湖北省黄冈市2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末质量检测试题含解析

PAGEPAGE25湖北省黄冈市2024-2025学年高一英语上学期期末质量检测试题（含解析）考生留意：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、考生号、座号填写在相应位置，仔细核对条形码上的姓名、考号和座号，并将条形码粘贴在指定位置上。2.选择题答案必需运用2B铅笔（按填涂样例）正确填涂；非选择题答案必需运用0.5毫米黑色签字笔书写。字体工整、笔迹清晰。3.请依据题号在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。保持卡面清洁，不折叠、不破损。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdayisittoday?A.Wednesday.B.Thursday.C.Friday.2.Whatdoesthewomanmostprobablywanttodo?A.Haveawalk.B.Buynewclothes.C.Buysomeflowers.3.WhydidthemangotoBeijing?A.Tovisithisparents.B.Toreceivejobtraining.C.Tohaveaninterview.4.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelnow?A.Angry.B.Interested.C.Frightened.5.WhatistheclimateofautumninBeijinglike?A.Itdoesn'trainatall.B.Itrainsalot.C.Itseldomrains.其次节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whattimeisitnow?A.11:00am.B.11:30am.C.12:00noon7.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onatrain.B.Atatrainstation.C.Atarestaurant.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Whatkindofmusicdoesthemanlikebest?A.Jazz.B.Rockmusic.C.Classicalmusic.9.Whocanplaytheviolin?A.Kate.B.David.C.Hazel.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.WhenwillHalloweenbegin?A.Tomorrow.B.Thisweek.C.Nextweek.11.Whereisthewomanfrom?A.TheUK.B.America.C.Russia.12.Whatwillthewomando?A.Buysomecandy.B.Attendaparty.C.Visitherfriends.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Atasupermarket.B.Atarestaurant.C.Atthepolicestation.14.Whathappenedtotheman?A.HelosthiswalletB.Helosthisway.C.Hecanceledhiscreditcard15.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Hehadlunchathome.B.Hisfriendpaidforthesupper.C.Heoftentakesoutwalletwhensittingdown.16.Whatwillthemandofirst?A.Callthepolice.B.Quarrelwiththewoman.C.Checkwhetherthewalletisathome.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatdidthespeakerwanttobewhenhewasinmiddleschool?A.Ateacher.B.Apilot.C.Atourguide.18.Whydidthespeakergiveupstudyingphysics?A.Hehadtoworktosupporthimself.B.Helostinterestedinphysics.C.Hiseyesightwastoopoor.19.Wheredidthespeakerworkforatravelagency?A.InSouthAmerica.B.IntheUS.C.InSpain.20.WhendidthespeakerstarttoteachEnglish?A.Afterhavingababy.B.Rightafterleavingtheuniversity.C.Beforegettingmarried.其次部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分；满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出最佳选项。AMostpeoplearehappytoreceivegiftsjustbecauseoftheirsocialcustoms,butinfacttheydon'tlikethem,AstheNewYearapproaches,wemaybeeagertoseethejoyonthefacesofthosewhoreceivegifts.Howtoprepareathoughtfulgift?Herearesomerecommendedbrandsforyou.PatekPillippe,aSwisswatchmanufacturer(制造商)foundedin1839,locatedinGenevaandtheValléedeJoux.APatekwatchisn'tadevicefortellingtime.Itcantransfervaluesacrossgenerations.Itisintendedtoexpresstheattitudeofmodernmentowardsparenthood.Therealspiritofthisbrandiscloseness,emotionandtogetherness.Thosearewhatyouwantenjoyandpassonfromgenerationtogeneration.Cognac.Cognacisatypeofbrandymadefromdistilledwhitewine.Infact,theword“brandy”comesfromaDutchwordwhichmeansburntwine.TheoriginofCognacdatesbacktothe16thcenturywhenDutchsellerscametoaFrenchregiontobuysalt,wood,andwine.Andsoonthisbrandyisnamedafteritsbirthplace,alittletowninsouthwestofFrance.Cognacisthemostcomplexwinetomakeandittakesthelongesttimetoproduce—centuries,insomecases.Frifuliisboththegroupnameandthebrandname.Foundedin1982inAthens,Greece.Frifulidesignsandmanufacturesjewelry.Todayithasmorethan390storesin25countriesaroundtheworld.Atthebeginning,Frifuliwastodesignandmanufacturejewelry.Withtheadditionofthewatchseriesin1994andtheaccessories(饰品)seriesin1998,Frifulihasgraduallybecomeafashionbrandcoveringthethreefieldsofjewelry,watchesandaccessories.1.WhatdoPatekPillippeandFrifulihaveincommon?A.Bothhavealonghistory.B.Botharethenamesofthemanufacturerandthebrand.C.Bothdoonesamebusiness.D.Bothdobusinessinseveralfields.2.Whichstatementistrueaccordingtothetext?A.Mostpeoplereceivegiftsbecausetheyreallylikeit.B.PetekPillippeisabrandtoshowparents'love.C.Cognaccostsalongtimetoproduce.D.Frifulionlyconcentratesonmanufacturingjewelry.3.WheredoesCognaccomefrom?A.Swiss. B.Greece.C.Holland. D.France.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要举荐几款过年礼物的品牌。【1题详解】细微环节理解题。依据PatekPillippe和Frifuli定位在文章其次部分和第四部分，依据原文“PatekPillippe,aSwisswatchmanufacturerfoundedin1839(百达翡丽是一家成立于1839年的瑞士手表制造商)”和“Frifulihasgraduallybecomeafashionbrandspanningthethreefieldsofjewelry,watchesandaccessories.(Frifuli已渐渐成为一种时尚品牌的三个字段珠宝、手表及配件。)”可知，这两个品牌都有手表类业务。故选C。【2题详解】细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段“Cognacisthemostcomplexwineintheworldtomakeandittakesthelongesttimetoproduce—centuries,insomecases.(Cognac是最困难的葡萄酒，生产时间也最长，有时长达几个世纪。)”可知，cognac酿造时间长。故选C。【3题详解】细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段“Andsoonthisbrandyisnamedafteritsbirthplace,alittletowninsouthwestofFrance.(很快这种白兰地就以它的诞生地——法国西南部的一个小镇命名了。)”可知,Cognac来自于法国。故选D。BSixweeksbeforehisbirthday,GiuseppePaternòachievedthedreamofalifetime:Hegotauniversitydegree.Mr.Paternò'sgraduationhasinspirednewscoveragearoundtheworld,partlybecauseofhisage.Buthehasmainlydrawnattentionbecausehislifestoryspeaksofcommitment,athemethathasencouragedasmillionsofschoolchildreninItalyandelsewherefacesextraordinaryuncertaintyduringthecoronaviruspandemic.BorninPalermoin1923,thefirstofsevenchildrenina“verypoorfamily,”Mr.Paternòbeganworkingsoonafterfinishingelementaryschool.“Thefamilywaslarge,therewasonlyonepaycheck,wewereunderfascism,andtimesweretough,”hesaid.Eventually,heendedupatapublishinghousewhereanenlightenedbosspersuadedhisfathertosendhimbacktoschoolforathree-yearvocationaldegree.Mr.Paternòthenworkedforaninsuranceagencywhilehetookprivateclassestobecomeatelegraphoperator.HeusedskillsfromtheoperatorjobwhenhewasdraftedintothenavyinWorldWarII.ThejobalsoopeneddoorstotheStateRailwaysCompany,whereheworkedformorethanfourdecades.Itwasonlyafterheretired,inthemid-1980s,thathereturnedtohisbooks,takingtheologycoursesthroughtheArchdioceseofPalermoafterachancemeetingwithaphilosophyprofessorwhourgedhimtofollowhislove.Mr.Paterno'sson,NinniPaternò,saidthatthefamilyhadnotexpectedalltheattention.