初升高英语暑假衔接第11讲 Unit3 Sports and Fitness 核心单词知识句型（教师版）

第11讲Unit3SportsandFitness目标1掌握重点单词和词块的用法。目标2认识并运用重点句型。核心单词讲解清单一----词表词汇速记（限时25分钟）1.setanexample树立榜样setanexampleto/forsb给某人树立榜样followone'sexample效仿某人；以某人为榜样take...forexample以……为例forexample/instance例如eg.WeChinesepeopleareallcalledontolearnfromLeiFeng,whowethinksetsanexampletousall.我们中国人都被号召向雷锋学习，我们认为他为我们树立了榜样。honour（又作honor）n.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸●It'sanhonourforsbtodosth对某人来说做某事很荣幸feelitanhonourtodosth为做某事感到荣幸inhonourof...向……表示敬意；为纪念……●be/feelhonouredtodosth做某事感到荣幸●honourableadj.可敬的；体面的honouredadj.受尊敬的eg.Lastbutnotleast,Ifeelitagreathonourtorepresentmyclasstotakepartinthegroupdancingcompetition.最后但同等重要的是，代表我们班参加团体舞比赛，我感到很荣幸。determinationn.决心；决定●withdetermination有决心●determinevt.决定；确定；下决心；影响determinetodosth决定做某事determineon/upon（doing）sth决定（做）某事●determinedadj.有决心的bedeterminedtodosth决心做某事（表示状态）【联想】“决定做某事”表达还有∶①decidetodosth②makeadecisiontodosth③makeupone'smindtodosthinjurevt.使受伤；损害（hurt）●injuredadj.受伤的；有伤的getinjured受伤theinjured伤员●injuryn.伤害；损伤doaninjurytosb伤害某人5.loseheart丧失信心；泄气loseone'sheartto某人倾心于……；爱上……putone'sheartinto某人专心于……heartandsoul全心全意；完全地learn...byheart记忆；背诵eg.Innosenseshouldyouloseheart;keeptryingandyouwillmakeitsoonerorlater.决不应丧失信心；继续努力，你迟早会成功的。6.strengthn.力量；体力；强项，优势（advantage）●havethestrengthtodosth有力量/意志做某事buildupone'sstrength/body增强某人的体力strengthsandweaknesses优势和劣势●strongadj，强壮的；坚强的strengthenvt，&vi，加强；巩固；增强【联想】-en后缀高频动词集锦；①shorten缩短②deepen加深③widen加宽④broaden加宽⑤lighten减轻⑥brighten变亮7.failuren.失败；失败的人（或事物）●endinfailure以失败而告终heartfailure心脏衰竭●failvi.失败failtodosth没做成某事【反义】successn.成功；succeedv.成功eg.Astheoldsayinggoes,failureisthemotherofsuccess.俗话说，失败是成功之母。8.giveup放弃；投降givein屈服；投降；让步；上交giveout分配；分发；用光；筋疲力尽giveoff放出；发出（光、热、气味或气体等）giveaway赠送；泄露；出卖giveback归还【同义】desert，quit，abandoncompetevi.竞争；对抗●competein参加……比赛；在……方面竞争competewith与……竞争competefor为……而竞争competewith/against...for...为争取……而与……竞争/对抗●competitionn.比赛；竞争competitiveadj.竞争的；有竞争力的competitorn.竞争者；对手【联想】“比赛”的表达还有∶match，contest，game，tournamentmakesense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚●makesenseof理解；明白makenosense没道理；没意义●inasense在某一方面；就某种意义来说innosense决不（位于句首时用部分倒装）●thereisnosense/pointindoingsth做某事没意义【联想】“决不”位于句首部分倒装短语荟萃；innoway,innocase,bynomeans,onnocondition,atnotime,onnoaccount,under/innocircumstancespretendvi.&vt.假装；装扮pretendtobe十名词/形容词假装是……pretendtodosth假装做某事pretendtobedoingsth假装正在做某事pretendtohavedonesth假装已经做了某事pretendthat从句假装……【联想】后接todo/tobedoing/tohavedone的动词还有∶happen，appear，seem，claim等。12.dietn.规定饮食；日常饮食vi.节食goonadiet节食，控制饮食（表动作）beonadiet在节食（表状态）abalanced/healthydiet均衡的/健康的饮食eg.Keepingabalanceddietandtakingexerciseregularlyarerecognizedasahealthylifestyle.均衡饮食和经常锻炼被认为是一种健康的生活方式。13.makeadifference有作用或影响●makeadifferenceto对……有作用或影响makesome/no/littledifference（to..）