高中阅读理解练习附答案和翻译

Passage1

TherearestoriesabouttwoU.S.presidents,AndrewJacksonandMartinVanBuren,

whichattempttoexplaintheAmericanEnglishtermOK.Wedon,tknowifeither

storyistrue,buttheyarebothinteresting.

ThefirstexplanationisbasedonthefactthatPresidentJacksonhadverylittle

education.Infact,hehaddifficultyreadingandwriting.Whenimportantpapers

cametoJackson,hetriedtoreadthemandthenhadhisassistantsexplainwhat

theysaid.Ifheapprovedofapaper,hewouldwrite“allcorrectvonit.Theproblem

wasthathedidn,tknowhowtospell.Sowhathereallywrotewas”ol

korekt”.Afterawhile,heshortenedthattermto"OK".

ThesecondexplanationisbasedontheplacewherePresidentVanBurenwas

born,Kinderhook,NewYork.VanBnren,sfriendsorganizedaclubtohelphimbecome

PresidentTheycanedtheclubtheOldKinderhookClub,andanyonewhosupported

VanBurenwascalled"OK".

1.Theauthor__

A.believesbothofthestoriesB.doesn,tbelieveawordofthestories

C.isnotsurewhetherthestoriesaretrueD.istellingthestoriesjust

forfun

2.Accordingtothepassage,PresidentJackson

A.couldn,tdrawupanydocumentsatallB.didn,tliketoreadimportant

papersbyhimself

C.oftenhadhisassistantssigndocumentsforhimD.wasn'tgoodatreading,

writingorspelling

3.Accordingtothefirststory,theterm"OK"_A.wasapprovedofbyPresident

JacksonB.wasthetitleofsomeOfficialdocuments

C.wasfirstusedbyPresidentJacksonD.wasanoldwaytospell”all

correct

4.Accordingtothesecondstory,theterm''OK"__

A.wastheshortwaytosay''oldKinderhookClub"B.meanttheplacewhere

PresidentVanBurenwasborn

C.wasthenameofVanBuren'sclubD.wasusedtocallVanBuren's

supportersintheelection

5.Accordingtothesecondstory,theterm"OK"wasfirstused—

A.byVanBurenB.inapresidentialelection

C.toorganizetheOldKinderhookClubD.bythemembersofthe''OldKinderhook

Club”

Passage2

AlthoughtheUnitedStatescoverssomuchlandandthelandproducesfarmore

foodthanthepresentpopulationneeds,itspeoplearebynowalmostentirelyan

urbansocietyLessthanatenthofthepeopleareengagedinagricultureand

forestry（林业），andmostoftherestliveinoraroundtowns,smallandlarge.Here

thetraditionalpictureischanging：everysmalltownmaystillbeverylikeother

smalltowns,andthetypicalsmalltownmayrepresentawidelyacceptedviewof

thecountry,butmostAmericansdonotliveinsmalltownsanymore.Halfthe

populationnowlivesinsomethirtymetropolitanareas（largecitieswiththeir

suburbs>ofmorethanamillionpeopleeach一alargerproportionthaninGermany

orEngland,letaloneFrance.Thestatistics（统计）ofurbanandruralpopulation

shouldbetreatedwithcautionbecausesomanypeoplewholiveinareasclassified

asruraltravelbycartoworkinanearbytowneachday.Astherushto1iveout

oftowncontinues,ruralareaswithinreachoftownsaregraduallyfilledwith

houses,sothatitishardtosayatwhatmomentapieceofcountrybecomesasuburb

ButmoreandmorethetypicalAmericanlivesinametropolitanratherthanasmall

townenvironment.

6.IfnowAmericahas250millionpeople,howmanyofthemareengagedinagriculture

andforestry

A.About25million.B.Morethan25million.

7.Whichofthefollowingfourcountrieshasthesmallestproportionofpeople

livinginmetropolitanareas

A.UnitedStates.B.Germany.C.France.D.England.

8.What'sthemeaningoftheword“metropolitan“inthemiddleofthepassage

A.Ofalargecitywithitssuburbs.B.Ofsmallandlargetowns.

C.Ofurbanareas.D.Ofruralareas.