“It'sunbelievable!”thevoungerPaternòsaidofhisfather.“Heachievedhisgoal,buthedidn'tmeantobefamousinnewspapersaroundtheworld.”UniversityofficialsarehopingthatMr.Paternòwillcontinuehisstudiesonwaster'scourse.Butheisn'tsosure.“Ihavetoadmitthatinthismoment,Idon'tknowwhetherIwoulddoitwiththesamespirit,”hesaidonWednesday.Still,Mr.Paternòsaidhewouldprobablycontinueanyway.4.What'sthemainreasonfortheworldtoreportMr.Paternò'sgraduation?A.Hisexperienceshowsthespiritofcommitment.B.Mr.Paternòachievedhisdreamatanoldage.C.Hisgraduationceremonywasduringthecoronaviruspandemic.D.Hisachievementisextraordinary.5.Whatdoestheunderlineword“thisjob”inparagraph4referto?A.Workingforaninsurancecompany.B.SeveringinthenavyinWorldWarII.C.Atelegraphoperator.D.ThejobintheStateRailwayCompany.6.WhatcanwelearnaboutMr.Paternò'sson'swords?A.ThefamilyhadnotagreedMr.Paternò'sdecision.B.Mr.Paternòdidn'twanttogaintheworld'sattention.C.Mr.Paternòsufferedalottoachievehisgoal.D.Mr.Paternò'sachievementisnotworthmentioning.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.It'snevertoolatetoachieveadream. B.Nopains,nogains.C.Youngatheart. D.Practicemakesperfect.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文，这篇文章讲解并描述的是一位意大利爷爷96岁高校毕业追寻幻想的故事。【4题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段中“Buthehasmainlydrawnattentionbecausehislifestoryspeaksofcommitment（但他之所以受到关注，主要是因为他的人生故事讲解并描述了承诺）”可知，他的事迹被全世界报道的主要缘由是他的人生故事体现了承诺精神，故选A项。【5题详解】词义揣测题。依据原文第四段中“Mr.Paternòthenworkedforaninsuranceagencywhilehetookprivateclassestobecomeatelegraphoperator.HeusedskillsfromtheoperatorjobwhenhewasdraftedintothenavyinWorldWarII.（先生。帕特诺随后在一家保险公司工作，同时参与私人课程，成为一名电报员。其次次世界大战时，他应征加入海军时，运用了操作员的技能。）”可知，thisjob指代的是theoperatorjob（电报员工作）。故选C项。【6题详解】细微环节理解题。依据原文“Heachievedhisgoal,buthedidn'tmeantobefamousinnewspapersaroundtheworld（他实现了自己的目标，但他并不想在世界各地的报纸上出名）”可知，他并不想受到全世界的关注，故选B项。【7题详解】推理推断题。这篇文章讲解并描述的是一位老人在96岁高龄时高校毕业追寻幻想的故事，他的经验可以说明追逐幻想恒久不会晚，故选A项。CWerecognizeourfriends’faces.Andwe’renotalone.Manysocialanimalscanidentifyindividualsoftheirownspeciesbyfeaturesoftheirfaces.That'simportant,becausetheyneedtobeabletochangetheirbehaviordependingonwhotheymeet.Andarecentresearchhasshownthatsomespeciesofmonkeys,birds,anddomesticated(家养的)animalscaneventelldifferentfacesapartbylookingatphotographsalone.EthologistLéaLansadeoftheFrenchNationalResearchInstituteforAgriculture,FoodandEnvironmentdidanexperimenttofindouthowwellhorsescanrecognizeindividualpeopleinphotographs.Sheandherteamfirsttaughtthehorseshowto“choose”betweentwoside-by-sidepicturesbytouchingtheirnosestoacomputerscreen.Thehorseswerethenshownphotosoftheirpresentkeeperalongsidefacesofunfamiliarhumans.Theyhadneverseenphotosofanyofthepeoplebefore.Thehorsescorrectlyidentifiedtheircurrentkeeperandignored(忽视)thestranger’sfaceabout75%ofthetime.Infact,eventhoughthehorsesdidn'tgetitrighteverysingletime,theywereatleastascorrectinpickingouttheirearlierkeeperastheywereatidentifyingtheirpresentone.Theresultssuggestthatnotonlycanhorsesdifferentiatebetweenfamiliarandunfamiliarhumanfaces,theyalsonaturallyunderstandthatphotographsaretwodimensionalrepresentations(二维呈现)ofreallife,withoutanyotherintimationssuchassmellorsound.Andthey’reevenbetteratthisthanouroldestanimalparter,thedomesticdog.Inaddition,horsesseemtohaveastronglong-termmemoryforhumanfaces,liketheirlonglifespanandhistoryofdomestication.Infutureexperiments,theresearcherswouldliketotestwhetherlookingatphotosofpeoplethattheyhavehadbadexperienceswithinthepastmightcausehorsestoactanxiousorevenavoidance.Somaybethinktwicebeforedoinganythingthatmightgiveahorsealongface.8.Whydidresearchersshowthehorsesboththekeeper’sphotosandthestrangers’?A.Tofindoutwhathorseswoulddointheexperiment.B.Toseewhyhorsescouldrecognizethekeeperinthepictures.C.Totestwhetherhorsescouldrecognizethestrangersinpictures.DTostudytowhatdegreehorsescanmakeoutdifferentpeopleinpictures.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intimations”inparagraph4referto?A.Clues. B.Differences.C.Photographs. D.Senses.10.Whatareresearchersstilluncertainabout?A.Whetherhorsescanlivelongerthanotheranimals.B.Whetherhorsescanrememberhuman'sfacesforalongtime.C.Whetherhorsescanshowtheiremotionsatthesightofphotos.D.Whetherhorsesarebetteratrecognizingphotosthanotheranimals.11.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Totalkaboutanimals’species.B.Toexplainanimals’facialfeatures.C.Toshowanimals’behaviourforadaptation.D.Tointroduceanimals’abilitytoidentifyingfaces.【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章以马为例做了面孔识别实力试验，主要探究动物能否像人类一样“识别”人脸。【8题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段“Thehorsescorrectlyidentifiedtheircurrentkeeperandignored(忽视)thestranger’sfaceabout75%ofthetime.(在75%的状况下，这些马能正确识别出它们现在的主子，并忽视生疏人的脸)”可知，科学家通过这种方式来验证马能否识别熟脸。由此可知，探讨人员给马看饲养员和生疏人的照片是为了探讨马能在多大程度上辨别出照片中的不同人。故选D项。【9题详解】词句揣测题。依据第四段“Theresultssuggestthatnotonlycanhorsesdifferentiatebetweenfamiliarandunfamiliarhumanfaces,theyalsonaturallyunderstandthatphotographsaretwodimensionalrepresentationsofreallife,withoutanyotherintimationssuchassmellorsound.(结果表明，马不仅能区分熟识和不熟识的人脸，它们还能很自然地理解照片是真实生活的二维表征，没有任何其他intimations，如气味或声音)”可知，马仅仅通过脸相，而不是气味、声音等“线索、依据”来识别。由此推知，划线词intimations与clues意思接近。故选A项。【10题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段倒数其次句“Infutureexperiments,theresearcherswouldliketotestwhetherlookingatphotosofpeoplethattheyhavehadbadexperienceswithinthepastmightcausehorsestoactanxiousorevenavoidance.(在将来的试验中，探讨人员想测试一下，看过去有过不好经验的人的照片是否会导致马表现出焦虑甚至回避)”可推知，马是否能表达感情，探讨者还不确定。故选C项。【11题详解】推理推断题。依据第一段“Werecognizeourfriends’faces.Andwe’renotalone.Manysocialanimalscanidentifyindividualsoftheirownspeciesbyfeaturesoftheirfaces.That'simportant,becausetheyneedtobeabletochangetheirbehaviordependingonwhotheymeet.Andarecentresearchhasshownthatsomespeciesofmonkeys,birds,anddomesticated(家养的)animalscaneventelldifferentfacesapartbylookingatphotographsalone.(我们识别得了挚友的脸。但并不是只有我们（人类）可以做到。