours. B.Forsixhours. C.Forfivehours.【答案】17.C18.B19.C20.A【解析】W:Goodmorning,everyone.HereistheEntertainmentGuideforthisweek.ThereisanotherexhibitionofpostersinTownHall.Lastyearitwasearlyholidayposters,butthistimetheexhibitionwillheofrailwayposters.TheexhibitionopensonMonday.Admissionisfree,andtheexhibitionisopenfromtenuntilfiveeveryday.Ifyoucanspendsometimethere,I’msureyouwillenjoyyourself.There’saspecialfeatureattheArtsCenterthisweek.It'stheveryfirstperformanceofanewplay,TheRosegarden,byalocalwriter,AlanBrown.ThisisAlansfirststageplay,butmanyofyouhaveenjoyedhisfilmsontelevision.TheplaywillbeonSaturday.Besuretobookyourseatsassoonaspossible,ifyouhavenotdonesoyet.Ifyoulikehisfilmsverymuch.Ibelievethisplaywon’tletyoudown.Thereisalsoafilm,Detectiveintheshadows,beingshownthisSundayattheArtsCenterCinema.Booktheticketsinadvancejustincasethatyoucan’tgetatickettheverydayyouetoseethefilm.TheplacetogotomakereservationsistheTouristCenter.Itisopenfrom9:30until4:30everydayexceptSundayandMonday.Also,youcanbookticketsontheInternet,justgotoArtcentercinena..【17题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【18题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【19题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。【20题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ALEADINGINTERNATIONALSCHOOLS2019●JerudongInternationalSchool(JIS),Brunei“AchievingExcellence”isthemottoofJIS,Brunei.Adevelopingboardingschoolof1,700students,40%Bruneian,JIShasmadeitselfaleadingschoolinAsia.Withalmost200highlyqualifiedteachersprimarilyfromtheUK,the120acresinglecampus(校园)closetobothcoastandrainforestoffersauniqueeducationalenvironment.ThereisaPerformingArtsCentre,27sciencelaboratories,librariesandclassrooms.●TheAmericanInternationalSchool(AIS),AustriaFoundedin1959,AISistheoldestEnglishlanguageschoolinAustria.Schoolprogramsfocusonacademics,butalsoonthedevelopmentofstudents’creativeandleadershipabilitiesandemotionalintelligence.Theschoolrecognizesstudents’speciallearningstyles,tryingtomakeinstructiondifferentandallowingstudentstoreachtheirfullpotentialindifferentareas.●SingaporeAmericanSchool(SAS),SingaporeFoundedin1956,itisoneofonlyafewgoodnonprofitschoolsinSingapore.Foroversixdecades,SAShasprovidedstudentsfrompreschooltoGrade12agoodAmericaneducationwithaninternationalview.Theschoolsupportsprofessionaldevelopmentfinanciallyandcontinuallysendsteachersacrosstheglobetodiscovernewideasandbestpracticesfrominfluentialeducationalinstitutions.●SantaClaraInternationalSchool(SCIS),SpainIntheschool,whenyouwalkintoaclassroom,you’llseehandsraised,smallgroupsassembled(集合),andpresentationsunderway.You’llfindteacherscreatingcooperativepartnershipswithstudents,encouragingthemtodiscoverandconnect.You’llobservechildrenworkingonmeaningfulhandsonprojectsthatbuildskillsandexcitecreativity.Theteachingphilosophyisthatlearninghappenseverywhere:intheclassrooms,inthecity,inamuseum,onafarm,orjustawalkaroundtheneighborhood.21.HowcanstudentsbenefitfromattendingAIS?A.Theyareexposedtothebeautyofvastrainforests.B.Theyaremadeleaderswithemotionalintelligence.C.Theyarealwayssentabroadtodiscovernewideas.D.Theyareencouragedtodeveloptheirpossibilities.22.Whichschoolattachesimportancetoteachers’development?A.JIS. B.SAS. C.AIS. D.SCIS.23.WhatmakesSCISdifferentfromtheotherschools?A.Itsspecialteachingmethods. B.Itsvariouspracticalcourses.C.Itslargeandbeautifulcampus. D.Itsoldesthistoryandbuildings.【答案】21.D22.B23.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四所国际学校。