高中英语高考语法不定式讲与练

高中英语高考语法不定式讲与练6)Itisbadmannerstomakefunofthedisabled.

7)Ithasbeendecidedtobringupthematteratthenextmeetinq.

时态主动式被动式8)Itmadeusveryangrytohearhimtalklikethat.

一般式todotobedone・在下列两个句型中it是形式主语，不定式是真正主语；ofsb和forsb是不定式的逻辑主语：

完成式tohavedonetohavebeendoneA.Itis/was+形容词(ofsb)todosth.

进行式tobedoing—【赞扬，责备的形容词通常用ofsb作逻辑主语：wrong,right,kind,nice,brave,careful,careless,

完成进行式tohavebeendoing—greedy,honest,lazy,modest,selfish,thoughtful,impolite,polite,clever;foolish,silly,stupid,

・不定式的否定形式在to前加上not或者never。cruel,rude,generous,considerate...］

B.Itis/was+形容词(forsb)todosth.

l)Tellthedrivernottoshoutatthepoliceman.

【以下形容词通常用forsb作逻辑主语：easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,impossible,

2)Lastmonththeteachertoldusnevertncheatintheexams.

possible,safe,dangerous,unusual,wonderful...o多数情况都用forsb作逻辑主语。］

3)1expectthiskindofmistakenottobemadeagain.

l)Itispolite(ofyou)torespecttheold.

4)You'reluckynottohavebeencaughtbytheenemy.

2)Itisimportant(forus)todoastheRomansdo.

★A.不定式作主语：动词用单数

3)Ifsimportantforthefigurestobeupdatedregularly.

l)Todomorningexercisesisusefulforourhealth.

2)Toignorehisadvicewillbeamistake.Itisgoodofsbtodosth:某人做什么太好心了。

3)Tocompletethedamin11yearswasagreatachievement.Itisgoodforsbtodosth:做什么对某人有好处。

【表示具体的某次动作，特别是将来发生的动作，多用不定式作主语。】Thafs/Ifsverykind/niceofyou.非常谢谢你

【表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性习惯性的动作时，多用doing作主语。］Ifskind/niceofyoutodo...:谢谢你做…

l)ltisqoodofyoutotakemydaughterbackhome.

4)T。imdtehertotomorrow'spartyisnecessary.

2)ltisgoodforyoutogotobedearlyandgetupearly.

5)Tofinishthetaskwilltakealongtime.

★B.不定式作宾语：

6)lnvitingsomebodytoadinnerpartyisreallytroublesome.

like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/affor

7)Drivingacarduringtherushhosnistiring.

d/

•以下句子的it是形式主语，不定式才是真正主语：

offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/a

l)Ifsimportanttolearnhowtousethecomputer.gree/

2)Itisgoodnottodependontheothers.choose/pretend/arrangetodo...:

3)Itisunwiseofyoutoturndowotheirproposal.l)Thebosspromisedtopayme2000USdollarsamonth.

4)Itisagreathonor(forus)tobeinvitedtoyourwedding.2)Wedecidetostudyharderthaneverbefore.

5)Itseemsapitytorefusehisoffer.3)Pleaseremembertobuysomemedicineforthepatientonyourwaybackhome.

•it作形式宾语代不定式：find/think/consider/feel/makeit+形/名+to不定式：★E.不定式作定语：

发现/认为/使得做…是…l)Ifthere'salotofworktodo,I'mhappytokeeponuntilitisfinished.

l)WefinditnecessarytomasterGermanandFrench.

2)Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.

2)1thinkitapityt。misssuchagoodchance.

3)Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnewtodealwithallbyourselveseveryday.

3)Wefeel/thinkitourdutytomakeourcountryabetterplace.

4)TodayIhavenothing/somethingtosayattheconference.

4)Newtechnologieshavemadeitpossibletoproducenewproductsfasterandata

5)1waswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatraintocatch.

lowercost.

6)We,rehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecisiont。bemadeatthmeetingwill

★C.不定式作宾语补足语：❷

ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/inviinfluencethefutureofourcompany.

te/・不定式作定语，修饰序数词等；

need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefersbtodo.l)ThefirstpersontoarriveatthescenewasTonyBlackfromthepolicestation.

l)Ms.HilltoldthestudentstocopyallthewordsandexpressionsinBonkSeven.2)Shewasthefirst/second/third/tenth(student)tocometoschooltoday.

2)MissJansonpersuadedtheboynottosmokeanymore.