9.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanwelearnaboutsmalltownsintheUnited

States

AMostsmalltownsbecomegraduallycrowdedB.Smalltownsarestill

similartoeachother.

C.Asthetraditionalpictureischanging,townsaredifferent.D.Small

townsareturningintolargecities

10.Whyisithardtosaywhenapieceofcountrybecomesasuburb

A.Becausetheyarethesame.B.Becausetherushtakesplacetooquickly

C.Becausetheprocessisgradual.D.BecausemoreandmoreAmericanslive

inmetropolitanareas.

Passage3

Ifwewereaskedexactlywhatweweredoingayearago,weshouldprobablyhave

tosaythatwecouldnotrememberButifwehadkeptabookandhadwrittenin

itanaccountofwhatwedideachday,weshouldbeabletogiveananswertothe

question.

ItisthesameinhistoryManythingshavebeenforgottenbecausewedonot

haveanywrittenaccountofthemSometimesmendidkeeparecordofthemost

importanthappeningsintheircountry,butoftenitwasdestroyedbyfireorin

awar.Sometimestherewasneveranywrittenrecordatallbecausethepeopleof

thattimeandplacedidnotknowhowtoWrite.Forexample,weknowagooddeal

aboutthepeoplewholivedinChina4,000yearsago,becausetheycouldwrite

andleavewrittenrecordsforthosewholivedafterthem.Butweknowalmostnothing

aboutthepeoplewholivedeven200yearsagoincentralAfrica,becausethey

hadnotlearnedtowrite.

Sometimes,ofcourse,evenifthepeoplecannotwrite,theymayknowsomething

ofthepast.Theyhaveheardaboutitfromolderpeople,andoftensongsanddances

andstorieshavebeenmadeaboutthemostimportanthappenings,andthesehave

beensungandactedandtoldformanygenerationsFormostpeopleareproudto

tellwhattheirfathersdidinthepast.Thiswemaycall'remembered

history,.Someofithasnowbeenwrittendown.Itisnotsoexactorsovaluable

tousaswrittenhistoryis,becausewordsaremuchmoreeasilychangedwhenused

againandagaininspeechthanwhencopiedinwriting.Butwheretherearenowritten

records,suchspokenstoriesareoftenveryhelpful.

11.Whichofthefollowingideasisnotsuggestedinthepassage

A.^Rememberedhistory”,comparedwithwrittenhistory,islessreliable

B.Writtenrecordsofthepastplaythemostimportantroleinourlearning

ofthehumanhistory.

C.AwrittenaccountofourdailyactivitieshelpsUStobeabletoanswer

manyquestions.

D.Wheretherearenowrittenrecords,thereisnohistory.

12.WeknowverylittleaboutthecentralAfrica200yearsagobecause

A.therewasnothingworthbeingwrittendownatthattime

B・thepeoplethereignoredtheimportanceofkeepingarecord

C.thewrittenrecordswereperhapsdestroyedbyafire

D.thepeopletheredidnotknowhowtowrite

13.^Rememberedhistory”refersto____.

A.historybasedonaperson'simagination

B.storiesofimportanthappeningspasseddownfrommouthtomouth

C,songsanddancesaboutthemostimportantevents

D.bothBandC

14.^Rememberedhistoryvisregardedasvaluableonlywhen_____.

A.itiswrittendownB.nowrittenaccountisavailable

C.itprovestobetimeD.peopleareinterestedinit

15.Thepassagesuggeststhatwecouldhavelearnedmuchmoreaboutourpastthan

we

donowiftheancientpeoplehad

A.keptawrittenrecordofeverypasteventB.notburnttheirwritten

recordsinwars

C.toldexactstoriesofthemostimportanthappeningsD.mademoresongs

anddances

Passage4

WhenMrs.JosephGroegerdiedrecentlyinVienna,Austria,peopleaskedthe

obvious,“Whydidshelivetobe107"Answerswereprovidedbyasurveyconducted

among148Viennesemenandwomenwhohadreachedtheageof100.Somewhatsurprising

wasthefactthatthemajorityhadlivedmostoftheirlivesincities.Inspite

ofthecity'simageasanunhealthyplace,citylivingoftenprovidesbenefits

thatcountrylivingcanlack.Onefactorseemstobeimportanttothelongevity（长

寿）ofthoseinterviewed.