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二部分“Theschoolrecognizesstudents’speciallearningstyles,tryingtomakeinstructiondifferentandallowingstudentstoreachtheirfullpotentialindifferentareas.”可知，奥地利的美国国际学校鼓励学生们开发自己的潜力。故D选项正确。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第三部分“Theschoolsupportsprofessionaldevelopmentfinanciallyandcontinuallysendsteachersacrosstheglobetodiscovernewideasandbestpracticesfrominfluentialeducationalinstitutions.”可知，新加坡美国学校注重教师的发展。故B选项正确。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一部分“You’llfindteacherscreatingcooperativepartnershipswithstudent.encouragingthemtodiscoverandconnect.You’llobservechildrenworkingonmeaningfulhandsonprojectsthatbuildskillsandexcitecreativity.”可推断，西班牙的圣克拉拉国际学校的独特的教学方法使之与其他三所学校不同。故A选项正确。【点睛】细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。此外，在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决细节理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。以本文第1小题为例，本题运用定位法：我们根据题干HowcanstudentsbenefitfromattendingAIS?其关键词是benefitfromattendingAIS，从而直接定位到TheAmericanInternationalSchool(AIS),Austria部分的——Theschoolrecognizesstudents’speciallearningstyles,tryingtomakeinstructiondifferentandallowingstudentstoreachtheirfullpotentialindifferentareas.可知，奥地利的美国国际学校鼓励学生们开发自己的潜力。故D选项正确。BThemorningafteraneveningstruggletocareformythreeyearolddaughter,Icouldn’twaittogethertoschool.I,asamother,wastiredfromtheangerandherinabilitytomunicatebecauseofherslowedlanguagedevelopment.AsIacpaniedherintothecar,Ifeltdesperate.Nothingwasrightwithourworld.She’dbeenbornaroundthesametimewhenthenationwaswitnessingthebirthofanotherGreatRecession.Myjobandmyhousehadbeenvictims.Thenthishappened.Mychild’slanguagedelaywasidentified,butdoctorsstruggledtoproperlyhelpher,Ifeltlikewebothneededtoherescued.Ireturnedthatafternoonasdisenchantedwiththelittlegirl1lovedaswhen1left.Walkingslowlytowardtheschool’splaygroundgate,Ifoundherpreschoolteacherracingtogreetme.“Youshouldhaveseenhertoday!”Hisbreathywordsweresupportedbyexcitement.Ididn’tinterrupt.“Seethatclimber.”Hepointedtoawoodenpieceofplaygroundequipmentthatlookedlikearockwall.Inodded.“Well,everydaysinceshestartedschool,she’striedandfailedtomakeittothetop.”Hetookabreath.“Andtodayshedidit!”Heexpressedhisjoyjustashe’dwitnessedherconqueringMountEverest!“Shecheeredandcelebrated!IwishI’drecordedit!”Hiswordsfortedme.Mydaughterhadconqueredhermountain.Assherantowardme,IrecognizedsomethingIhadn’tbefore.Isawherperseverance(毅力).Isawherstrength.IsawaHero.Everydaygreatnesscelebratesordinarypeoplewhodounusualthingsinbigandsmallways,showingcourage,kindness,loveandselflessness.Weencourageyoutoclickthesebriefaccountsandinviteyoutoshareyourownstory.24.Whydidtheauthorrushherdaughtertoschool?A.Shewasbusywithherworkasadoctor.B.Shehadafightwithherdaughterlastnight.C.Shebrokedownwhendealingwithherdaughter.D.ShehadtoselltheirhouseduetoGreatRecession.25.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“disenchanted”underlinedinparagraph3?A.Happy. B.Concerned.C.Careful. D.Disappointed.26.Whydidthelittlegirl’spreschoolteacherfeelexcited?A.ShesucceededinstandingonMountEverest.B.Shemanagedtoclimbupthewoodenequipment.C.Shegotthefirstplaceintheschoolsportsmeet.D.Shebegantomunicatewithothersnormally.27.Fromwhichisthetextmostprobablytaken?A.Theradio. B.Amagazine.C.Anewspaper. D.TheInternet.【答案】24.C25.D26.B27.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的女儿有语言障碍，尽管应对女儿使作者精疲力竭，但是女儿的坚韧终于让她成为作者心中的英雄。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“I,asamother，wastiredfromtheangerandherinabilitytomunicatebecauseofherslowedlanguagedevelopment.”