高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语(新高考)专题1 NO.2　文体深探究•明晰文体读文快

高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2024专题一阅读理解NO.2文体深探究•明晰文体读文快文体1应用文文体2记叙文目录索引0102文体3说明文03文体4议论文04文体1应用文2023全国乙卷,A篇

主题语境:人与社会——社会服务

PRACTITIONERSJacqueline

Felice

de

Almania(c.1322)highlightsthesuspicionthatwomenpracticingmedicinefaced.BorntoaJewishfamilyinFlorence,shemovedtoPariswheresheworkedasaphysicianandperformedsurgery.In1322shewastriedforpracticingunlawfully.Inspiteofthecourthearingtestimonials(证明)ofherabilityasadoctor,shewasbannedfrommedicine.Tan

Yunxian(1461—1554)wasaChinesephysicianwholearnedherskillsfromhergrandparents.Chinesewomenatthetimecouldnotserveapprenticeships(学徒期)withdoctors.However,Tanpassedtheofficialexam.Tantreatedwomenfromallwalksoflife.In1511,Tanwroteabook,Sayings

of

a

Female

Doctor,describingherlifeasaphysician.James

Barry(c.1789—1865)wasbornMargaretBulkleyinIrelandbut,dressedasaman,shewasacceptedbyEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813,andthenjoinedtheBritishArmy,servingoverseas.Barryretiredin1859,havingpracticedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman.Rebecca

Lee

Crumpler(1831—1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollegeinBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.ShemovedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.21.WhatdidJacquelineandJameshaveincommon?A.Doingteachingjobs.B.Beinghiredasphysicians.C.Performingsurgery.D.Beingbannedfrommedicine.22.HowwasTanYunxiandifferentfromtheotherpractitioners?A.Shewroteabook.B.Shewentthroughtrials.C.Sheworkedasadentist.D.Shehadformaleducation.23.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?A.JacquelineFelicedeAlmania.B.TanYunxian.C.JamesBarry.D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.

▶语篇图解

▶思路点拨21.通过文章第一部分中的“Born

to

a

Jewish

family

in

Florence,she

moved

to

Paris

where

she

worked

as

a

physician

and

performed

surgery.”以及第三部分中的“She

qualified

as

a

surgeon

in

1813”和“Barry

retired

in

1859,having

practiced

her

entire

medical

profession

living

and

working

as

a

man.”可知,Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。选

项。

22.通读全文,再根据文章第二部分中的“Tan

wrote

a

book,Sayings

of

a

Female

Doctor,describing

her

life

as

a

physician”可推知,Tan与其他从业人员的不同之处在于她写了一本书。故

项正确。

23.通过文章第四部分中的“Four

years

later,she

was

the

first

African

American

woman

to

receive

a

medical

degree.”可知,Rebecca

Lee

Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国人。故

项正确。

CAD▶考情分析每套试卷的A篇都是应用文。应用文的类型通常有广告、海报、通知、旅游信息等。主要考查细节理解,偶尔考查推理判断与词句猜测。▶文体特点1.语言特点:语言简洁,句式相对简单。2.结构特点:①平行段落:几条或者几类信息不同的段落以相同的顺序呈现,如时间、地点、过程、联系方式等;②次级标题:通过小标题把文章分成几个部分,每一部分有一个或几个段落围绕小标题进行阐述。本文属于这类结构;③表格:利用列表的方式把不同的信息或者主题分割开,每一列或者每一行说明一个主题或者事件,直观明了。▶读文策略①先题后文法。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文,宜采用“先题后文法”来处理,即先看问题,后看文章内容。这样在阅读中可以有重点地、有针对性地去读。在阅读时要特别留意文中以黑体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的部分。②题干定向法。若题干的问题与原文中的相应句段基本相同,则可直接对号入座;若题干的问题与原文中的相应句段有较大出入,则要进行一定的“处理”。这个“处理”是多方面的,它可能包括对原文进行同义变换、对概念进行解析、对事实进行归纳、将具体问题抽象化或将抽象问题具体化、将文中提到的原则或规则进行实际运用等。课堂应用A(2023全国甲卷,A)Where