很多群居动物可以通过面部特征来识别同类。这很重要，因为他们须要能够依据他们遇到的人变更他们的行为。最近的一项探讨表明，一些种类的猴子、鸟类和家养动物甚至可以通过单独看照片来区分不同的面孔)”可知，有一些动物可以识别不同的面孔，结合下文内容描写马的面孔识别试验可知，本文主要是介绍动物识别面孔的实力。故选D项。DThrowingawayunwantedfoodhasbecomeabigissueinthedevelopedworld.Whilesomeofusdothis,peopleinotherpartsofworldareshortoffood.It'sashockingfactthatathirdoftheworld'sfoodiswastedeachyearandthattheactualfigureis1.3billiontonsoffood,whichisenoughtofeedabillionhungrypeople.Youmaythinksupermarketsarethemaincontributorstothismountainoffood.Afterall,theydothrewawayfoodthat'spastitssell-by-dateandtheyoftenrefusetosellvegetablesorfruitthatarethewrongshapeorlookdamaged.They'vealsobeencriticized(指责)forencouragingcustomerstobuymorethantheyneedthroughpromotions(促销)suchas“buyonegetonefree”.Butthebiggestresponsiblepersonforcreatingfoodwasteisus.InEuropeanincredible53%offoodwastecomesfromfamiles,whichresultsin88milliontonsoffoodwasteayear.Soinsteadoffillingourstomachs,ourfoodisfillinguplandfillsites.Unfortunatelythiscausesgreenhousegaseswhichfinallyleadstoglobalwarmingandclimatechange.InDenmark,awomancalledSelinaJuulhasbeenworkinghardtostopthisproblem.ShemovedfromRussiamanyyearsagoandwasamazedtoseesomuchfoodinthesupermarkets.Buttohersurprise，shefoundthatpeoplewerebuyingmorethantheyneededandthrowingtoomuchaway.Shepersuadedsomesupermarketstostopsellingtheiritemsinlargeamountsothatpeopleboughtonlywhattheyneeded.Sheproducedaleftovers(剩菜)cookbookandshe'snowsetupaneducationprogrammeinschools.Thishashelpedreduceby25%infoodwaste,whichshowsthatsomethingcanbedone.Clearly,weneedtothinktwicewhenweputsomethinginourshoppingcart,andwhenwe'reathomeweshouldmakethemostofthefoodwehave—usingrecipesthatuseupourleftoversorevensharingthemwithourfriendsandneighbours.12.What'sthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Toleadinthetopicthatwillbediscussed.B.Togettheanswertohowmuchfoodyoubuyeachweek.C.Toshowpeoplearefondofgoingshoppingwhichwastemuchfood.D.Tomakeagoodrelationwiththereaders.13.Whenfacingmanypeoplegoinghungry,theauthorfeelsshockedbecause_______.A.thereisnoenoughfoodforthewholeworld.B.alargeamountoffoodiswastedintheworld.C.supermarketsencouragecustomerstobuymorethantheyneed.D.greenhousegasesleadtoglobalwarmingandclimatechange.14.SelinaJuulisawoman_______.A.whocaresabouttheenvironmentverymuchB.whotalkedsomesupermarketsintostoppingsellingtheiritemstopeopleC.whosetupaschooltoeducatepeoplenottowastefoodD.whotriedtosharehergoodexperiencefromdealingwithleftovers15.Whatcanbethetitleofthetext?AMakinggooduseofleftovers.B.Savethefood,stopthehunger.C.Don'tbuytoomuchfoodinthesupermarkets.D.Weneedtothinktwicewhenwegoshopping.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲解并描述造成很多人挨饿的缘由——大量食物被奢侈，因此提到了一些解决问题的方法：购买所需量的食物，合理利用剩余饭菜。

【12题详解】推理推断题。依据第一段“Throwingawayunwantedfoodhasbecomeabigissueinthedevelopedworld.Whilesomeofusdothis,peopleinotherpartsofworldareshortoffood.It'sashockingfactthatathirdoftheworld'sfoodiswastedeachyearandthattheactualfigureis1.3billiontonsoffood,whichisenoughtofeedabillionhungrypeople.(在发达国家，丢弃不须要的食物已经成为一个大问题。当我们中的一些人这样做的时候，世界上其他地方的人却缺少食物。一个令人震惊的事实是，世界上每年有三分之一的粮食被奢侈，而实际数字是13亿吨粮食，足以养活10亿饥饿人口。)”可知文章的主题是关于食物奢侈以及带来的不良后果，结合下文内容对食物奢侈的探讨可知作者第一段的目的是引出将要探讨的话题，故选A项。

