11选择性必修四Unit2语法语法过去分词复习（原卷版）

11选择性必修四Unit2语法：语法精讲精练过去分词复习一、过去分词概述过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性，有完成或被动含义，可带状语构成过去分词短语。在句法功能上，过去分词(短语)与形容词或副词作用类似，在句子中可充当定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语等成分。I.过去分词的构成和意义1.过去分词的构成过去分词通常由“动词原形＋ed”构成。部分动词的过去分词有特殊形式变化。注意：过去分词无时态和语态的变化。2.过去分词的意义及物动词的过去分词既表示被动，又表示完成；不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成，不表示被动。Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。(表示被动和完成)Sheissweepingupthefallenleavesontheground.她正在扫地上的落叶。(只表示完成)II.过去分词的句法功能1.过去分词(短语)作定语及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成。(1)表示被动和完成apollutedriver一条被污染的河流thewateredflowers浇过水的花(2)只表示完成，不表示被动fallenleaves落叶therisensun升起的太阳【名师点津】过去分词作定语单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。Awatchedpotneverboils.[谚语]心急锅不开。Thestudentdressedinwhiteismydaughter.＝Thestudentwhoisdressedinwhiteismydaughter.穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。【即学即练1】单句语法填空①Someofthepeople__________(invite)tothepartycan’te.②Thetrees__________(blow)downinthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.③Thepolicewillesoontotakeawaythe__________(damage)car.2.过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动或完成的动作，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。(1)作时间状语过去分词作时间状语时，相当于一个由when,while,after,once等引导的时间状语从句。Oncepublished(＝Onceitispublished),thedictionarywillbeverypopular.一旦出版，这部词典将大受欢迎。(2)作原因状语过去分词作原因状语时，相当于一个由as,since,because等引导的原因状语从句。Absorbedinpainting(＝Becausehewasabsorbedinpainting),Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。(3)作条件状语过去分词作条件状语时，相当于一个由if,unless等引导的条件状语从句。Givenanotherhour(＝IfIamgivenanotherhour),Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题算出来。(4)作让步状语过去分词作让步状语时，相当于一个由though,although,evenif/though等引导的让步状语从句。Beatenbytheoppositeteam(＝Thoughwewerebeatenbytheoppositeteam),wedidn’tloseheartandencouragedeachother.虽然被对方的队打败了，但我们并没有灰心，而是相互鼓励。(5)作方式或伴随状语过去分词作方式或伴随状语时，可以转换成一个并列句。Theoldmangotonthebus,supportedbyagirl(＝andhewassupportedbyagirl).在一个女孩的搀扶下，老人上了公共汽车。【名师点津】过去分词作状语的注意事项(1)过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when,though,although,asif,asthough,if,unless,until,once等，表示时间、让步、条件、方式等。If(Iam)invited,Iwillattendtheweddingofmyfriend.如果受到邀请，我会参加我朋友的婚礼。(2)过去分词(短语)作状语时，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要一致。Caught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.(caught的逻辑主语为thethief)小偷如果被抓，就会受到警方的处罚。(3)有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示人的状态。常见的有satisfied,surprised,interested,moved,worried,disappointed,pleased等。Disappointedattheexaminationresults,thegirlstoodtherewithoutsayingaword.因为对考试结果很失望，小女孩站在那里一句话也没说。【即学即练2】单句语法填空①__________(leave)tohimself,thebabybegantocry.②Sheacceptedthegift,deeply__________(move).③Wewenttothecinema,__________(fill)withexcitement.④Once__________(pour),watercannotbetakenback.3.过去分词(短语)作表语位于系动词，如be,get,bee,look,feel,seem等之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。Shelooksdisappointed.她看上去很失望。Wewereencouragedbythenews.听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。【名师点津】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。Thecupisbroken.杯子破了。(系表结构)ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.杯子是被汤姆打破的。(被动语态)【即学即练3】单句语法填空①Iwastoo__________(tire)towalkanyfurther.②Whenheheardthemovingstory,hewasdeeply__________(move).③Tomwasmore__________(surprise)than__________(disappoint)atthisnews.④BothheandIare__________(satisfy)withtheresult.4.过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语(1)过去分词作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.他看着电视机被搬出了房间。Lastyeartheyhadthehouserebuilt.去年他们让人重建了房子。(2)几类能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词(短语)①表示感觉或心理状态的动词(短语)，如see,watch,observe,find,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等。IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我听到有人用英语唱这首歌。②表示“致，使”意义的动词，如have,make,get,keep,leave等。TheymanagedtomakethemselvesunderstoodbyusingverysimpleEnglish.他们用了很简单的英语以使别人能听懂。Don’tleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完。【名师点津】“have＋宾语＋过去分词”的三种含义①表示“让某人做某事”I’llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要去理发。②表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”Hehadhiswalletstolen.他的钱包被偷了。③做某事(主语可能参与其中)Ihadmyhouserepairedlastweek.上周，我修补了房子。(3)表示“希望，要求”等意义的动词，如like,want,wish,order等。Theteacherdoesn’twishsuchquestions(tobe)discussedinclass.老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。Thepolice,findingthefilmunhealthy,ordereditbanned.警察认为这部电影不健康，令其禁演。【即学即练4】单句语法填空①You’dbetterhaveyourshoes__________(mend).②Thefatherwantshisdaughter__________(teach)thepiano.③Isawanoldman__________(knock)downbyacar.④I’dlikethejob__________(do)whenIebackfromthejourney.二、单句语法填空：1.__________(give)moretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.2.Thepresidentofthepanycametothefactory,__________(follow)bysomeworkers.3.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes__________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.4.Mostcollegesnowofferfirst­yearstudentsacoursespecially__________(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.5.EarthDay,__________(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.6.Ordinarysoap,__________(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.7.Largeramountsofcaffeinecancauseaproblem__________(call)caffeinism.Yougetverynervousandyoucan’tsleep.8.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel__________(challenge).9.IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph__________(take).10.Thegirl,__________(bring)upbyheruncle,hasbeguntoworknow.11.__________(see)fromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksmorebeautiful.12.Deeply__________(move)bythefilm,thechildrenbegantocry.13.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain__________(seat)astheplanewasmakingalanding.14.Thelady__________(dress)inreddeliveredaspeechtousjustnow.15.Iwasdeeply__________(convince)thathewouldacplishhisaimintime.16.Thepolicearelookingfortheman__________(associate)withtheterribleaccident.17.Hewas__________(lose)indeepthoughtwhenIpassedbyhim.18.Thedoorremained__________(lock)thismorningwhenIarrivedhome.19.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying__________(connect).20.Thecargot__________(stick)inthemud,butthefarmermadenoefforttogetitout.21.“Don’ttravelduringtheholidays”isonegoldenrule__________(follow)bysomefriendsforyears,especiallyduringtheSpringFestivalasthetrafficisheavy.22.Ifelthopelessandalone,andmore__________(depress)thanIknow.23.WhatdoyouknowmadeSusansoupset?__________(charge)withgivingawaystatesecrets.24.I’mcallingtoinquireabouttheposition__________(advertise)inyesterday’sChinaDaily.25.Agreatnumberofstudents__________(question)saidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.26.Theplayers__________(select)fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.27.Thechildrenwereall__________(inspire)aftertheyheardthe(inspire)newsthattheywouldbesenttoAustraliaasinternationalexchangestudents.28.Ifyouarenotsatisfiedwiththeprice__________(offer),wecanstilldiscussit.29.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000includingallexpenses__________(pay)forthevacationtoChina.30.Soldierscametorescuethose__________(bury)undertheruins,andthegovernmentprovidedfood,clothesandsheltersforthehomeless.31.EarthDay,__________(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.32.Jimhasretired,buthestillrememberthehappytime__________(spend)withhisstudents.33.Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel__________(challenge).34.Themomentsheenteredtheroom,thegirlcaughtsightofthegift__________(buy)byherfather.35.Mostofthepeople__________(invite)tothepartywerefamousscientistsfromallovertheworld.36.AmieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanursed__________(appoint)toguardher.37.Theproduceresregularlytocollectthecameras__________(return)toourshopforqualityproblems.38.Therearestillmanyproblems(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.39.Thefactory__________(build)atpresentwillproducemanyadvancedputers.40.Thefactory__________(build)lastsummerhasemployedmanylocalstoworkinit.41.Itissaidthatlisteningtomusicmakesapersonfeel__________(relax)whenheistired.42.Yousoundvery__________(interest)inthejob,whichmakesmeexcited.43.Becausewehadnoteatenicecreamforalongtime,wegotvery__________(excite).44.Though__________(beat)bytheotherteam,theplayersdidn’tloseheart.45.Thewomanlikedthewatersomuchthatshehadit__________(deliver)toherhome.46.Themanwas__________(absorb)inhisworkanddidn’tnoticemepassingbyhim.47.His__________(confuse)facesuggestedthathedidn’tmakesenseoftheproblem.48.Her__________(satisfy)smileshowedthathersondidwellinthefinalexam.49.Pleasekeepaneyeonthe__________(fall)stoneontheroadwhiledriving.50.Withhergift__________(buy),shewentoutoftheshopwithherbestfriend.三、高考真题回顾：1.(2023·全国I卷)Shanghaimaybethe__________(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghao’sbirthplace.2.(2023·全国甲卷)Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage__________(intend)foreveryone.3.(2023·全国乙卷)FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully__________(build)systemofringroads.4.(2022·全国甲卷)InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation__________(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.5.(2022·全国乙卷)“......Itcanhelptobuildamunitywitha__________(share)futureformankind,”hesaid.6.(2021·全国I卷)Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus__________(astonish).7.(2021·全国乙卷)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobee__________(educate)abouttheareas......8.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel___________(challenge).9.(全国Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid－1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter__________(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.10.(全国Ⅰ)Astudyoftravelers__________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.四、语篇语法填空：(1)Harbin,thecapitalcityofHeilongjiangprovince,welednearly3.05millionvisitors,1(gain)5.91billionyuanoftourismineduringthethreedayNewYearholiday.Thetrendwasthenenlargedonsocialmediawhereinfluencers(网红)highlightedthatmany“southerners”,who2(refer)toas“littlepotatoesfromthesouth”,floodedintothecity’sskiresortsandbathhouses.Thephraseisassociatedwiththe3(remarkable)distinctivelightcoloredjacketsandlovelyhatsthattouristsfromsouthernChinatypicallywearwhentravelingtothenorth,aswellastheirrelatively4(short)figureparedwithlocal’s.Though5(criticize)onlineforbeingstereotypes,localsclarifiedthatitreflectedagenuinesenseofgoodwillandfriendship.Apart6theiconicHarbinIceandSnowFestival,touristspotsintroducedvarietiesofnewattractions,suchashotballoonridesandbonfireparties.OnCentralStreet,7struckthetouristsmostwastheorganizedparadesfeaturingtheOroqen(鄂伦春族),8ethnicminorityfromtheregion.Tofacilitatethe9(consume)ofHarbin’spopularfrozenpears,thecityhasevenintroducedfrozenpearplatters(摆盘),makingitmoreconvenientfortouriststotastethedelicacy.“YoucangettheinparablesnowexperienceandserviceinHarbin,10thetemperaturescandropto35℃,”atouristsaid.(2)ChinesediseaseexpertZhongNanshanhasextended1invitationtoZhangGuimei,64,thefounderandprincipalofthe2(one)freehighschoolforgirlsinChina,toreceivemedicaltreatmentforherseriousillnessesinGuangzhou.Zhang,3isalsoarecipient(获得者)oftheJuly1Medal—themunistPartyofChina’shighesthonour—establishedHuapingGirlsHighSchoolinLijiang,YunnanProvince,offeringfreeeducationtogirlsfromless­developedareas.She4(help)nearly2,000girlsattendcollegeovertheyears,thoughsheherselfsuffers5respiratoryillness.ZhongWeide,thesonofrespiratoryexpertZhong,extendedtheinvitationonbehalfofhiswell­knownfatheratthepremiereofadancedramainGuangzhou,earlierthismonth.Theshow6(base)onZhang’sstory.“Fromthisperformance,Igettoknowmoreaboutthisrolemodel.Whatimpressesmemost7(be)thefearlessperseveranceandenduringloveofMsZhangGuimei,whohasbroughthopeto8(child)inthemountainousregionofYunnan,”ZhongWeidesaid.“I9(sincere)inviteMsZhangGuimeitoreceivetreatmentinGuangzhou.Wewouldliketodooursmallpartforthehealthofthisrolemodel,10(use)advancedrespiratorytreatmenttechnologies.”(3)FollowingthebarbecueinducedtravelcrazetothecityofZiboinEastChina,Chinesesocialmediahasonceagainhighlightedthenextinternetfamouscityworthyof1(explore).Thistimeit’sTianshui,alowkeycityinChina’sGansuprovincethat2(take)thespotlightrecently.Ithasattractedconsiderableattention3foodenthusiastsandsocialmediainfluencersonline,4(celebrate)thecity’siconicdishofhotpot.KnownasTianshuiMalatang,which5(literal)meansspicyandhot,thelocaldishispopularforitslargeportionofskeweredmeat,vegetables,6handmadepotatonoodlesinapotofboilingbroth(肉汤).Twofoodbloggers,withover3millionfollowersintheiraccountonthepopularChineseWeibo,7(be)amongtheinfluencerspraisingthedeliciousnessofTianshuiMalatang.Theirvlogsshoweagerfoodenthusiastslininguponthestreets,manyof8traveledfromcitiesfaraway.DongLiangyan,29,fromDaqinginHeilongjiangprovince,9(locate)morethan2,000kmawayfromTianshui,toldXinhuathatshewasabsolutelydelighted10(enjoy)thelocaldelicacy.(4)TheEiffelToweristhemostfamouslandmarkinFrance,andoneofthemost1(visit)monuments(纪念碑)intheworld,butitwasn’talwayssopopular.Infact,in1886,justafteritsconstructionwasfirstproposed,manywerestrongly2it.Atthattime,itwouldhavebeenthetallestbuildingintheworld,andmany3(claim)itwoulddestroytheskylineofParisorperhapsevendestroysomehistoriclandmarks.4chiefengineer,GustaveEiffelreplied,5(say)thatsuchalargemonumentwasnecessarytosymbolizethegreateffortsoftheFrenchpeopleaswellasthegreatadvancementsinmodernengineering,industry,andscience.Thenextyear,Eiffelgainedapproval(批准)andthetowerwasbuiltintime6(celebrate)the1889WorldFairinParis.Ifyouloo