to

Eat

in

BangkokBangkokisahighlydesirabledestinationforfoodlovers.Ithasaseeminglybottomlesswellofdiningoptions.HerearesomesuggestionsonwheretostartyourBangkokeatingadventure.NahmOfferingThaifinedining,NahmprovidesthebestofBangkokculinary(烹饪的)experiences.It’stheonlyThairestaurantthatranksamongthetop10oftheworld’s50bestrestaurantslist.HeadChefDavidThompson,whoreceivedaMichelinstarforhisLondon-basedThairestaurantofthesamename,openedthisbranchintheMetropolitanHotelin2010.Issaya

Siamese

ClubIssayaSiameseClubisinternationallyknownThaiChefIanKittichai’sfirstflagshipBangkokrestaurant.ThemenuinthisbeautifulcolonialhouseincludestraditionalThaicuisinecombinedwithmoderncookingmethods.Bo.lanBo.lanhasbeenmakingwavesinBangkok’sculinaryscenesinceitopenedin2009.Servinghard-to-findThaidishesinanelegantatmosphere,therestaurantistruetoThaicuisine’sroots,yetstillmanagestoaddaspecialtwist.Thisplaceisgoodforacandle-litdinneroraworkmeetingwithcolleagueswhoappreciatefinefood.Forthoseextremelyhungry,there’salargesetmenu.GagganEarningfirstplaceonthelatest“Asia’s50bestrestaurants”list,

progressiveIndianrestaurantGagganisoneofthemostexcitingvenues(场所)toarriveinBangkokinrecentyears.Thebesttableinthistwo-storycolonialThaihomeoffersawindowrightintothekitchen,whereyoucanseechefGagganandhisstaffinaction.Culinarytheateratitsbest.[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。曼谷是“吃货”游客理想的旅游胜地。作者为读者介绍了几家曼谷的餐馆。1.WhatdoNahmandIssayaSiameseClubhaveincommon?A.Theyadoptmoderncookingmethods.B.TheyhavebranchesinLondon.C.Theyhavetop-classchefs.D.Theyarebasedinhotels.√解析

推理判断题。根据Nahm部分第三句“Head

Chef

David

Thompson,

who

received

a

Michelin

star

for

his

London-based

Thai

restaurant

of

the

same

name,

opened

this

branch

in

the

Metropolitan

Hotel

in

2010.”以及Issaya

Siamese

Club部分第一句“Issaya

Siamese

Club

is

internationally

known

Thai

Chef

Ian

Kittichai’s

first

flagship

Bankok

restaurant.”可知,它们的共同之处是二者都具有顶级厨师。2.Whichrestaurantoffersalargesetmenu?A.Gaggan.B.Bo.lan.C.IssayaSiameseClub.D.Nahm.√解析

细节理解题。根据Bo.lan部分最后一句“For

those

extremely

hungry,there’s

a

large

set

menu.”可知答案为B项。3.WhatisspecialaboutGaggan?A.IthiresstafffromIndia.B.Itputsonaplayeveryday.C.Itserveshard-to-findlocaldishes.D.Itshowsthecookingprocesstoguests.√解析

推理判断题。根据短文最后一部分Gaggan中的第二句“The

best

table

in

this

two-story

colonial

Thai

home

offers

a

window

right

into

the

kitchen,

where

you

can

see

chef

Gaggan

and

his

staff

in

action.”可推断,Gaggan的特别之处在于顾客可以直接看到厨房里面厨师烹饪的过程。故选D项。B(2023浙江1月卷,A)Explorers

Camp•Fulldaycampforkidsaged5-13.•Monday-Friday,July8-26,9am-4pm.Week1|July8-12Week2|July15-19Week3|July22-26•Registerforasingleweekormultipleweeks.•Fees:$365perweek.•Thelastdaytocancelregistrationandreceiveafullrefund(退款)isJune15.Camp