【13题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段“It'sashockingfactthatathirdoftheworld'sfoodiswastedeachyearandthattheactualfigureis1.3billiontonsoffood,whichisenoughtofeedabillionhungrypeople.(一个令人震惊的事实是，世界上每年有三分之一的粮食被奢侈，而实际数字是13亿吨粮食，足以养活10亿饥饿人口。)”可知当作者面对如此多人遭遇饥饿，感到震惊的是世界上有大量的食物被奢侈。故选B项。

【14题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第五段“Shepersuadedsomesupermarketstostopsellingtheiritemsinlargeamountsothatpeopleboughtonlywhattheyneeded.Sheproducedaleftovers(剩菜)cookbookandshe'snowsetupaneducationprogrammeinschools.Thishashelpedreduceby25%infoodwaste,whichshowsthatsomethingcanbedone.(她劝服一些超市停止大量销售他们的商品，以便人们只买他们须要的东西。她制作了一本剩菜烹饪书，现在她在学校里设立了一个教化项目。这有助于削减25%的食物奢侈，这表明可以实行一些措施。)”可知SelinaJuul试图共享她处理剩菜的好阅历。故选D项。

【15题详解】标题推断题。依据第一段“Throwingawayunwantedfoodhasbecomeabigissueinthedevelopedworld.Whilesomeofusdothis,peopleinotherpartsofworldareshortoffood.It'sashockingfactthatathirdoftheworld'sfoodiswastedeachyearandthattheactualfigureis1.3billiontonsoffood,whichisenoughtofeedabillionhungrypeople.(在发达国家，丢弃不须要的食物已经成为一个大问题。当我们中的一些人这样做的时候，世界上其他地方的人却缺乏食物。一个令人震惊的事实是，世界上每年有三分之一的粮食被奢侈，而实际数字是13亿吨粮食，足以养活10亿饥饿人口。)”可知文章的主题是关于食物奢侈以及带来的不良后果，因此提出了一些解决问题的方法：购买所需量的食物，合理利用剩余饭菜。所以B项“节约粮食，制止饥饿。”符合文章主题，适合作为本文的标题，故选B项。

其次节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhenapplyingforAmericanuniversitiesmanystudentsbelievethatpublicuniversitiesaremoreformalthanprivateones.FamousAmericanIvyLeague(常春藤)colleges,however,areallprivate,whileothertopinstitutionsarepublic.____16________17____Thisisoneoftheirbiggestdifferences.Publicuniversitiesarefundedbythestatethroughtaxationwhileprivateuniversitiesarefundedbydonations.Tuitionfees(学费)ofprivateuniversitiesareusuallymuchhigherincomparison.DifferentstudentpoolsToensuretheeducationofstudentsinthestate,publicuniversitiesmainlyincludelocalpeoplewhoenjoydiscountedtuitionfeesforstudyingintheirhomestate.____18____Thisispartlybecausemanylocalstudentscannotaffordhightuitionfees.Differentschoolscales(规模)____19____Theywillalsohavelargerclasssize.Butprivatecollegesarenotaslargeandhavesmallerclasssizestoshowitsstrength.SchoolestablishmenthistoryPrivateuniversitiesenjoyalongerhistorythanpublicones.____20____Butitwasn'tuntilthemid-19thcenturythatsomefirst-classpublicuniversitiesappeared,suchastheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.Studentsneedtoconsidercompletelywhichoneissuitablefortheminvariousaspectssuchasteachingqualityandsocialactivities.A.Differentsourcesoffunding.B.Differentamountoftuitionfees.C.Butwhichoneisbetterbetweentheprivateonesandpublicones?D.Sowhatarethedifferencesbetweenthesetwotypesofuniversities?E.Mostpublicuniversitieshavebiggercampusesandlargerstudentbodies.F.Privateuniversities,however,haveahigherpercentageofinternationalstudents.G.PrincetonUniversity,oneoftheoldestIvyLeagueschools,forexample,wasfoundedin1746.