（对……）有/没有/很少有作用或影响●tellthedifference（between...and..）辨别/区分（……与……）eg.Onlywhenwematchourwordswithactionscanwemakeadifferenceinwhateverwehopetoaccomplish.只有我们言行一致才能对我们希望完成的事情有所贡献。14.ratherthan而不是●wouldratherdosththandosthwoulddosthratherthandosth宁愿……而不愿……prefertodosthratherthandosth●otherthan不同于；除了……外morethan多于；不仅仅；非常orrather更确切地说【点拨】ratherthan连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与前面的主语保持一致，即"就远原则"。cut….out停止做（或使用、食用）；剪下cutoff中止；切掉；使隔绝cutup切碎cutdown砍倒；削减；删节；缩小（尺寸、数量等）cutin插嘴；打断（谈话）；插入eg.Ifyoucutoutfatandsugarinyourfoods,youwillbemuchslimmer.如果你的食物中没有脂肪和糖的摄入，你就会更苗条。compare...with/to...与……比较compare…to…把……比喻为……comparedwith/to（独立成分作状语）和……相比较comparenoteswithsb与某人交换意见eg.Michael'snewhouseislikeahugepalace,comparedwithhisoldone.迈克尔的新房子和他的旧房子相比，就像一个巨大的宫殿。17.stressn.压力（pressure）；紧张；强调；重音vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安vi.焦虑不安●understress在压力下relievestress缓解压力put/place/laystresson/upon强调；着重于stressout焦虑不安；疲惫不堪●stressfuladj.有压力的（指物）stressedadj.感到有压力的（指人）eg.Ashasbeenstressedmanytimes,learningEnglishwellisofgreatimportancetoyourcareerdevelopmentinthefuture.正如我们多次强调的，学好英语对你未来的职业发展是非常重要的。Actually,alotofteenagersinChinaareundergreatstress.事实上，中国很多青少年都承受着巨大的压力。Ithinkthecompanyplacestoomuchstressoncostandnotenoughonquality.我认为公司对成本强调有余，而对质量重视不足。二、重点词块速记athomeandabroad国内外comealong跟随；到达；进步；赶快makeit获得成功；准时到达4.fallapart破裂；破碎；崩溃5.becauseofheartproblems因为心脏问题6.abigchallenge一个巨大挑战7.standstill站着不动；静止不动8.thesecrettohissuccess他成功的秘诀9.learnfromhisfailures从失败中吸取教训10.nowandthen有时；偶尔11.bepositiveaboutmyselfandmybody对我自己和我的身体积极自信12.track-and-fieldlovers田径爱好者13.comparemyselfwithactressesandmodels把自己与女演员和模特比较ane-sportsevent一个电子竞技活动hosttheYouthSkiRace主办青少年滑雪比赛16.sweatyourwaytogoodhealth流汗是健康之道17.loseweight减肥18.it'suptoyou由你决定19.bringhonourandglorytohercountry给她的国家带来名誉和荣耀20.worktogetherasateam齐心协力三、重点句型剖析1.Losingtwoimportantplayerswasabigchallenge,butLangPingdidnotloseheart.（v.-ing形式作主语）失去两位重要的运动员是一个巨大的挑战，但郎平并没有灰心。2.TheBoysandGirlsClubwhichhestartedinChicagohasbeenhelpingyoungpeoplesince1996.（have/hasbeendoing现在完成进行时）他在芝加哥所创建的"男孩女孩俱乐部"从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。3.Asoccerplayershouldnotpretendtofalldownevenifithelpshis/herteam.(evenif引导让步状语从句）尽管这对他/她的球队有帮助，足球运动员也不应该假装摔倒。4.Jordansaysthatthesecrettohissuccessislearningfromhisfailures.(thesecretto...is………的秘诀是……）乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从失败中学习。5.Theymustbeathleteswhoaremastersintheirsportsandalsosetgoodexamplesforothers.（人物描写）他们必须是他们（各自的）运动领域的高手，而且为其他人树立了很好的榜样。Inthefinalsecondsofagame,Jordanalwaysseemedtofindawaytowin.在一场比赛的最后几秒，乔丹似乎总能找到获胜的方法。句型公式|sb/sthseems/seemed+不定式（1）“主语＋seem＋不定式”意为“看起来……，好像……”；其中seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。