StructureThedayisdividedintotwothematicsessionsperagegroup.Campershaveathree-hourmorningclassengagingwithamorningtheme(9amto12noon)andaone-hourlunchbreak,followedbyanotherthree-hourclassengagingwithanafternoontheme(1pmto4pm).Snackperiodsareheldthroughouttheday.Allcampersshouldbringtheirownbaggedlunchandsnacks.Camp

ContentExplorersCamporganizesengagingarts,historyandscience-relatedactivitiesineveryclass,andfocusesonarangeoftopicsthatemphasizeactivelearning,explorationand,mostofall,fun!Allcampsessionsarecreatedwithage-appropriateactivitiesthataretailoredtothemultiplewaysthatkidslearn.Camp

StaffCampersenjoyastaff-to-childratiorangingfrom1:4to1:7dependingontheagegroup.Instructorsarepassionateeducatorswhoareexpertsintheirfieldsandhaveundergonetrainingandabackgroundcheck.[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了探险家营地的相关信息。4.Onwhichofthefollowingdatescanyoucancelyourregistrationwithafullrefund?A.June12.

B.June22.C.July19. D.July26.√解析

细节理解题。根据“•The

last

day

to

cancel

registration

and

receive

a

full

refund

(退款)

is

June

15.”可知,你可以在6月12日取消注册并全额退款。5.Howarecampersdividedintodifferentgroups?A.Bygender.B.Bynationality.C.Byinterest.D.Byage.√解析

细节理解题。根据Camp

Structure部分中的“The

day

is

divided

into

two

thematic

sessions

per

age

group.”可知,露营者按年龄划分成不同的小组。6.Howmanyhoursofclasswillyouhavealtogetherifyouregisterforasingleweek?A.15. B.21.C.30. D.42.√解析

细节理解题。根据“•Monday-Friday,July

8-26,9

am-4

pm.”可知,每周安排5天的活动。根据Camp

Structure部分中的“Campers

have

a

three-hour

morning

class

engaging

with

a

morning

theme

(9

am

to

12

noon)

and

a

one-hour

lunch

break,followed

by

another

three-hour

class

engaging

with

an

afternoon

theme

(1

pm

to

4

pm).”可知,全天有6个小时的课程。5*6=30。由此可知,如果你注册一周,你总共有30小时的课程。文体2记叙文2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷,B篇

主题语境:人与自我——学习与生活

Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkformiddleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,

environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.Jaramillo’sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfoodrestaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.

“Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoftdrinks,”shesays.“Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,

insectsareawful.”Thoughsomeareinitiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.UrbanSprouts’classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,

includehands-onexperimentssuchassoiltesting,flower-and-seeddissection,

tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,

studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.“Wehavestudentswhosaytheywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey’reeatingdifferently,”Jaramillosays.Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”24.WhatdoweknowaboutAbbyJaramillo?A.Sheusedtobeahealthworker.B.Shegrewupinalow-incomefamily.C.Sheownsafastfoodrestaurant.D.SheisaninitiatorofUrbanSprouts.25.WhatwasaproblemfacingJaramilloatthestartoftheprogram?A.Thekids’parentsdistrustedher.B.Studentshadlittletimeforherclasses.C.Somekidsdislikedgardenwork.D.Therewasnospaceforschoolgardens.26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?A.Far-reaching.B.Predictable.C.Short-lived.D.Unidentifiable.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RescuingSchoolGardensB.ExperiencingCountryLifeC.GrowingVegetableLoversD.ChangingLocalLandscape

▶语篇图解

▶思路点拨24.根据第一段的“And

at

first

it

is,says

Abby

Jaramillo,who

with

another

teacher

started

Urban

Sprouts,a

school

garden

program

at

four

low-income

schools.”可知,艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban

Sprouts的发起者。选

项。

25.根据第二段的“‘They

come

to

us

thinking

vegetables

are

awful,dirt

is

awful,insects

are

awful.’Though

some

are

initially

scared

of

the

insects

and

turned

off

by

the

dirt,most

are

eager

to

try

something

new.”可知,项目之初,一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故

项正确。

DC26.根据最后一段“She

adds

that

...