及第二段“Ifeltlikewebothneededtoberescued.”可知，作者迫不及待地把女儿送到学校，因为女儿有语言障碍，应对女儿使作者感到崩溃了。故C选项正确。【25题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段“AsIacpaniedherintothecar,Ifeltdesperate.”和第三段的第一句可知，作者送孩子上学的感受和接孩子时的感受应该是一样的。由此可推断，画线词与disappointed意思最为接近。故D选项正确。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段可知，作者的女儿从开学第一天起就一直在努力攀登这个木制的设备，但是一直没有成功，那天她终于成功了，所以老师很激动。故B选项正确。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是“Weencourageyoutoclickthesebriefaccounts...”可推断，本文最有可能来自于网络。故D选项正确。【点睛】依据逻辑推理猜测词义：运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。在第2小题中，考生可以根据该划线词所在的上下文语境来推测其指代对象。根据第二段“AsIacpaniedherintothecar,Ifeltdesperate.”（当我陪她上车时，我感到绝望）和第三段的第一句Ireturnedthatafternoonasdisenchantedwiththelittlegirl1lovedaswhen1left.可知，作者送孩子上学的感受和接孩子时的感受应该是一样的。由此可推断，画线词与disappointed意思最为接近。故D选项正确。CDolphins,Africangrayparrotsandsomeotheranimalsunderstandtheideaof“zero,”butresearchersweresurprisedtofindthathoneybeesalsoprehendthisabstractconcept,consideringtheinsects’tinybrains,accordingtoanewstudy.Honeybeeshavefewerthanonemillionneurons(神经元),paredwiththe86billionneuronsinhumans—andyet,theygraspaconceptthathumans,bysomemeasures,don’tstarttounderstandbeforepreschool.Theresearcherssetuptwocards,eachofwhichhadasetofsymbolsonthem,liketrianglesorcircles.Then,theytrainedagroupofthebeestoflytothecardwiththelowernumberofsymbols.Thebeesquicklylearnedwhatthehumanswantedthemtodotogettheirdelicious,sweetrewards.Thetrainedbeeswerethenshownacardthatwasemptyandonethathadsymbolsonit.Thereisnoneedforthebeestobetrainedtoflymoreoftentotheemptycard—thusshowingthattheyunderstoodthat“zero”wasanumberlessthantheothers.Althoughtheyflewmoreoftentoanemptycardthantoonethathadonesymbolonit,itbecameeasierforthemtodistinguishwhenthesymbolsonthecardincreasedinnumber.Forexample,theymoreoftenflewtothezerowhentheothercardhadfoursymbolsthanwhenithadone.Perhapsthesefindingswillexplainthebrainmechanism(机制)behindwhatallowsustounderstandtheconceptof“nothing,”AdrianDyer,aresearchersaid.Thisunderstanding,inturn,couldhelpinthedevelopmentofartificialintelligence(AI)thatalsounderstandsthisconcept.“Ifbeescanunderstand‘zero’withabrainoflessthanamillionneurons,itsuggeststherearesimple,efficientwaystoteachAInewtricks,”Dyersaidinthestatement.28.Whatisasurprisingfindingfortheresearchers?A.Manyanimalsalsoprehendthemeaningof“zero”.B.Thenumberofneuronsofhoneybeesismuchsmaller.C.Honeybeescanunderstand“zero”withtheirtinybrains.D.Humansfailtorecognizeabstractideasbeforepreschool.29.Whatcanthebeesdowithoutfurthertraining?A.Flydirectlytothecardwithmoresymbolsonit.B.Flylessoftentothecardwithfewersymbolsonit.C.Flyquiteslowlytothecardwithoutanythingonit.D.Flymoreoftentothecardwithoutanysymbolonit.30.WhatdoesAdrianDyersayaboutthesefindings?A.Theyofferinspirationtothedevelopmentoftechnology.B.Theyenablepeopletounderstandmoreabstractconcepts.C.Theysuggestwaystoteachhumanssomeplextricks.D.Theyallowpeopletosetanewtypeofbrainmechanism.31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Honeybeesknowabouttheconceptof“zero”.B.Honeybeescanunderstandmuchashumansdo.C.HoneybeeswillhelptoimproveAIinthefuture.D.Honeybeescanbetrainedtoprehend“zero”.【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。通过实验表明，蜜蜂与其他许多动物一样，能理解诸如“零”这样的抽象概念，尤其是蜜蜂的脑容量相比人类来说很小。这给人类尤其是人工智能带来了启示。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“...butresearchersweresurprisedtofindthathoneybeesalsoprehendthisabstractconcept,consideringtheinsects’tinybrains...”可知，令研究人员惊奇的是蜜蜂的脑容量小，但它们却也能理解像“零”这样的抽象概念。故C选项正确。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是最后一句可知，蜜蜂能飞向没有符号的卡片是不需要被进一步训练的。