Thisfactorisexercise,inthecitiesitisoftenfastertowalkshort

distancesthantowaitforabus.Eventakingpublictransportationoftenrequires

somewalking.Smallerapartmenthouseshavenoelevators（电梯）,andsopeoplemust

climbstairs.CitypeoplecanusuallywalktolocalsupermarketsSinceparking

spacesarehardtofind,thereisoftennoalternativetowalking.

Ontheotherhand,thosewholiveinthecountryandsuburbsdonothaveto

walkeveryday.Infact,theoppositeisoftentrue.Togotoschool,work,or

almostanywhereelse,theymustrideincars.

16.TheViennasurveymayhelptoexplain_____

A.thecomplaintsofpeopleinapartmenthousesB.thecauseofMrsGroeger?s

death

C.thelongevityofpeoplelikeMrs.GroegerD.theimageofcitiesin

general

17.Thepurposeofthesecondparagraphistolistsome

A.benefitsofwalkingB.occasionsforwalkingincitylife

C.commentsmadebycitypeopleD.problemsofcityliving

18.Toreachthethirdfloorofabuilding,itwouldprobablybemosthealthful

A.totaketheelevatorB.towalkupthestairsC.torideinacar

D.tofindanalternativetowalking

19.Peoplewholiveinthecountryprobablydomoredrivingthanwalkingbecause

A.theydon'tlivenearbusinessareasB.theydon'tneedtheexercise

C.theyneverhaveparkingproblemsD.theycan'taffordtotakethebus

20.Aconclusionthatcanbedrawnfromthispassageisthat

A.airpollutionisnotseriousB.anyonecanlivetobe107

C.countrypeopleshouldmovetothecityD.walkingisahealthfulexercise

Passage5

ForanyEnglishman,therecanneverbeanydiscussionastowhoistheworld's

greatestdramatist(居作家).Onlyonenamecanpossiblysuggestitselftohim：

thatofWilliamShakespeareEveryEnglishmanhassomeknowledge,howeverslight,

oftheworkofourgreatestwriter.AllofUSusewords,phrasesandquotations

fromShakespeareJswritingsthathavebecomepartofthecommonpropertyofthe

English-speakingpeople.Mostofthetimeweareprobablyunawareofthesource

ofthewordsweused,ratherliketheoldladywhowastakentoseeaperformance

ofHamletandcomplainedthatitwasfullofwell—knownproverbsandquotations.

Shakespeare,moreperhapsthananyotherwriter,makesfulluseofthegreat

resourcesoftheEnglishlanguage.MostofUSuseaboutfivethousandwordsin

ournormaluseofEnglish；Shakespeareinhisworksusedabouttwenty-five

thousand.

Thereisprobablynobetterwayforaforeignertoappreciatetherichnessand

varietyoftheEnglishlanguagethanbystudyingthevariouswaysinwhich

Shakespeareusedit.Suchastudyiswellworththeeffort(itisnot,ofcourse,

recommendedtobeginners)eventhoughsomeaspectsofEnglishusage,andthemeaning

ofmanywords,havechangedsinceShakespeare?sday.

21.Englishpeople

A.haveneverdiscussedwhoistheworld'sgreatestdramatist

B.neverdiscussanyissueconcerningtheworld'sgreatestdramatist

C.aresurewhoistheworld'sgreatestdramatist

D.donotcarewhoistheworld'sgreatestpoetanddramatist

22.EveryEnglishmanknows

A.moreorlessaboutShakespeareB.Shakespeare,butonlyslightly

C.allShakespeare,swritingsD.onlythenameofthegreatestEnglish

writer

23.Whichofthefollowingistrue_

A.Weuseallthewords,phrasesandquotationsfromShakespeareJSwritings.

B.ShakespeareJswritingshavebecomethepropertyofthosewhoarelearning

tospeakEnglish.