feel

successful.”可知,这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物,而且许多学生开始回家建造了自己的菜园,对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用,从而推知,该项目的影响是深远的。故

项正确。

27.全文主要介绍了Jaramillo发起和实施的“都市新芽”项目。该项目运行于四所低收入区学校,旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环境意识和健康生活方式。最终效果显著,孩子们吃菜更多,且爱上了种菜,把种子带回去在家里开垦菜园。由此可以确定,

项(培养蔬菜爱好者)是最佳题目。

AC▶考情分析每套试卷中均有一篇记叙文类阅读理解。记叙文类阅读理解以细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题和标题归纳题为主。▶文体特点1.语言特点:①记叙文以描写、叙述为主。②一般以过去时为主,各种时态为辅,使用丰富多彩的谓语动词;多用动词,特别是动态强的行为动词。③新颖、生动、真实、典型的素材描写。2.结构特点:多按照时间先后顺序进行叙述,偶尔也有倒叙或插叙的情况。记叙文中有时会在叙述的基础上,辅以适当的议论,以表明作者的观点态度和目的,结构上采用“以叙为主,兼顾议论”或“先叙后议”或“夹叙夹议”。▶读文策略

策略指导技法解读关注开头和结尾把握事情的动向,尾段经常是主题的升华所在。关注情感主线分析事情的发展脉络,弄清人物关系,透析文章的情感主线。弄清六要素何人、何时、何地,因何原因做了何事,结果如何,有何启示或感想。弄清写作目的证明一个观点;赞美某种美德;谴责某种罪恶;提供娱乐。课堂应用A(2022全国甲卷,C)AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鹅)longingtosayhello.Thesegentle,lovelygatekeeperswelcomedherandkick-startedwhatwastobeatripGinniwouldneverforget.Eversinceherchildhood,Ginni,now71,hashadadeeplovefortravel.

Throughouthercareer(职业)asaprofessionaldancer,shetouredintheUK,butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.Whensheretiredfromdancingandhersonseventuallyflewthenest,shedecideditwastimetotaketheplunge.

AftertakingadegreeatChichesterUniversityinRelatedArts,Ginnibegantotraveltheworld,eventuallygettingworkteachingEnglishinJapanandChile.AnditwasinChileshediscoveredshecouldgetlast-minutecheapdealsonshipsgoingtoAntarcticafromtheislandsoffTierradelFuego,thesouthernmosttipoftheSouthAmericanmainland.“IjustdecidedIwantedtogo,”shesays.“IhadnoideaaboutwhatI’dfindthereandIwasn’tnervous,Ijustwantedtodoit.AndIwantedtodoitaloneasIalwayspreferitthatway.”InMarch2008,Ginniboardedashipwith48passengersshe’dnevermetbefore,tobeginthejourneytowardsAntarctica.“Fromseeingthewildlifetowitnessingsunrises,thewholeexperiencewasamazing.Antarcticaleftanimpressiononmethatnootherplacehas,”Ginnisays.“IrememberthefirsttimeIsawahumpbackwhale;itjustroseoutofthewaterlikesomeprehistoriccreatureandIthoughtitwassmilingatus.Youcouldstillheartheoperaticsoundsitwasmakingunderwater.”Therealizationthatthisisapreciousland,toberespectedbyhumans,wasoneofthebiggestthingsthathithometoGinni.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Ginni从小就热爱旅游,后来通过机缘巧合去了南极洲旅行,并留下了深刻的印象的故事。1.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Trychallengingthings.B.Takeadegree.C.Bringbacklostmemories.D.Sticktoapromise.√解析

词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“has

had

a

deep

love

for

travel”以及“her

sons

eventually

flew

the

nest”可知,Ginni从小就热爱旅行并且儿子们都自立门户了,自己可以去尝试有挑战的事情了。故选A项。2.WhatmadeGinnidecideonthetriptoAntarctica?A.Lovelypenguins.B.Beautifulscenery.C.Adiscountfare.D.Afriend’sinvitation.√解析