【答案】16.D17.A18.F19.E20.G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲解并描述了美国公立高校和私立高校的区分。【16题详解】由本段首句“WhenapplyingforAmericanuniversities,manystudentsbelievethatpublicuniversitiesaremoreformalthanprivateones.”（在申请美国高校时，很多学生认为公立高校比私立高校更正规。）和下文每段小标题“Differentstudentpools”（不同的学生资源），“Differentschoolscales”（不同的学校规模）及“Schoolestablishmenthistory”（建校史）可知，下文在讲美国公立高校和私立高校的区分，此处应当引出“美国公私高校的区分”这个话题，承接上下文，D选项“那么这两种类型的高校有什么区分呢？”切题。故选D项。【17题详解】此处选择小标题，要对其次段内容进行概括总结。由其次段“Thisisoneoftheirbiggestdifferences.Publicuniversitiesarefundedbythestatethroughtaxationwhileprivateuniversitiesarefundedbydonations.Tuitionfees(学费)ofprivateuniversitiesareusuallymuchhigherincomparison.”（这是它们最大的区分之一。公立高校由国家通过税收资助，而私立高校则由捐赠资助。相比之下，私立高校的学费通常要高得多。）可知，其次段讲了美国公立高校的资金来源于税收，私立高校的资金来源于捐赠，说明美国公立高校和私立高校的资金来源不同，承接下文，A选项“不同的资金来源。”切题。故选A项。【18题详解】由小标题“Differentstudentpools”（不同的学生资源）和上一句“Toensuretheeducationofstudentsinthestate,publicuniversitiesmainlyincludelocalpeoplewhoenjoydiscountedtuitionfeesforstudyingintheirhomestate.”（为了保证学生在本州的教化，公立高校主要包括在本州学习享受折扣学费的当地人。）可知，本段主要讲美国公立高校和私立高校的学生来源不同，已经讲了公立高校的学生来源于当地人，那么此处应当讲私立高校的学生来源，承接上文，F选项“然而，私立高校的国际学生比例更高。”切题。故选F项。【19题详解】由小标题“Differentschoolscales”（不同的学校规模）和本段尾句“Butprivatecollegesarenotaslargeandhavesmallerclasssizestoshowitsstrength.”（但私立高校规模不大，班级规模较小，以显示其实力。）可知，本段主要讲美国公立高校和私立高校的规模不同，已经讲了有关私立高校规模的相关状况，那么此处应当讲公立高校的规模是怎么样的，承接上下文，E选项“大多数公立高校有更大的校内和更大的学生群体。”切题。故选E项。【20题详解】由小标题“Schoolestablishmenthistory”（建校史）和上一句“Privateuniversitiesenjoyalongerhistorythanpublicones.”（私立高校的历史比公立高校长。）可知，本段主要讲美国公立高校和私立高校不同的建校史，上文讲私立高校的历史比公立高校长，可得出作者在此处会进行进一步举例说明，说明为什么私立高校建校历史更悠久，只有G项符合建校史的内容，承接上文，G选项“例如，普林斯顿高校是历史最悠久的常春藤盟校之一，成立于1746年。”切题。故选G项。【点睛】

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Onceuponatime,averystrongwoodcutter___21___forajobinawoodmerchantandhegotit.Thepaywasreallygoodandsowasthe___22___condition.Forthosereasonsthewoodcutterwas___23___todohisbest.Hisbossgavehimanaxeandshowedhimtheareawherehewassupposedtowork.Thefirstdaythewoodcutterbrought18trees,whichheallhad___24___himself.“Congratulations!”thebosssaid,“Goonthatway!”Deeply___25___bytheboss'swordsthewoodcuttertriedharderthenextday.buthecouldonlybring15trees.Thethirddayhetriedeven___26___,buthecouldonlybring10trees.Dayafterdayhewasbringinglessandlesstrees.“Imustbelosingmy___27___,”thewoodcutterthought.Hewenttothebossandsaid___28___,addingthathecouldnotunderstandwhatwasgoingon.“Whenwasthelasttimeyou___29___youraxe?”thebossasked.“Ihadnotimetodothat,becauseIhavebeenverybusytryingtocuttrees…”answeredthewoodcutter.Our___30___arelikethat.Wesometimesgetsobusythatwedon't___31___timetosharpenthe“axe”inlife.Itseemsthateveryoneisbusierthanever,butless___32___thanever.Whyisthat?Coulditbethatwehaveforgottenhowto___33___“sharp”?There'snothingwrongwithactivityandhardwork.Butweallneedtosparesometimetorelax,tothinkandmeditate.tolearnand___34___.Ifwedon'ttakethetimetosharpenthe“axe”,wewillbecomedullandloseour___35___.21.A.called B.paid C.hunted D.waited22.A.health B.work C.nature D.environment23.A.determined B.attracted C.adapted D.supposed24.A.putaway B.cutdown C.broughtback D.cutup25.A.surprised B.frightened C.inspired D.puzzled26.A.stronger B.faster C.cleverer D.harder27.A.heart B.strength C.way D.function28.A.thanks B.goodbye C.sorry D.nothing29.A.repaired B.sharpened C.cleaned D.used30.A.lives B.dreams C.hobbies D.jobs31.A.waste B.take C.make D.kill32.A.positive B.anxious C.Active D.happy33.A.look B.feel C.stay D.turn34.A.grow B.perform C.compete D.apply35.A.interest B.activeness C.attractiveness D.effectiveness【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.B25.C26.D27.B28.C29.B30.A31.B32.D33.C34.A35.D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲解并描述了勤奋的年轻人因忽视磨斧的重要性，日复一日机械地工作，导致效率渐低的故事。它告知我们在日常生活中花时间去“磨斧”，生活才能够高效有质量地前进。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从前，一个特别强壮的樵夫在一家木材商那里想要找份工作，他得到了这份工作。A.called打电话；B.paid支付；C.hunted找寻，狩猎；D.waited等待。结合后文“forajobinawoodmerchantandhegotit”指樵夫想要在木材商人那里找份工作，huntfor“找寻”。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：工资特别高，工作条件也很好。A.health健康；B.work工作；C.nature自然；D.environment环境。结合上文“Thepaywasreallygoodandsowasthe”可知本句是在描述这份工作的工资待遇和工作条件。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：出于这些缘由，樵夫确定尽他最大的努力工作。A.determined确定；B.attracted吸引；C.adapted适应；D.supposed认为。依据后文“todohisbest”可推断，因为这份工资各方面条件不错，所以樵夫确定好好工作。bedeterminedtodosth.“决心做某事”。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：第一天，樵夫带来了18棵树，都是他自己砍倒的。A.putaway放好；B.cutdown砍倒；C.broughtback带回来；D.cutup切碎。结合上文“thewoodcutterbrought18trees”指砍倒了18棵树，应用cutdown。故选B。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：被老板的话深深打动了的樵夫，其次天更加努力了，但他只带回了15棵树。A.surprised惊异的；B.frightened胆怯 的；C.inspired鼓舞人心的；D.puzzled困惑的。结合上文““Congratulations!”thebosssaid,“Goonthatway!””以及后文“thewoodcuttertriedharderthenextday”可知老板的话鼓舞了樵夫，他其次更加努力了。故选C。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：第三天，他更努力了，但他只能带回10棵树。A.stronger更强的；B.faster更快的；C.cleverer更聪慧的；D.harder更努力的。对应上文“thewoodcuttertriedharderthenextday”指樵夫第三天比之前更加努力砍树。故选D。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：樵夫想：“我肯定是体力不行了。”A.heart心；B.strength体力，力气；C.way方法；D.function功能。结合上文“Dayafterdayhewasbringinglessandlesstrees.”可知樵夫砍的树越来越少，因此这种状况下他揣测是不是自己体力不行了，其他选项不符合语境。故选B。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他去找老板说对不起，并补充说他不明白是怎么回事。A.thanks感谢；B.goodbye再见；C.sorry对不起；D.nothing没有什么。结合上文“Hewenttothebossandsaid”可知砍树越来越少的樵夫去找老板说对不起。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你上次磨斧头是什么时候？”老板问。A.repaired修理；B.sharpened锐化，磨快；C.cleaned清理；D.used运用。此次对应后文中“sharpenthe“axe””指磨斧头，应用sharpen。故选B。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的生活也是这样。A.lives生活；B.dreams幻想；C.hobbies爱好；D.jobs工作。依据后文“tosharpenthe“axe”inlife”可知将故事与生活相比，道理是一样的。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候我们太忙了，以至于没有花时间去磨生活的“斧头”。A.waste奢侈；B.take带走，花费；C.make制作；D.kill杀死。依据后文“timetosharpenthe“axe”inlife”指花时间做某事，短语为taketimetodosth.。故选B。32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：好像每个人都比以前更忙，但却没有以前欢乐。A.positive主动的；B.anxious焦虑的；C.active活跃的；D.happy欢乐的。结合上文“Itseemsthateveryoneisbusierthanever