C.Itislikelytobetruethatpeopleoftendonotknowtheoriginsofthewords

theyuse

DAllthewordspeopleusearetakenfromthewritingsofShakespeare

24.Whatdoestheword“proverb"mean_

A.FamiliarsayingsB.ShakespeareJsplays.C.Complaints.D.Actors

andactresses.

25.WhyisitworthwhiletostudythevariouswaysinwhichShakespeareusedEnglish

A.EnglishwordshavechangedalotsinceShakespeareJStime.

B.BydoingSOonecanbefullyawareoftherichnessoftheEnglishlanguage

C.EnglishwordsarenowbeingusedinthesamewayasinShakespeare'stime

D.BeginnersmayhavedifficultylearningsomeaspectsofEnglishusage

Passage6

Treesareusefultomaninthreeveryimportantways：theyprovidehimwoodand

otherproducts；theygivehimshade；andtheyhelptopreventdrought（干旱）and

floods.

Unfortunately,inmanypartsoftheworld,manhasnotrealizedthatthethird

oftheseservicesisthemostimportant.Inhiseagernesstodrawquickprofit

fromthetrees,hehascutthemdowninlargenumbers

Twothousandyearsago,arichandpowerfulcountrycutdownitstreestobuild

warships,withwhichtogainitselfanempireItgainedtheempirebut,without

itstrees,itssoilbecamebareandpoor.Whentheempirefelltopieces,thecountry

founditselffacedbyfloodsandstarvation.

Evenwhereagovernmentrealizestheimportanceofaplentifulsupplyoftrees,

itisdifficultsometimestomakethepeoplerealizethis.Theycutdownthetrees

butaretoocarelesstoplantandlookafternewtreesSo,unlessthegovernment

hasagoodsystemofcontrol,orcaneducatethepeople,theforestsslowlydisappear

Thisdoesnotonlymeanthattherewillbefewertrees.Theresultsareeven

moreserious：forwheretherearetrees,theirrootsbreakthesoilup,allowing

theraintosinkin,andalsobindthesoil.Thispreventsthesoilfrombeing

washedaway.Butwheretherearenotrees,therainfallsonhardgroundandflows

awayonthesurface,andthiscausesfloodsandtheraincarriesawaytherich

topsoilinwhichcropsgrowWhenallthetopsoi1isgone,nothingremainsbut

worthlessdesert.

26.Treesareusefultomanmainlyinthreeways,themostimportantofwhichis

thattheycan

A.keephimfromthehotsunshineB.enablehimtobuildwarships

C.makehimdrawquickprofitfromthemD.protecthimfromdroughtsandfloods

27.It'sagreatpitythat___

A.manisonlyinterestedinbuildingempiresB.maniseagertoprofit

fromtrees

C.manhasn'trealizedtheimportanceoftreestohimD.manhasn,tfoundout

thathehaslostalltrees

28.Soonerorlatertheforestswilldisappear.

A.unlessacountryhasaplentysupplyoftreesB.unlesspeoplestopcutting

downtheirtrees

C.unlessallpeoplearetaughttheimportanceofplantingtrees

D.unlessthegovernmentpunishesthosewhocuttreesinsteadofplantingthem

29.Theword"bind"inParagraph5means”

A.towashawayB.tomakewetC.tomakestaytogetherD.toimprove

30.Whenthereisaheavyrain,treescanhelptopreventfloods,astheycan.

A.keeprainfromfallingdowntosoftgroundB,causethesoiltoallowrainwater

tosinkin

C.preventthesoilfrombeingwashedawayD.makethetopsoilsticktogether

Passage7

SomeofthenotebooksGeorgeWashingtonkeptasayoungmanarestillin

existence.TheyshowthathewaslearningLatin,wasveryinterestedinthebasics

ofgoodbehaviorinsociety,andwasreadingEnglishliterature.

Atschoolheseemsonlytohavebeeninterestedinmathematics.Infact,

hisformaleducationwassurprisinglybriefforagentleman,andincompleteFor

unlikeotheryoungVirginianofthatday,hedidnotgototheCollegeofWilliam

andMaryintheVirginiancapitalofWilliamsburg.Intermsofformaltraining

then,WashingtoncontrastssharplywithsomeotherearlyAmericanPresidentssuch

asJohnAdams,ThomasJeffersonandJamesMadison.Inlateryears,Washington

probablyregrettedhislackofintellectualtrainingHeneverfeltcomfortable

inadebateinCongress（国会）,oronanySubjectthathadnottodowitheveryday,

practicalmattersAndbecauseheneverlearnedFrenchandcouldnotspeakdirectly

totheFrenchleaders,hedidnotvisitthecountryheadmiredSOmuch.Thus,

unlikeJeffersonandAdams,heneverreachedEurope

31.Whydidn'tWashingtongotocollege__

A.Hisfamilycouldnotaffordit.BAcollegeeducationwasrather

uncommoninhistime.

C.Hedidn'tliketheyoungVirginiangentlemenD.Theauthordoesn'tgive

anyreason.

32.WashingtonfeltuncomfortableinCongressdebatesbecausehe

A.lackedpracticeinpublicspeakingB.felthiseducationwasnot

goodenough

C.didn'tlikearguinganddebatingwithpeopleDfeltthatdebatingwaslike

intellectualtraining

33ThereasonwhyWashingtondidn'tvisitFrancewasprobablythathe

A.didn,treallycareaboutgoingB.didn'tknowFrenchleaders

C.couldn'tcommunicatedirectlywiththeFrenchleadersD.wastoobusy

toNavel

34Accordingtotheauthor______

AWashington'slackofformaleducationplacedhimatadisadvantageinlater

life

B.WashingtonshouldhavegonetoFranceeventhoughhecouldnotspeakFrench

C.WashingtonwasnotasgoodapresidentasAdams,JeffersonorMadison

DWashingtonwasamodelforal1Virginiangentlemen

35.ThemainideaofthepassageisthatWashington'seducation

Awasofgreatvariety,coveringmanySubjects

Bwasprobablyequaltothoseofmostyounggentlemenofhistime

C.mayseempoorbymodernstandards,butwasgoodenoughforhistime

Dwasratherlimitedforapresident

Passage8

Likemostpeople,1wasbroughtuptolookuponlifeasaprocessofgetting

Itwasnotuntilinmylatethirtiesthat1madethisimportantdiscovery：

giving-awaymakeslifesomuchmoreexcitingYouneednotworryifyoulackmoney

Thisishow1experimentedwithgiving-away.Ifanideaforimprovingthewindow

displayofaneighborhoodstoreflashestome,Istepinandmakethesuggestion

tothestorekeeper.OnediscoveryImadeaboutgiving-awayisthatitisalmost

impossibletogiveawayanythinginthisworldwithoutgettingsomethingback,

thoughthereturnoftencomesinallunexpectedform.OneSundaymorningthelocal

postofficedeliveredanimportantspecialdeliverylettertomyhome,thoughit

wasaddressedtomeatmyOffice.1wrotethepostmasteranoteofappreciation

MorethanayearlaterIneededapost一officeboxforanewbusiness1wasstarting

1wastoldatthewindowthattherewerenoboxesleft,andthatmynamewould

havetogoonalongwaitinglist.As1wasabouttoleave,thepostmasterappeared

inthedoorway.Hehadoverheard（无意中听至U）ourconversation."Wasn'tityou

thatwroteUSthatletterayearagoaboutdeliveringaspecialdeliverytoyour

home“Isaidyes"Well,youcertainlyaregoingtohaveaboxinthispostoffice

ifwehavetomakeoneforyou.Youdon'tknowwhataletterlikethatmeansto

us.Weusuallygetnothingbutcomplaints.''

36.Fromthepassage,weunderstandthat

Atheauthordidnotunderstandtheimportanceofgivinguntilhewasinlate

thirties

B.theauthorwaslikemostpeoplewhoweremostlyreceiversratherthangivers

C.theauthorreceivedthesameeducationasmostpeopleduringhischildhood

D.theauthorlikedmostpeopleastheylookeduponlifeasaprocessofgetting

37.Accordingtotheauthor

AgivingmeansyouwilllackmoneyBtheexcitementofgivingcanbring

youmoney

Cyoudon,thavetoberichinordertogiveD.whenyougiveawaymoney,

youwillberich

38.Theauthorwouldmakethesuggestiontothestorekeeper

A.inwritingB.inpersonCinthewindowdisplayD.aboutthe

neighborhood

39.Whentheauthorneededapost-officebox,

A.hehadtoputhisnameonawaitinglistBhewrotethepostmastera

noteofappreciation

C.manypeoplehadappliedforpost-officeboxesbeforehimD.heaskedthe

postmastertomakeoneforhim

40.Inreplytothepostmaster?squestion,theauthorsaid

A.itwasthespecialdeliveryB.itwasthepost-officebox

C.itwasthenoteofappreciationhewroteDitwashewhowrotehima

letterayearago

Passage9

ChildrenintheUnitedStatesareexposedtomanyinfluencesotherthanthat

oftheirfamilies.Televisionisthemostsignificantoftheseinfluences,because

thehabitofwatchingtelevisionusuallybeginsbeforechildrenstartattending

school.

Parentsareconcernedaboutthelackofqualityintelevisionprogramsfor

children.Thedegreeofviolenceinmanyoftheseshowsalsoworriesthem.Studies

indicatethat,whenchildrenareexposedtoviolence,theymanybecomeaggressive

orinsecure.

Parentsarealsoconcernedat,outthecommercialsthattheirchildrensee

ontelevision.Manyparentswouldliketoseefewercommercialsduringprograms

forchildren.Andsomeparentsfeelthattheseshowsshouldnothaveanycommercials

atallbecauseyoungmindsarenotmatureenoughtodealwiththeclaimsmadeby

advertisers.

Educationaltelevisionhasnocommercialsandhasprogramsforchildrenthat

manyparentsapproveofThemostfamousoftheseisSesameStreet,whichtries

togivepreschoolchildrenaheadstartinlearningthealphabet（字母）and

numbers.Italsofliestoteachchildrenusefulthingsabouttheworldinwhich

theylive.

EventhoughmostparentsandeducatorsgiveSesameStreetandshowslikeit

highmarksforquality,somecriticsarguethatalltelevision,whethereducational

ornot,isharmfultochildren.Thesecriticsfeelthatthehabitofwatchinghours

oftelevisioneverydayturnschildrenintoboredandpassive（被动的）consumers

oftheirworldratherthanencouragingthemtobecomeactiveexplorersofit.

41.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTbasedonthepassage_

A.Parentsareworriedabouttheinfluencefromtelevisionontheirchildren

BTelevisionhasmuchinfluenceonchildren

CBothparentsandtheirchildrenlikewatchingeducationaltelevision.

D.Somecriticsthinkthattelevisionisnogoodforchildren.

42.Inwhatwaysdochildrensufferfromtelevision_

A.TheybecomethevictimsofsocialviolenceBTheyspendhourswatching

televisioninsteadofdoingschoolwork

CTheprogramsmakethechildrenloseinterestintheworld.

DTheprogramsmakethechildrenspendtoomuchoftheirparents,money

43.Parentswouldnotliketheirchildrentoseecommercialsbecause

A.theythinkthattheirchildrenorenotoldenoughtohandleadvertising

B.commercialsteachchildrenalphabetandnumbers

C.commercialshelptosellproductsD.theydon,tlikecommercials

44.Educationaltelevisioniswidelyappreciatedbecause_

A.itdoeshavethesamecommercialsasothersB.itoffersprogramsforboth

childrenandtheirparents

CmanyparentsliketheprogramsitoffersfortheirchildrenD.childrencan

learnsomeschoolsubjectsbeforetheygotoschool

45.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage_

A.WatchingTooMuchTelevisionMayBeHarmfultoYoungMindsB.Television

IsMoreHarmfulthanEducational

C.Television,sInfluenceonChildrenDMoreEducationTelevision

Passage10

Wecanmakemistakesatanyage.Somemistakeswemakeareaboutmoney.Butmost

mistakesareaboutpeople."DidJerryreallycarewhenIbrokeupwith

Helen…iWhenIgotthatgreatjob,didJerryreallyfeelgoodaboutit,asafriend

Ordidheenvymyluck“Whenwelookback,doubtslikethesecanmakeUSfeel

bad.Butwhenwelookback.It'st