3)Heisahardworkingstudent.Heisalwaysthefirsteandthelasttoleave.

•在feel,hear,listento,lookat,see,watch,notice,let,make,have等动词在主动语态时，后面作

4)一Thelastonepaysthemeal.

宾语补足语接的动词前不能加to；但以上动词如为被动语态，后面接的动词前要加tOo

-Agreed!

l)JustnowIsawamanrushoutofthebankcarryingabagofmoney.

A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving

2)Everymorningtheblindmanlistenstothebirdssinginthepark.

•以下不定式短语的介词不能省去，因为它们前面的名词是它的逻辑宾语：

3)Thebossoftenmakestheboyworklikeacow.

4)Justnowamanwasseentorushoutofthebankcarryingabagofmoney.1)1willfindachairtositon/in・

5)Pauldoesn'thavetobemadetolearn.Healwaysworkshard.2)Youshouldfindabrighthousetolivein.

6)TheteacherisoftenlistenedtotosingtheEnglishsongathome.3)Thepainterneedstofindsomewheretolive.

★D.不定式作表语：4)Doyouhaveapent。writealetterwith?

不定式作表语时，主语常是:duty,work,job,task,wish,hope,thing,goal,aim,

5)Youwillhavetobuyapieceofpapertowritethenoticeon.

problem,question,happiness,what,advice,idea”•等：

6)Atthedepartmentstoretherearealotofcamerastochoosefrom.

l)Herdutyistolookaftertheoldleaders.

7)Heisagoodpersontoworkwith.

2)Theirgoalistobecomeadevelopeddistrict.

♦以下两句主语是不定式短语的逻辑宾语：

3)Theproblemiswheretobuildthedam.

l)Thesoftbedisverycomfortabletosleepon.

•to不定式作表语解释前面do时,t。可省去：

2)1don'tthinkthechairisfirmenoughtostandon.

1)Yesterdayallwedidwas(to)cleanthekitchenandthetoilet.

♦注意下面3句的区别：

2)WhatIwouldliketodotodayis(to)haveagoodsleepathome.

1)1willattendthemeetingtobeheldnextTuesday.(表将来，被动)

3)Theonlythingyouneedtodonowis3。)fillin/up/outtheformimmediately.

2)1attendedthemeetingheldlastFriday.(表过去，完成被动)

4)A11shewantedtodowhenshegotthefirstprizeinthecontestwas(to)saythankstoher

3)1willattendthemeetingbeingheldatthehallnow.(表进行，被动)

teachersandparents.

★F.不定式作目的状语：

l)Tocompletetheprojectintime,theworkerswillhavetoworkdayandnight.onlydoingsth.表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果。

2)Tobeawinner,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.l)Shehurriedtothestation,0nlytobetoldthatthe9:45trainhadleft.

3)Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetosavetheir2)Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthe/ky.

valuabletime.3)Hisfatherdied,(only)leavinghim1000poimcls.

形/副+太...而不能做。不定式为结果状语。

4)Youmustsetoutatonceinordernot(soas)tobelateforschool.•a.too+todosth:

l)Theboyistooyoungtoattendschool.

5)Manypeoplehavetowearglassesto/inorderto/soast。seedistantobjectsclearly.

2)ThemanisrunningtooslowlytocatchUDwithhisworkmates.

=To/inordertoseedistantobjectsclearly,manypeoplehavetowearglasses.

•b.too+形/副+todosth:非常/很…做。

(soasto一般不放在句首)

这种用法too后的形容词常是：easy,anxious,eager,willing,glad,pleased,

•to不定式可作目的状语，doing也可作目的状语。区别是doing前常有一个逗号。

ready,satisfied等，并且too前常有not,only,but,all,just。

l)Themanhascometothetown,lookingforhislostwife.

l)Wearenottoosorrytoseethenewsoldiersleaveourhometowns.

2)Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention,tryingnot1。missanypoint.

2)1amonlytoopleasedtotakepartintheactivity.

・为了做…，某人尽所能；尽力做…

3)Theyknowbuttevwelltokee。itasecret.

dowhatsbcantdsth:

。。4)Mytailorsaretooreadytodosomesewingforthemiddleschoolstudents.

doall(that)sbcantodosth:

5)SuchanearthquakeisalltoolikelytohappenagaininJapan.

doeverything/anything(that)sbcantodosth:★H.不定式作原因状语：

l)Youmustdoeverythingthatyoucantosavethewoman'slife・1)1amveryhappytoseeyouacain.