（2）Itseems＋that从句（3）主语＋seem（tobe）＋表语（＋todo）用于说明主语的特征或状态，表语多为名词或形容词。（4）Itseemsasif/asthough….看起来好像……（5）Thereseemtobe+名词seem的单复数形式要根据后面名词的单复数形式而定。①ItseemsthatMaryhaschangedalotsinceshewenttouniversity.→Maryseemstohavechangedalotsinceshewenttouniversity.自从上大学以来，玛丽似乎改变了很多。②Itseemsdifficulttolearnsomanynewwordsbyheartinashorttime.似乎很难在短时间内把这么多生词背下来。③Itseemstobehumannaturetoworry.忧虑似乎是人的天性。④Thereseemstobenohopethatbusinesswillgetbetter.生意似乎没有好转的希望。考点一、核心单词语法填空Physical（fit）hasnowbecomeanimportantelementinourlives.Ifyouapproacheachofyourchallengeswithcreativitythenyourlifewillbefilledadventures.Werecommend（book）ticketsearly,asthisisapopularevent.Ididn'tthinkIcouldevergetusedto（live）inabigcityafterlivinginthecountry.Wehadtokeeptrackourbelongings,andifsomethingwaslost,itwasnotreplaced．Wealwaysbelievethatevery（honor）customerisveryimportant.Thesuccessor（fail）oftheplandependsonyou.ClimbingMountHuanghadbeenmydream,butitwasnotuntillastmonththatImanagedtomake.Theremustbesomethinghappenedtohim,butwedon’tknowwhatitis.Itmaytakeafewweeksforyoutobuildupyour（strong）again.11.Eveninaweakeconomy,businessesstillcompetetalent.12.Wecarefullycomparedthefirstreportthesecondone.13.Shepretends（be）interestedinopera,butit'sonlyforshow.14.Thereisnowintense（compete）betweenschoolstoattractstudents.15.Herhusbandbecamemuch（positive）thanbeforeandwassoonbackinfull-timeemployment.16.Thereare（similar）anddifferencesbetweentheteachingofthemothertongueandaforeignlanguage.17.ButIdobelievethatemotionscanandshouldplayaroledecision-making.18.Peoplefeelmoreandmore（cheat）andgetmoreandmoreangry.9.WhenIgoondiet,Ieatonlyfruit,andthattakesoffweightquickly.1.fitness2.with3.booking4.living5.of6.honorable7.failure8.it9.that10.strength11.for12.with13.tobe14.competition15.morepositive16.similarities17.in18.cheated19.a考点二、重点词块选词填空setanexample，giveup,comealong,athomeandabroad,takepartin,fallapart,loseheart,workoutTheplanwillifthereisnotenoughfinancialsupport.Hetoallofusbyriskinghislifetosavethedrowningboy.Thethreepartieswillmeetnextmonthtoremainingdifferences.Whenthingsaren'tgoingwell,heencouragesme,tellingmenotto.Heisunabletotoday'sbasketballgamebecauseofhisfootinjury.I’llworkattraining,nevergiveupandbereadyforthenextchancethat.Wheneverweareintrouble,wemustnever,buttrytothinkofthewayout.IamusedtoreadingChinaDailyeverymorning,asitcankeepmeinformedofthepresenteventsboth.1.fallapart2.setanexample3.workout4.giveup5.takepartin6.comealong7.loseheart8.athomeandabroad阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。