新教材适用2024-2025学年高中英语Unit1CulturalHeritageSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures学案新人教版必修第二册

SectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures限制性定语从句语法导图语法讲练限制性定语从句一、定语从句的种类依据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。1．限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不行缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。假如去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系特别亲密，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as；关系副词有where，when，why。D典例呈现Weknewthescientistwhohadstudiedtheproblem.我们了解那个探讨过该问题的科学家。(若把从句去掉，则不明白是哪位科学家)MyfriendlentmethestorybookthatIwantedverymuchtoread.我挚友把那本我特别想看的故事书借给了我。TheschoolwhereIstudiedonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校有三公里远。YouknowthelittleItalianrestaurantwhichImentionedinmyletter?你知道我在信中提到的那家意大利小餐馆吗？2．非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是特别亲密，只是对先行词或主句做些附加说明，假如去掉，主句的意思仍旧完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。D典例呈现WeknewthephysicalscientistHawkins，whohadstudiedtheproblem.我们了解物理科学家霍金斯，他探讨过该问题。(若把从句去掉，仍旧知道是哪位科学家)Herfather，whohasalotofmoney，wisheshertostudyabroad.她父亲很有钱，希望她出国学习。J即学即练1推断下面句中画线从句是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(1)Peoplewholiketotakephysicalexerciselivelonger.限制性定语从句(2)Hisdaughter，whoisstudyinginBostonnow，iscominghomenextweek.非限制性定语从句(3)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastnight.限制性定语从句(4)I'veinvitedJimtohaveadinnertonight，wholivesinthenextflat.非限制性定语从句二、限制性定语从句的用法1．用that，不用which的状况只能用that先行词是不定代词all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或theonly，thevery(恰恰，正好)，thelast，all，no，few，little，any等修饰时先行词既有人又有物时D典例呈现Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?你有什么要为自己说的吗？ThisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgamesthatIhaveeverseen.这是我看过的最激烈人心的足球竞赛之一。Thisistheonlythingthatwecandonow.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.你告知我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就为我们全部人所敬佩。J即学即练2单句语法填空(1)Nowallthatisurgentlyneededismoneyandhands.(2)Onaregularday，studentsattheschoolsometimescomeuptohimtosaythey'renotfeelingwellorothertimestotellhimaboutsomethingthathappenedatbreak.(3)ThethirdplacethatwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.(4)Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.2．用which，不用that的状况只能用which引导非限制性定语从句时关系代词前面有介词时关系代词后面带有插入语时若两个定语从句中一个用了关系代词that，另一个宜用whichD典例呈现Theirhousewaswashedawaybythefloods，whichmadethemsad.他们的房子被洪水冲走了，这让他们很难受。Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.动物园是展览各种动物的公园。Whensomeoneissayingsomethingwithwhichheagrees，theaverageEuropeanwillsmile.一般的欧洲人，在听到别人说他赞同的事情时，会微笑。J即学即练3单句语法填空(1)LastnightIsawafilm，whichwasaboutthewildanimals.(2)Creatinganatmosphereinwhichemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.(3)Itisatrulydelightfulplace，whichlooksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.3．关系代词作动词的间接宾语时，用to或for，无关系代词时，也要用to或forD典例呈现Whoisthegirlthathegavetheflowerto?他把花送给的那个女孩是谁？TheladyIwrotethepoemforwasmysister.我为之写诗的那位女士是我妹妹。J即学即练4单句语法填空(1)Whoisthecleverteenthattheteacherofferedgreatadvicetoyesterday?(2)Thecustomerthewaiterbroughtabowlofriceforisaworkerinthenearcompany.4．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句的留意事项(1)介词＋关系代词引导定语从句时，先行词指人，关系代词用whom，不行以用who或that；先行词指物，关系代词用which，不能用that。正式英语中，介词可置于从句之首，whom或which之前。但假如介词后置，则不受这种限制，限制性定语从句中的关系代词还可以省去，尤其在口语中。D典例呈现Doyouknowthewomantowhomtheteacheristalking?→Doyouknowthewoman(that/who/whom)theteacheristalkingto?你相识正和老师谈话的那个妇女吗？Thisisthegreatwritertowhomourteacherwasreferring.这是我们老师提到的那位宏大的作家。Heaskedaquestiontowhichtherewasnoanswer.他问了一个没有答案的问题。(2)有些固定的动词短语在定语从句中作谓语动词时，该动词短语中的介词一般不放到关系代词前，常见的此类动词短语有lookfor，listento，lookafter，takecareof等。D典例呈现Thisistheintelligentwatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.这是我要找的智能手表。Thelecturewhichthestudentsarelisteningtoisinteresting.学生们正在听的讲座很好玩。J即学即练5用适当的介词＋关系代词填空(1)Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergytowhichwemayreturninthenearfuture.(2)Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobsforwhichtheyarebeingtrained.(3)Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionofwhichhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.(4)Soonaftergettingoffhishorse，thecaptainappearedatthesecond-floorwindows，fromwherehecouldseenothingbuttrees.(5)Thenewtownishometonearly1,000people,manyofwhomlefttheirvillagesforabetterlifeinthecity.(6)Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction.5．定语从句中的主谓一样问题关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，便涉及主谓一样的问题。定语从句的谓语动词与其先行词在人称和数上要保持一样。因此，精确辨识先行词是解决这一问题的关键。D典例呈现Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerelatethismorning.汤姆是今日早上迟到的那些学生中的一个。Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaslatethismorning.在这些学生中汤姆是今日早上唯一迟到的人。J即学即练6单句语法填空(1)ThepublicationofGreatExpectations，whichwas(be)bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised，strengthenedDickens'statusasaleadingnovelist.(2)Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhichwere(be)savedforotherpurposes.(3)Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwhowears(wear)eveningdress.6．theway作先行词且在定语从句中作状语时，可以用that和inwhich引导或是省略D典例呈现Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbutthewaythat/inwhichhesaidit.使我惊讶的不是他说的什么而是他说话的方式。Ifeelmostangryaboutthewaythat/inwhichI'vebeentreated.我对他们对待我的方式感到生气。J即学即练7单句语法填空(1)Scienceandtechnologyhavemademajorchangestothewaythat/inwhich/不填welive.(2)Idon'tlikethewaythat/whichheoftenusestospeaktome.(3)Iwasimpressedbythewaythat/inwhich/不填shedidit.专项练习Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Davidhadabraindiseasewhich/thatpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren.2．(2024·全国甲卷)Itishardtonameacomedystarwho/thathasn'tbeenonthestagehere.3．(2024·全国乙卷)SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.4．(2024·全国甲卷)Everyweekendthisis“Wales”premiercomedyclubwherehavingagreattimeistheorderforbothaudiencesandcomedystarsalike.5．ShewasprobablythehardestworkingstudentthatIhaveevertaught.6．Georgiadiddecidetodonatealargebagoftoystoalittlegirlwhosemotherwasunabletopayforherholidayduetoillness.7．Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.8．Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimewhenheshouldbeabletobeindependent.9．Today,we'lldiscussanumberofcaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.10．Thereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.Ⅱ.用定语从句合并句子1．Themanlivesoppositeourhouse.Heisaminer.→Themanwho/thatlivesoppositeourhouseisaminer.2．Hewillvisitthefamousdamin2024.Itwasbuiltin1900.→Hewillvisitthefamousdamin2024which/thatwasbuiltin1900.3．Thestudentwillorganizethepartyofourschool.Wesawhimattheschoolgate.→Thestudent(who/whom/that)wesawattheschoolgatewillorganizethepartyofourschool.4．Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhasn'tbeenhandedin.→Iwanttotalktotheboyswhosehomeworkhasn'tbeenhandedin.5．Istillremembertheday.OnthedayIfirstcametoBeijing.→IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.6．Thechemistoftendoesexperimentsinthelab.Thelabisnotfarfromhere.→Thelabwherethechemistoftendoesexperimentsisnotfarfromhere.7．Hegrewupinthesmalltown.Aftergraduation,hereturnedtothesmalltown.→Aftergraduation,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewup.8．You'refocusedonthereason.You'redoingitinthefirstplaceforthereason.→You'refocusedonthereasonwhyyou'