2)Thefarmersoughttodowhattheycantogetinallthericebeforetheheavyrain.2)Youwillbedisappointedtofailinthecollegeentranceexamsnextyear.

3)Weshoulddoall(that)wecantohelpthepoorpeopletolivethroughthewinter.3)Shewassorrytohavekeptuswaitings。long.

★G.不定式作结果状语：4)Shewashappytohavebeenstayingwithheraunt.

so/such...asto...:（如此・・■以致・・・）5)HejumpedwithjoytoseetheniceChristmaspresents.

enough...to（足够）★l.以下形容词后常接不定式的主动形式：hard,difficult,easy,light,heavy,nice,

onlyto（结果）good,clear,dangerous,pleasant,interesting,fit,bitter,exciting,

neverto...;（结果再也没有）comfortable,convenient,amusing,impossible等后常接主动式不定式。如形容

词前有或形容词后有时，不定式用主动，被动均可。

too...to...:（太.■■而不能・・・）tooenough

l)Chongqingishard/difficult/easytofindonthismap.

l)Shewassosillyastogiveallhermoneytothecheat.

2)Thismachineisveryeasytooperate.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.

2)Theycameheresoearlyastoseethefamousfilmstars.

3)1likegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogoodtobreathe.

3)1amnotsuchafoolastobelievethatkindofthin。.

4)Inmanypeople'sopinion,thatcompanyispleasanttodealwith.

4)TheboyisoldenoughtojointheRoyalArmy.

5)Thisbuildingisdangerous/pleasant/comfortabletolivein.

5)Mymother'sunclewentabroadin1936,nevertocomebackhomeagain.

6)Themedicineisbittertodrink

<onlytodo/bedone：可译为：”结果...”这是一种预料之外的结果。常含有“惊讶,

7)Thatflyingbirdisimpossibletocatch.

失望，放心”之意。

8)Thefoodistoohottoeat/tobeeaten.作主语、宾语和表语。

9)Myschoolbagistooheavytocairy/tobecarried.1)Whentostarttheworkhasnotbeendecided.

2)Theproblemishowtocrossthewidedeepriver.

10)Herschoolbagislightenoughtocarry/tobecarried.

3)Wedon'tknowwheretobuildthepowerplant.

★J.to代替不定式：

★L.逐渐，终于：get/come/begin/growtoknow(see/realize/hate/believe/understand/love/like):

A.wouldlike/loveto,haveto,usedto,begoingto.

l)AsItoknowmoreinternationalfriends,Ilearnmoreaboutthiscultural“bodylanguage”.

B.beable/glad/pleased/happy/delighted/afraidto.

2)Intimeyouwillcometolikebiology.Itisusefulandinteresting.

C.like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/af3)Wearebegirniinctounderstandthetruthofthewar.

ford/★M.hadwishedtodo...=wishedtohavedone...:曾希望/本希望

offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine(表示过去未曾实现的希望/计划/想法等O)

/learn/[hoped/intended/planned/wanted/thought/supposed/expected/meant...tilnT以这么用。1

agree/choose/pretend/arrangeto.1)1hadhopedtotakeaholidaythisyearbutIwasn'tabletogetaway.

2)Hehadplannedtogotoseehisgrandmother,buthewassenttohospitalforhearttrouble.

D.ask/beg/require/request/tell/advise/allow/permit/cause/encourage/expect/wish/force/oblige/

3)Yesterdayweplannedtoeetotheexhibition.(结果不明)

invite/need/order/persuade/remind/teach/urge/want/get/like/hate/warn/help/prefersb.

3)Yesterdaywehadmeanttoattendyourwedding,butunfortunatelywehadfiveunexpected

to.

guests.(meanttohaveattended)

1)Mymotherispreparingmyfavoritedishes.Gowithmeandhaveataste,okay?

4)-----It'sreallyapitythatIdidn'tseeyouinShanghai.

-----I'dloveto.Andrilbegladtomeetyourparents.

----Itoseeyouinthehotel,butIwastoobusy.

2)Hasshewateredthetrees?A.hopeB.hadhopedC.hopedD.amhoping

——No,butsheisgoingto.★N.otherthan(除了)，but,except,besides”■等后动词的接法：

3)Doyouwanttogoabroadforyourvacationwithmyfamily?如它们前有行为动词do,does,did,done,那后面接动词原形，如没有do,does,did,

-----Iwillbegladt。,butIhavenomoneynow.done,那后面就接to不定式：

4)Dareyouwalkonthetopofthefence?l)Lastnighttheboydidnothingbutwatchavolleyballmatch.

----Iamafraidto.Thereissomethingwrongwithmyheart.2)Atpresentwewantnothingbuttobuyacar.

5)Doyouwant/hope/plantocheatattheexam?3)Thismedicinehasnoeffectexcepttomakeyoudieyoung.

——Iwant/hope/plant。,butwewon'tbeallowedto.4)Duringthewinterholidaystheywilldonothingotherthanreadbooksdayandnight.

6)Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.5)1havenoambitionsotherthantoliveahappylifeandbefree.

-----1meantto,butwhenIwasleaving,Icouldn'tfindheranywhere.6)TheJapanesehadnochoicebuttcleavethewatersoftheDiaoyuIslandsinahurry.

7)Whyworryaboutsuchathing?

7)HasLibbycleanedallthedesksandchairs?

8)Whynothaveaphototakenatthetopofthemountain?

——No,butIwillaskherto.

9)Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwayspreferstorideabicycle.

8)——Hasshepassedthedrivingtest?

10)Youmay/mightaswellthrowawaythemoneyunderthebed.

——Sheseemstohave.

(还是做什么的好，不妨做什么)

9)——Mary,youareadoctor,aren'tyou?

——No,Iamnot.AndIdon'twanttobe,either.

•with结构作伴随状语，原因状语:

★K.不定式前可用what,who,which,where,when,how等疑问词构成不定式短语，在句子中可

现在分词2)(Thereare)100daystog。(totheOlympicGames).

beingdone3)Kate!Hurryup.Youhaveonlytwomilestogo.

过去分词

4)Westillhavealongwaytogo.

with+宾语♦〈todo

★P.不定式的一般进行式和完成进行式：

tobedone

不定式的进行式表示不定式的动作与谓语动作/状态同时发生。

介词短语

l形容词/副词不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作比谓语动作/状态先发生。

l)Withalotofconstructionworktocomplete,theworkersarehavingahardtime.l)Theleadersaresaidtobehavinganimportantconferenceatthetheatre.

【此处用主动的不定式，表示将来要完成，去完成工作的人是workers。】2)Kateseemstohavebeendoinqsomesecretthings.

2)Withalotofconstructionworktobecompleted,thepresidentisveryworried.3)HissisterissaidtohavebeenstudyingintheUSA.

【此处用被动的不定式，表示将来要完成，完成工作的人不是president。】

3)Withalltheconstructionworkcompleted,thepresidentjumpedwithjoy.

【此处用过去分词，表示工作已经被完成。】rtobe.......................据说是什么

4)Withtheboyleadinqtheway,wefoundhefactoryeasily.tolive/like/know............:据说住/喜欢/知道

5)Withtheboytleadtheway,wewillfindthefactoryeasilytomorrow.

。besaid।tobedoing...........;据说正在什么

6)Withmoreforestsbeinqdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeach

tohavedone.................:据说做了什么

year.

7)Charleswasaloneathome,withnoonelookinqafterhim.jtohavebeendone........:据说被什么了

8)A11theafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.tohavebeendoing........:据说一直在做什么

9)Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdiedwithhisworksunfinisheci.

[thought,believed,considered,supposed,expected,reported,known也可这

10)Hesleptwellwithallthewindowsopen.

样用】

ll)Hestoodbeforehisteacherwithhisheaddown.

12)Hewaslyingonthebedwithallhisclothes0n.〔tobeinGreatBritainnow.

13)Arobberburstintothehouse,withaknifeinhishand.t。knowthetruthoftheincident.

=Arobberburstintothehouse,knifeinhand.

OurpresidentissaidJtobevisitingtheSummerPalaceinChina.

★O.years/months/weeks/daystocome：【未来；将来】

l)ShewillstayinAfricaformanyyearstocome.tohaveleftTokyoforNewZealand.

2)Theeffectsofthefloodwillbefeltformonthstocome.tohavebeenarrestedbythepolice.

3)Hewillrememberherwarninginthedayse.

Itohavebeenwaitingforthenewsfromthefront.

4)Youwillmakegreatprogressintheyearstoeome.

[inthedays/months/yearsahead:在未来几天/月/年】★Q.不定式的一般被动式和完成被动式：

•togo：剩下l)Hisfirstbooktobepublishednextmonthisbasedonatruestory.

1)1onlyhavethreeexamstogo.