【2022年浙江卷6月】Tounderstandapainting,we’retaughttolookforcolor,composition,andlight.Buthowcanapainting___36___(appreciate)bysomeonewho’sblind?Throughtouch,theonethinggallerysignstellyounot___37___(do).JohnOlson,aformer___38___(photograph)andhisteamturnpaintingsintofullytextured3Dmodels.Thetactile(可触知的)paintingsworkasawaytoshowartto___39___blindbecausewedon’tseewithjustOureyes:Weseewithourbrains.Researchinthefieldofneuroplasticity-thebrain’sadaptability-showsthatthevisualcortex(大脑皮层)ismadeactivebytouch.Blindpeoplerecognizeshapeswiththeir___40___(exist)senses,inawaysimilartothatof___41___(sight)people,saysEllaStriem-Amit,aHarvardscientist.LucGandarias,who’snowthirteen,wentblindsuddenly___42___ageseven.Whenhefelta3DversionofLeonardodaVinci’s“MonaLisa”he___43___(notice)hersmilerightaway.”Icanactuallyfeelwhatyouseewhenyoulookatit,”hesaid.ForLuc,thismeans___44___(independent)."Thefeelingofbeingabletoseeit___45___toformmyopinionislikebreakingdownanotherwallasablindperson.”【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式。36.beappreciated【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语apainting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。故填beappreciated。37.todo【解析】考查不定式。句意：通过触摸，这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tellsbnottodosth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填todo。38.photographer【解析】考查名词。句意：约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师，他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。单数名词做主语，根据句意表示“摄影师”，此处为单数概念，故填photographer。39.the【解析】考查冠词。句意：触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式，因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看；我们用大脑看。theblind“盲人”，the+形容词表示一类人。故填the。40.existing【解析】考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(EllaStriem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语，修饰sense。故填existing。41.sighted【解析】考查形容词。句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(EllaStriem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people，表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填sighted。42.at【解析】考查介词。句意：LucGandarias今年13岁，7岁时突然失明。表示在多大年龄时，用介词at。故填at。43.noticed【解析】考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“hefelt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。44.independence【解析】考查名词。句意：对卢克来说，这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作mean的宾语。故填independence。45.and【解析】考查连词。句意：能够看到它并形成我的观点的感觉就像盲人推倒了另一堵墙。根据句意可知，前后为并列关系，所以用and来连接。故填and。一、完形填空（湖北省鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟学校2022-2023学年高一上学期期中联考）RecentlymywifeandIwereflyingacrossthecountryandwereabouttoboardourflightwhenawomansittingacrossfromusatthegatehadamedicalepisode.Icamebackfromtherestroomandsatdownnexttomywife,who1tomeandwhispered“somethingis2”.Thewomanwasslumpingovermoreandmoreandquicklylost3ofherbody.Ijumpedupandcrouchedinfrontofher,askingifshewasokay.I4myselfasDr.Joeandaskedhername.Let’scallherJackietoprotecther5.ItoldMissJackiethatI’machiropractor,notamedicaldoctor,butI’mhereforhertohelpinanywaysheneeds.InonehandI6hersandwithmyotherhandIsupportedherhead,7askingwhatwashappening.Sherevealedthatshehadaconditionwhere,whenherbodyisexposedtoalotofstressandstimulus,herbodygoesintoaparasympathetic(副交感神经)overdrive.Jackie8tomethatshe’shadthisconditionforthirtyyearsandwillbe“perfectlyfineinjustabit”.Shesaidsheforgothermedical9athomewhensheflewacrossthecountrytovisitherdaughterandgrandkids.Iaskedherifsheneededhelpsittingupandneededawheelchairtoboardtheplane,tobothofwhichshesaidyes.Iaskedmywifeto10agateagentandrequestawheelchair.IstayedbehindtoensureJackie11safelyonboard,butduetosome12,thegateagent,andamanager,thoughtJackiewashavingastroke(中风).IadvocatedforJackie,explainingthat,despiteherforgettingherpapers,herconditionwill13ease.Theemployeesoftheairlineagreedtoletherboardwithmyassistanceand,justlikeJackiesaid,shewasperfectlyfinewithinmerelytwentyminutes.Fortunately,Jackiejustneededsomeonetolistentoherandfightforher.Don’tbe14toreachouttostrangersand15.Everyonehastheirownbattlesandstruggles,sometimeswejustneedsomeonetocare.1．A．pulledover B．stoodup C．leanedin D．lookedforward2．A．amazing B．extreme C．challenging D．wrong3．A．track B．control C．contact D．power4．A．viewed B．admired C．introduced D．pretended5．A．identity B．detail C．personality D．grace6．A．packed B．accommodated C．held D．sheltered7．A．contentedly B．formally C．awkwardly D．carefully8．A．explained B．lectured C．summarized D．commented9．A．registrationforms B．applicationforms C．papers D．schedules10．A．arrange B．fetch C．collect D．address11．A．madeit B．gotit C．boughtit D．askedforit12．A．misinformation B．miscommunication C．misbehavior D．misadventure13．A．gradually B．finally C．rapidly D．impressively14．A．afraid B．anxious C．annoyed D．curious15．A．watchout B．workout C．checkout D．helpout1．C2．D3．B4．C5．A6．C7．D8．A9．C10．B11．A12．B13．C14．A15．D【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和妻子在准备登机时，看到对面的一位女士身体出了一点状况。随后他们帮助了那位女士，最终那位女士恢复了正常。1．考查动词词组辨析。句意：我从洗手间回来，坐在我妻子旁边，她靠过来小声对我说:“有点不对劲。”A.pulledover靠路边停车；B.stoodup站起来；C.leanedin前倾；D.lookedforward期待。根据后文的“whispered“somethingis2”.”可知，妻子对“我”耳边私语，所以是靠了过来。故选C项。2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我从洗手间回来，坐在我妻子旁边，她靠过来小声对我说:“有点不对劲。”A.amazing令人大为惊奇的；B.extreme极端的；C.challenging挑战性的；D.wrong不正常的。根据前文“awomansittingacrossfromusatthegatehadamedicalepisode”可知，“我”对面的女人有医疗问题，有点不对劲。故选D项。3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个女人越陷越深，很快就失去了对身体的控制。A.track踪迹；B.control控制权；C.contact联系；D.power能力。根据后文“Ijumpedupandcrouchedinfrontofher,askingifshewasokay.”可知，“我”蹲在她面前，问她是否还好，可推知，女人越来越糟，失去了对身体的控制。故选B项。4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我自我介绍说我是医生乔，并问她的名字。A.viewed观看；B.admired钦佩；C.introduced介绍；D.pretended假装。根据后文“andaskedhername”可知，在“我”问她的名字前，应该先自我介绍。故选C项。5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了保护她的身份，我们就叫她Jackie吧。A.identity身份；B.detail细节；C.personality性格；D.grace优雅。根据前文“Let’scallherJackietoprotect”可推知，是为了保护她的身份，才叫另外的名字。故选A项。6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一只手握住她的手，另一只手托着她的头，小心地问发生了什么事。A.packed包裹；B.accommodated容纳；C.held握住；D.sheltered掩蔽。根据前文“Inonehand”以及后文的“hers”可知此处指的是女人的手，所以此处应该是“我”握着她的手。故选C项。7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我一只手握住她的手，另一只手托着她的头，小心地问发生了什么事。A.contentedly满足地；B.formally正式地；C.awkwardly尴尬地；D.carefully小心地。根据前文“InonehandI6hersandwithmyotherhandIsupportedherhead”“我”的动作可以推断出，“我”是小心地问女人。故选D项。8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jackie向我解释说，她的这种病已经有30年了，“过一会儿就会完全好起来”。A.explained解释；B.lectured开讲座；C.summarized总结；D.commented评论。根据后文“she’shadthisconditionforthirtyyearsandwillbe“perfectlyfineinjustabit”.”可知，此处是Jackie在向“我”解释她的病情。故选A项。9．考查名词词组和词义辨析。句意：她说，当她飞到另一个国家去看女儿和孙子孙女时，她把医学报告忘在家里了。A.registrationforms登记表；B.applicationforms申请表；C.papers报告；D.schedules工作计划。根据后文“IadvocatedforJackie,explainingthat,despiteherforgettingherpapers”可知，她把证明自己病情的医学报告忘在家了。故选C项。10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我让我的妻子去叫一个登机口的工作人员，要一辆轮椅。A.arrange安排；B.fetch请来；C.collect收集；D.address致函。根据后文“requestawheelchair”可知是请来登机口的工作人员，要求一辆轮椅。故选B项。11．考查动词词组辨析。句意：我留下来确保Jackie能安全上飞机，但由于一些沟通失误，登机口的工作人员和经理认为Jackie中风了。A.madeit(经历艰难困苦后)成功；B.gotit知道了；C.boughtit买了它；D.askedforit自找麻烦。根据后文“Theemployeesoftheairlineagreedtoletherboardwithmyassistance”可知，“我”留下来是为了确保Jackie能成功的安全上飞机。故选A项。12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我留下来确保Jackie能安全上飞机，但由于一些沟通失误，登机口的工作人员和经理认为Jackie中风了。A.misinformation误传；B.miscommunication沟通不良；C.misbehavior不当行为；D.misadventure恶运。根据后文“thegateagent,andamanager,thoughtJackiewashavingastroke”机场人员认为Jackie中风，可推知，是因为沟通不良的原因。故选B项。13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我为Jackie辩护，解释说，尽管她忘了带报告，但她的病情会很快好转。A.gradually逐步地；B.finally最后；C.rapidly迅速地；D.impressively令人难忘地。根据后文“shewasperfectlyfinewithinmerelytwentyminutes.”可知，Jackie很快就恢复了。故选C项。14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要害怕向陌生人伸出援手。A.afraid害怕；B.anxious焦虑的；C.annoyed恼怒的；D.curious好奇的。根据后文“Everyonehastheirownbattlesandstruggles,sometimeswejustneedsomeonetocare.”可知，每个人都有需要他人关心的时候，所以不要害怕帮助他人。故选A项。15．考查动词词组辨析。句意：不要害怕向陌生人伸出援手。A.watchout小心；B.workout锻炼；C.checkout结账离开；D.helpout帮助。根据后文“Everyonehastheirownbattlesandstruggles,sometimeswejustneedsomeonetocare.”可知，每个人都有需要他人关心的时候，所以不要害怕帮助他人。故选D项。二、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。（广东省佛山市顺德区第一中学2022-2023学年高一上学期新生入学考试）IamnowonmyyearabroadinGermanyaspartofmyuniversitycourse.Atthebeginningofmytimehere,Ihadthechancetomeetsomanynewpeopleandmakelotsofnew1(friend).Itisalmostlike2(start)anewlifeandcanmakeyoufeelnervousandlonelyatfirst.ButIknewthatwhenImovedtoGermanyIhadtobeopenandfriendly.Thisis3(certa