故D选项正确。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ifbeescanunderstand‘zero’withabrainoflessthanamillionneurons,itsuggeststherearesimple,efficientwaystoteachAInewtricks.Dyersaidinthestatement.”可知，AdrianDyer认为这些发现能够为科技的发展提供一些灵感。故A选项正确。【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要是在讲蜜蜂与其他许多动物一样，能理解诸如“零”这样的抽象概念。故A选项正确。DInthisPennsylvaniacity,Pittsburghisshrinkingbutgettingwealthier.Since2000,itspopulationhasdeclinedby95,000whileitsinepercapita(人均)hasshotup24percent.Thetrendistakingholdinmanyothercities,likeBuffaloinNewYork,ProvidenceinRhodeIslandandNewOrleans.Someoftheseareashavecreatedmorehighpayingjobsinenergy,healthcareoreducation.Othershavemanagedtoreshapetheirmanufacturing(制造业)foraneweconomy.Higherpayingjobshaveagreatereffectbecausetheycreatedemandforadditionalservices.“ThestoryinPittsburghisverypositive,andotherareasarelookingatitasanexampleofthetransformationthatmightbepossible,”saidGuhanVenkatu,whowroteaneconomichistoryoftheareacalled“RustandRenewal”fortheFederalReserveBankofCleveland.CarnegieMellonUniversityandtheUniversityofPittsburghhavehelpedbringtechjobsandinnovation(革新)totheareabysponsoringtechcentersthathelpgraduatesstartpanieswithoutmovingtoSiliconValleyorSanFrancisco.ThishashelpedkeepPittsburgh’seducatedyoungpopulationgrowingevenastheentirepopulationinthecityhasdropped.PittsburghhasmoreSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmath)jobsthanothershrinkingcities,about80,000or7%ofalljobs.STEMjobsaddproductivityandinegrowthtothearea.ManufacturersofhightechmedicalequipmentinthePittsburghareaalsohavedoubledemploymentinthelast10years.However,someexpertsquestionwhethergrowinginepercapitacanreallymakeupforadecliningpopulation.AccordingtoPatrickAdler,aresearcherattheUniversityofToronto,populationlossdoesmatterifitmeanslowerskilledworkershavefledbecauseofalackofopportunity.What’smore,highpayingjobsineducationandhealthcarecandisappearifthepopulationdeclinestoogreatly.Soit’dbewisetofindwaystoincreasethepopulation.32.InwhataspectdoesPittsburghsetagoodexample?A.Transformingnewenergy. B.Creatingmorewellpaidjobs.C.Prohibitingthemanufacturing. D.Sponsoringhighereducation.33.Howdosomeacademicinstitutionshelpwiththelocaleconomy?A.Byhelpingtoattractmoretalentsfromotherareas.B.Byprovidingmuchtechnicalsupporttolocalpanies.C.Bysuccessfullykeepingeducatedyouthsworkinglocally.D.Byassistinginemployingalargenumberofeducatedyouths.34.WhyisPatrickAdlermentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Toshowthedisadvantageofadecliningpopulation.B.Togiveasuggestionaboutincreasingpopulation.C.Toraisedoubtsaboutgrowinginepercapita.D.Totellareasonwhylowerskilledworkersflee.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HowFastJobGrowthIsRelatedtoPopulationGrowthB.HowLesscrowdedCitiesPlanTheirHightechEconomyC.WhySomeCitiesareLosingPeoplebutGettingWealthierD.WhySomeCitiesareSufferingFromaShrinkingPopulation【答案】32.B33.C34.A35.C【解析】本文为说明文。在美国有一些城市人口在减少，但经济在发展，这其中是有原因的。文章对此进行了介绍说明。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Someoftheseareashavecreatedmorehighpayingjobsinenergy,healthcareoreducation”和第三、四段可推断，匹兹堡在创造更多的高薪工作方面树立了榜样。故B选项正确。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“CarnegieMellonUniversityandtheUniversityofPittsburghhavehelpedbringtechjobsandinnovation(革新)totheareabysponsoringtechcentersthathelpgraduatesstartpanieswithoutmovingtoSiliconValleyorSanFrancisco.ThishashelpedkeepPittsburgh’seducatedyoungpopulationgrowing...”可知，一些学术机构通过成功地让受教育的年轻人在当地工作来帮助当地的经济。故C选项正确。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推断，最后一段提到PatrickAdler是为了说明人口减少的弊端。故A选项正确。【35题详解】标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，本文主要是在介绍有些城市人口在减少但经济却在发展的原因。故C选项正确。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Weautomaticallyassumethatasadults,we’rewiserthanwhenwewerechildren.However,actuallywecanlearnalotfromourchildhoodself.Forexample,wecanlearntodevelopoptimismaboutthefuture.DoyourememberhowexcitedyouusedtobejustbeforeChristmas?___36___Reintroducethatchildlikewonderintoourdailyexperiences.Wecanlearntodreambigandimaginetheimpossible.Howoftenhaveyouheardachildsaysomethinglike“Oneday,I’mgoingtobeanastronaut”?Ouradultmindsimmediatelylaughatthisideaandthinkaboutallthelogicalreasonsastowhythismightneverhappen.___37___Weminimizeourchancesofattainingwhatwedreamabout.Itisokaytodreambigjustasourchildhoodselfdid.___38___Ourchildhoodselflookedatpossibilitiesandbelievedwecouldachievethemsuccessfully.Ifwewantedtobuildatreehouse,we’dgoaboutthinkingabouthowtomakeithappeninsteadoffocusingonallthereasonsitmightnothappen.Inthiswaywecanfillourlifewithpossibilitiesratherthanregrets.Wecanlearntobeplayfulandsillysometimes,___39___Childrenspendalargeamountoftimeescapingfromrealitytomessaboutandhavefun.Maketimeforyourchildhoodselftoeoutandplay.Runaroundthegarden,wearasillyhatorspendtimelaughing.___40___.A.Don’timaginethingscouldgowrong.B.Wecanlearntoholda“cando”attitude.C.Thatfeelingofgreatjoyishardtobeat.D.Mostchildrentendtothinkinapositiveway.E.Alloftheseactivitiescanmakeusfeelhappyandalive.F.Weemployselflimitingbeliefswithoutevenrealizingit.G.Allworkandnoplaymakesapersonverydullandupset.【答案】36.C37.F38.B39.G40.E【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了向孩子们学习一些好的品质。【36题详解】根据空前“DoyourememberhowexcitedyouusedtobejustbeforeChristmas?”可知，C项“那种巨大的喜悦的感觉是很难掩饰的”符合。故C选项正确。【37题详解】根据空前“Ouradultmindsimmediatelylaughatthisideaandthinkaboutallthelogicalreasonsastowhythismightneverhappen.”可知，F项“我们利用自我限制的想法却不自知”符合。故F选项正确。【38题详解】根据空后“Ourchildhoodselflookedatpossibilitiesandbelievedwecouldachievethemsuccessfully.”可知，B项“我们可以学会持有‘能够做’的态度”符合。故B选项正确。【39题详解】根据空前“Wecanlearntobeplayfulandsillysometimes.”可知，G项“只工作不玩耍让人变得无聊和沮丧”符合。故G选项正确。【40题详解】根据空前“Runaroundthegarden,wearasillyhatorspendtimelaughing.”可知，E项“所有的这些活动都会使我们感到快乐和富有生气”符合。故E选项正确。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。JohnnyandIlivedinasmallneighborhoodin1955.Wehadboughtourtwoyoungsonstwo___41___forChristmasandJohnnywouldassemblethemonChristmasEve.ButonChristmasEveday,Johnny___42___togotoBrookleyAirForceBaseinMobiletorepairajet.Ihadmyhands___43___withflour,preparingforChristmasdinnerand___44___twoenergeticboys.Iwasmakingthechocolatecakewhena(n)___45___knockedonthedoor.ItwasBeatricewhowasthe___46___persononourroadwithatelephone.Thebasehad___47___tosaythataheavytorquewrench(扭矩扳手)hadeapartinJohnny’shand,makingthehone___48___.MysisterinlawRuthandherhusband,Otto,tookmetothe___49___whilemymotherinlawstayedwiththechildren.Wegotthereonlyto___50___Johnnywithacastonhisarm,eagertogethomealthoughthedoctorrequiredthathe___51___.ItwasChristmasEve,Johnny___52___,andhehadbikestoassembleforhisboys.Thedoctorsaidhe’dconsider___53___himthenextmorningifJohnnycouldfindsomeonetodrivehimhome.OnChristmasmorning,Johnnytriedcallingthemotorpool(车辆调配所).Theysaid___54___mustefromhigherup,soJohnny___55___makingcalls.___56___,abigbluecarrolleduptothehospitalaskingforthemanwhoneededa___57___home.Johnny’smotherandIwereputtingdinneronthetablewhenweheardthecar.Wewere___58___toseeJohnny.WithOtto’shelp,Johnnyassembledtheboys’gifts.T