推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“And

it

was

in

Chile

she

discovered

she

could

get

last-minute

cheap

deals

on

ships

going

to

Antarctica...”以及第三句中的“I

just

decided

I

wanted

to

go”可知,在智利她买到了去往南极洲的廉价船票,然后她决定去南极。C项意为“打折票”,符合题意。故选C项。3.WhatdoesGinnithinkaboutAntarcticaafterthejourney?A.Itcouldbeahomeforher.B.Itshouldbeeasilyaccessible.C.Itshouldbewellpreserved.D.Itneedstobefullyintroduced.√解析

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The

realization

that

this

is

a

precious

land,to

be

respected

by

humans...”可知,它应该被很好地保护。注意

“hit

home

to

sb”

意为“切中要害,使人接受”,不指“家”的概念。

故选C项。4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Achildhooddream.B.Anunforgettableexperience.C.Sailingaroundtheworld.D.MeetinganimalsinAntarctica.√解析

主旨大意题。文章从第一段就提到Ginni去了南极洲,第二段讲述了她去旅行的前提条件,第三段讲述机缘巧合她决定去南极洲旅行,最后两段主要说明Ginni去南极洲旅游的印象和感受。旅行和南极洲贯穿了全文,且文章第一段最后一句提到了“Ginni永远不会忘记的一次旅途”可知,一次难忘的经历最合适。

故选B项。B(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,B)Byday,RobertTittertonisalawyer.InhissparetimethoughhegoesonstagebesidepianistMariaRaspopova—notasamusicianbutasherpageturner.“I’mnotatrainedmusician,butI’velearnttoreadmusicsoIcanhelpMariainherperformance.”MrTittertonischairmanoftheOmegaEnsemblebuthasbeenthegroup’sofficialpageturnerforthepastfouryears.Hisjobistositbesidethepianistandturnthepagesofthescoresothemusiciandoesn’thavetobreaktheflowofsoundbydoingitthemselves.Hesaidhebecamejustasnervousasthoseplayinginstrumentsonstage.“Alotofskillsareneededforthejob.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot.”MrTittertonexplained.Beingapageturnerrequiresplentyofpractice.Somepiecesofmusiccangofor40minutesandrequireupto50pageturns,includingbackturnsforrepeatpassages.Silentonstagecommunicationiskey,andeachpianisthastheirownstyleof“nodding”toindicateapageturnwhichtheyneedtopractisewiththeirpageturner.Butlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.“Iwasturningthepagetogetreadyforthenextpage,butthedraftwindfromtheturncausedthesparepagestofalloffthestand,”MrTittertonsaid,“LuckilyIwasabletocatchthemandputthemback.”Mostpageturnersarepianostudentsorup-and-comingconcertpianists,

althoughMsRaspopovahasonceaskedherhusbandtohelpheroutonstage.“Myhusbandistheworstpageturner,”shelaughed.“He’sinterestedinthemusic,feelingeverynote,andIhavetosay:‘Turn,turn!’RobertisthebestpageturnerI’vehadinmyentirelife.”[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。Robert

Titterton是一位律师,但他很喜欢音乐,业余时间他在舞台上为钢琴家Maria

Raspopova翻乐谱。翻乐谱这份工作看似简单,其实要求很高。5.WhatshouldTittertonbeabletodotobeapageturner?A.Readmusic.B.Playthepiano.C.Singsongs.D.Fixtheinstruments.√解析

细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“but

I’ve

learnt

to

read

music

so

I

can

help

Maria”可知,要想为钢琴家翻乐谱,必须能够识谱。故选A项。6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTitterton’sjobonstage?A.Boring.

B.Well-paid.C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.√解析

推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段内容可推断,在台上为钢琴家翻乐谱这项工作看似简单,实则不然,是一份要求高的工作。故选C项。7.WhatdoesTittertonneedtopractise?A.Countingthepages.B.Recognizingthe“nodding”.C.Catchingfallingobjects.D.Performinginhisownstyle.√解析

细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,舞台上的无声交流是很关键的,每位钢琴家都有属于自己风格的点头示意的方式,翻乐谱的人必须学会察言观色,才能与演奏者高度默契,而这需要双方经过大量的练习才能实现。故选B项。8.WhyisMsRaspopova’shusband“theworstpageturner”?A.Hehasverypooreyesight.B.Heignorestheaudience.C.Hehasnointerestinmusic.D.Heforgetstodohisjob.√解析

推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推断,Raspopova的丈夫其实很喜欢音乐,但是他在舞台上只顾欣赏每一个音符,忘记了自己的本职工作,所以妻子才不断提醒他,并称其“the

worst

page

turner”。故选D项。文体3说明文2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,C篇

主题语境:人与社会——生活

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.

Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.28.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clear-up.

B.Add-on.C.Check-in. D.Take-over.30.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?A.Theoreticalmodels. B.Statisticalmethods.C.Practicalexamples. D.Historicalanalyses.31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.▶语篇图解A

book

summary

of

Digital

Minimalism

by

Cal

Newport▶思路点拨28.根据第一段中的“The

goal

of

this

book

is

to

make

the

case

for

digital

minimalism...”可知,该书的目的是提倡一种简单的数字生活方式。故选

项。

29.根据画线词后的“This

process

requires

you

to

step

away

from

optional

online

activities

for

thirty

days.”可知,这个过程(即指the

digital

declutter)要求读者在30天内远离可选的网络活动,所以作者应是建议读者进行数字产品的清理。由此猜测,画线词declutter表示“清理”,与clear-up含义相近。故选

项。

BA30.根据第四段中的“You’ll

hear

these

participants’

stories

and

learn

what

strategies

worked

well

for

them,and

what

traps

they

encountered

that

you

should

avoid.”可知,在第一部分的最后一章中,作者提供了一些真实的案例。故选

项。

31.根据最后一段中的“You

can

view

these

practices

as

a

toolbox

meant

to

aid

your

efforts

to

build

a

minimalist

lifestyle

that

works

for

your

particular

circumstances.”可知,作者建议读者把书中这些做法看作是一个工具箱,以此帮助自己建立一种适合个人特殊情况的极简主义生活方式。由此可知,作者建议读者根据需要来使用书中第二部分所提供的做法。

故选

项。CA▶考情分析每套卷均有一至二篇说明文。说明文中考查主旨大意题、词句猜测题、写作意图题和观点态度题的频率较高。▶文体特点信息量大,难词较多,句式复杂,理解起来难度较大。▶读文策略

策略指导技法解读抓首尾段首段往往提出说明文的主题,尤其是研究类说明文,研究结果就是主题;尾段往往重申强调主题。梳理文章结构整体叙述+细节或过程说明+概括评述;现象+原因+后果/启示/措施;研究发现/调查结果+研究/调查过程。破解长难句结合语境和所学语法知识破解结构复杂的长难句。课堂应用A(2022全国乙卷,D)TheGovernment’ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity(肥胖).Itisbelievedthattoday’schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers’effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(设施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。英国从2016年开始对软饮料制造商征收“糖税”,这个做法是为了确保儿童的身体健康。事实证明,截至目前,该政策已经卓有成效。1.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren’shealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.√解析

细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,向制造商征收“糖税”的目的是帮助减少儿童肥胖问题,也就是为了保护儿童健康。故选C项。2.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproducts’sugarcontent.√解析

细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知,一些饮料制造商为了避免缴纳“糖税”,设法减少饮料的含糖量。故选D项。3.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.√解析

细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知,A、B、C三项都是免税的,只有经典可乐接受了要缴纳“糖税”这件事。故选D项。4.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.√解析

推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,推行“糖税”迫使一些软饮料制造商减少了产品中糖的含量,而缴纳的税费被用于增加学校的体育设施和为学生提供更加健康的饮食。由此推断,这种做法非常成功。故选B项。B(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷,B)Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,“foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,”asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth’scoverstory.It’sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”Ifthat’shardtounderstand,let’skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it’smorelike12boxesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymea