初升高英语暑假衔接第11讲 Unit3 Sports and Fitness 核心单词知识句型（学生版）

第11讲Unit3SportsandFitness目标1掌握重点单词和词块的用法。目标2认识并运用重点句型。核心单词讲解清单一----词表词汇速记（限时25分钟）1.setanexample树立榜样setanexampleto/forsb给某人树立榜样followone'sexample效仿某人；以某人为榜样take...forexample以……为例forexample/instance例如eg.WeChinesepeopleareallcalledontolearnfromLeiFeng,whowethinksetsanexampletousall.我们中国人都被号召向雷锋学习，我们认为他为我们树立了榜样。honour（又作honor）n.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸●It'sanhonourforsbtodosth对某人来说做某事很荣幸feelitanhonourtodosth为做某事感到荣幸inhonourof...向……表示敬意；为纪念……●be/feelhonouredtodosth做某事感到荣幸●honourableadj.可敬的；体面的honouredadj.受尊敬的eg.Lastbutnotleast,Ifeelitagreathonourtorepresentmyclasstotakepartinthegroupdancingcompetition.最后但同等重要的是，代表我们班参加团体舞比赛，我感到很荣幸。determinationn.决心；决定●withdetermination有决心●determinevt.决定；确定；下决心；影响determinetodosth决定做某事determineon/upon（doing）sth决定（做）某事●determinedadj.有决心的bedeterminedtodosth决心做某事（表示状态）【联想】“决定做某事”表达还有∶①decidetodosth②makeadecisiontodosth③makeupone'smindtodosthinjurevt.使受伤；损害（hurt）●injuredadj.受伤的；有伤的getinjured受伤theinjured伤员●injuryn.伤害；损伤doaninjurytosb伤害某人5.loseheart丧失信心；泄气loseone'sheartto某人倾心于……；爱上……putone'sheartinto某人专心于……heartandsoul全心全意；完全地learn...byheart记忆；背诵eg.Innosenseshouldyouloseheart;keeptryingandyouwillmakeitsoonerorlater.决不应丧失信心；继续努力，你迟早会成功的。6.strengthn.力量；体力；强项，优势（advantage）●havethestrengthtodosth有力量/意志做某事buildupone'sstrength/body增强某人的体力strengthsandweaknesses优势和劣势●strongadj，强壮的；坚强的strengthenvt，&vi，加强；巩固；增强【联想】-en后缀高频动词集锦；①shorten缩短②deepen加深③widen加宽④broaden加宽⑤lighten减轻⑥brighten变亮7.failuren.失败；失败的人（或事物）●endinfailure以失败而告终heartfailure心脏衰竭●failvi.失败failtodosth没做成某事【反义】successn.成功；succeedv.成功eg.Astheoldsayinggoes,failureisthemotherofsuccess.俗话说，失败是成功之母。8.giveup放弃；投降givein屈服；投降；让步；上交giveout分配；分发；用光；筋疲力尽giveoff放出；发出（光、热、气味或气体等）giveaway赠送；泄露；出卖giveback归还【同义】desert，quit，abandoncompetevi.竞争；对抗●competein参加……比赛；在……方面竞争competewith与……竞争competefor为……而竞争competewith/against...for...为争取……而与……竞争/对抗●competitionn.比赛；竞争competitiveadj.竞争的；有竞争力的competitorn.竞争者；对手【联想】“比赛”的表达还有∶match，contest，game，tournamentmakesense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚●makesenseof理解；明白makenosense没道理；没意义●inasense在某一方面；就某种意义来说innosense决不（位于句首时用部分倒装）●thereisnosense/pointindoingsth做某事没意义【联想】“决不”位于句首部分倒装短语荟萃；innoway,innocase,bynomeans,onnocondition,atnotime,onnoaccount,under/innocircumstancespretendvi.&vt.假装；装扮pretendtobe十名词/形容词假装是……pretendtodosth假装做某事pretendtobedoingsth假装正在做某事pretendtohavedonesth假装已经做了某事pretendthat从句假装……【联想】后接todo/tobedoing/tohavedone的动词还有∶happen，appear，seem，claim等。12.dietn.规定饮食；日常饮食vi.节食goonadiet节食，控制饮食（表动作）beonadiet在节食（表状态）abalanced/healthydiet均衡的/健康的饮食eg.Keepingabalanceddietandtakingexerciseregularlyarerecognizedasahealthylifestyle.均衡饮食和经常锻炼被认为是一种健康的生活方式。13.makeadifference有作用或影响●makeadifferenceto对……有作用或影响makesome/no/littledifference（to..）（对……）有/没有/很少有作用或影响●tellthedifference（between...and..）辨别/区分（……与……）eg.Onlywhenwematchourwordswithactionscanwemakeadifferenceinwhateverwehopetoaccomplish.只有我们言行一致才能对我们希望完成的事情有所贡献。14.ratherthan而不是●wouldratherdosththandosthwoulddosthratherthandosth宁愿……而不愿……prefertodosthratherthandosth●otherthan不同于；除了……外morethan多于；不仅仅；非常orrather更确切地说【点拨】ratherthan连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与前面的主语保持一致，即"就远原则"。cut….out停止做（或使用、食用）；剪下cutoff中止；切掉；使隔绝cutup切碎cutdown砍倒；削减；删节；缩小（尺寸、数量等）cutin插嘴；打断（谈话）；插入eg.Ifyoucutoutfatandsugarinyourfoods,youwillbemuchslimmer.如果你的食物中没有脂肪和糖的摄入，你就会更苗条。compare...with/to...与……比较compare…to…把……比喻为……comparedwith/to（独立成分作状语）和……相比较comparenoteswithsb与某人交换意见eg.Michael'snewhouseislikeahugepalace,comparedwithhisoldone.迈克尔的新房子和他的旧房子相比，就像一个巨大的宫殿。17.stressn.压力（pressure）；紧张；强调；重音vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安vi.焦虑不安●understress在压力下relievestress缓解压力put/place/laystresson/upon强调；着重于stressout焦虑不安；疲惫不堪●stressfuladj.有压力的（指物）stressedadj.感到有压力的（指人）eg.Ashasbeenstressedmanytimes,learningEnglishwellisofgreatimportancetoyourcareerdevelopmentinthefuture.正如我们多次强调的，学好英语对你未来的职业发展是非常重要的。Actually,alotofteenagersinChinaareundergreatstress.事实上，中国很多青少年都承受着巨大的压力。Ithinkthecompanyplacestoomuchstressoncostandnotenoughonquality.我认为公司对成本强调有余，而对质量重视不足。二、重点词块速记athomeandabroad国内外comealong跟随；到达；进步；赶快makeit获得成功；准时到达4.fallapart破裂；破碎；崩溃5.becauseofheartproblems因为心脏问题6.abigchallenge一个巨大挑战7.standstill站着不动；静止不动8.thesecrettohissuccess他成功的秘诀9.learnfromhisfailures从失败中吸取教训10.nowandthen有时；偶尔11.bepositiveaboutmyselfandmybody对我自己和我的身体积极自信12.track-and-fieldlovers田径爱好者13.comparemyselfwithactressesandmodels把自己与女演员和模特比较ane-sportsevent一个电子竞技活动hosttheYouthSkiRace主办青少年滑雪比赛16.sweatyourwaytogoodhealth流汗是健康之道17.loseweight减肥18.it'suptoyou由你决定19.bringhonourandglorytohercountry给她的国家带来名誉和荣耀20.worktogetherasateam齐心协力三、重点句型剖析1.Losingtwoimportantplayerswasabigchallenge,butLangPingdidnotloseheart.（v.-ing形式作主语）失去两位重要的运动员是一个巨大的挑战，但郎平并没有灰心。2.TheBoysandGirlsClubwhichhestartedinChicagohasbeenhelpingyoungpeoplesince1996.（have/hasbeendoing现在完成进行时）他在芝加哥所创建的"男孩女孩俱乐部"从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。3.Asoccerplayershouldnotpretendtofalldownevenifithelpshis/herteam.(evenif引导让步状语从句）尽管这对他/她的球队有帮助，足球运动员也不应该假装摔倒。4.Jordansaysthatthesecrettohissuccessislearningfromhisfailures.(thesecretto...is………的秘诀是……）乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从失败中学习。5.Theymustbeathleteswhoaremastersintheirsportsandalsosetgoodexamplesforothers.（人物描写）他们必须是他们（各自的）运动领域的高手，而且为其他人树立了很好的榜样。Inthefinalsecondsofagame,Jordanalwaysseemedtofindawaytowin.在一场比赛的最后几秒，乔丹似乎总能找到获胜的方法。句型公式|sb/sthseems/seemed+不定式（1）“主语＋seem＋不定式”意为“看起来……，好像……”；其中seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。（2）Itseems＋that从句（3）主语＋seem（tobe）＋表语（＋todo）用于说明主语的特征或状态，表语多为名词或形容词。（4）Itseemsasif/asthough….看起来好像……（5）Thereseemtobe+名词seem的单复数形式要根据后面名词的单复数形式而定。①ItseemsthatMaryhaschangedalotsinceshewenttouniversity.→Maryseemstohavechangedalotsinceshewenttouniversity.自从上大学以来，玛丽似乎改变了很多。②Itseemsdifficulttolearnsomanynewwordsbyheartinashorttime.似乎很难在短时间内把这么多生词背下来。③Itseemstobehumannaturetoworry.忧虑似乎是人的天性。④Thereseemstobenohopethatbusinesswillgetbetter.生意似乎没有好转的希望。考点一、核心单词语法填空Physical（fit）hasnowbecomeanimportantelementinourlives.Ifyouapproacheachofyourchallengeswithcreativitythenyourlifewillbefilledadventures.Werecommend（book）ticketsearly,asthisisapopularevent.Ididn'tthinkIcouldevergetusedto（live）inabigcityafterlivinginthecountry.Wehadtokeeptrackourbelongings,andifsomethingwaslost,itwasnotreplaced．Wealwaysbelievethatevery（honor）customerisveryimportant.Thesuccessor（fail）oftheplandependsonyou.ClimbingMountHuanghadbeenmydream,butitwasnotuntillastmonththatImanagedtomake.Theremustbesomethinghappenedtohim,butwedon’tknowwhatitis.Itmaytakeafewweeksforyoutobuildupyour（strong）again.11.Eveninaweakeconomy,businessesstillcompetetalent.12.Wecarefullycomparedthefirstreportthesecondone.13.Shepretends（be）interestedinopera,butit'sonlyforshow.14.Thereisnowintense（compete）betweenschoolstoattractstudents.15.Herhusbandbecamemuch（positive）thanbeforeandwassoonbackinfull-timeemployment.16.Thereare（similar）anddifferencesbetweentheteachingofthemothertongueandaforeignlanguage.17.ButIdobelievethatemotionscanandshouldplayaroledecision-making.18.Peoplefeelmoreandmore（cheat）andgetmoreandmoreangry.9.WhenIgoondiet,Ieatonlyfruit,andthattakesoffweightquickly.考点二、重点词块选词填空setanexample，giveup,comealong,athomeandabroad,takepartin,fallapart,loseheart,workoutTheplanwillifthereisnotenoughfinancialsupport.Hetoallofusbyriskinghislifetosavethedrowningboy.Thethreepartieswillmeetnextmonthtoremainingdifferences.Whenthingsaren'tgoingwell,heencouragesme,tellingmenotto.Heisunabletotoday'sbasketballgamebecauseofhisfootinjury.I’llworkattraining,nevergiveupandbereadyforthenextchancethat.Wheneverweareintrouble,wemustnever,buttrytothinkofthewayout.IamusedtoreadingChinaDailyeverymorning,asitcankeepmeinformedofthepresenteventsboth.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。【2022年浙江卷6月】Tounderstandapainting,we’retaughttolookforcolor,composition,andlight.Buthowcanapainting___36___(appreciate)bysomeonewho’sblind?Throughtouch,theonethinggallerysignstellyounot___37___(do).JohnOlson,aformer___38___(photograph)andhisteamturnpaintingsintofullytextured3Dmodels.Thetactile(可触知的)paintingsworkasawaytoshowartto___39___blindbecausewedon’tseewithjustOureyes:Weseewithourbrains.Researchinthefieldofneuroplasticity-thebrain’sadaptability-showsthatthevisualcortex(大脑皮层)ismadeactivebytouch.Blindpeoplerecognizeshapeswiththeir___40___(exist)senses,inawaysimilartothatof___41___(sight)people,saysEllaStriem-Amit,aHarvardscientist.LucGandarias,who’snowthirteen,wentblindsuddenly___42___ageseven.Whenhefelta3DversionofLeonardodaVinci’s“MonaLisa”he___43___(notice)hersmilerightaway.”Icanactuallyfeelwhatyouseewhenyoulookatit,”hesaid.ForLuc,thismeans___44___(independent)."Thefeelingofbeingabletoseeit___45___toformmyopinionislikebreakingdownanotherwallasablindperson.”一、完形填空（湖北省鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟学校2022-2023学年高一上学期期中联考）RecentlymywifeandIwereflyingacrossthecountryandwereabouttoboardourflightwhenawomansittingacrossfromusatthegatehadamedicalepisode.Icamebackfromtherestroomandsatdownnexttomywife,who1tomeandwhispered“somethingis2”.Thewomanwasslumpingovermoreandmoreandquicklylost3ofherbody.Ijumpedupandcrouchedinfrontofher,askingifshewasokay.I4myselfasDr.Joeandaskedhername.Let’scallherJackietoprotecther5.ItoldMissJackiethatI’machiropractor,notamedicaldoctor,butI’mhereforhertohelpinanywaysheneeds.InonehandI6hersandwithmyotherhandIsupportedherhead,7askingwhatwashappening.Sherevealedthatshehadaconditionwhere,whenherbodyisexposedtoalotofstressandstimulus,herbodygoesintoaparasympathetic(副交感神经)overdrive.Jackie8tomethatshe’shadthisconditionforthirtyyearsandwillbe“perfectlyfineinjustabit”.Shesaidsheforgothermedical9athomewhensheflewacrossthecountrytovisitherdaughterandgrandkids.Iaskedherifsheneededhelpsittingupandneededawheelchairtoboardtheplane,tobothofwhichshesaidyes.Iaskedmywifeto10agateagentandrequestawheelchair.IstayedbehindtoensureJackie11safelyonboard,butduetosome12,thegateagent,andamanager,thoughtJackiewashavingastroke(中风).IadvocatedforJackie,explainingthat,despiteherforgettingherpapers,herconditionwill13ease.Theemployeesoftheairlineagreedtoletherboardwithmyassistanceand,justlikeJackiesaid,shewasperfectlyfinewithinmerelytwentyminutes.Fortunately,Jackiejustneededsomeonetolistentoherandfightforher.Don’tbe14toreachouttostrangersand15.Everyonehastheirownbattlesandstruggles,sometimeswejustneedsomeonetocare.1．A．pulledover B．stoodup C．leanedin D．lookedforward2．A．amazing B．extreme C．challenging D．wrong3．A．track B．control C．contact D．power4．A．viewed B．admired C．introduced D．pretended5．A．identity B．detail C．personality D．grace6．A．packed B．accommodated C．held D．sheltered7．A．contentedly B．formally C．awkwardly D．carefully8．A．explained B．lectured C．summarized D．commented9．A．registrationforms B．applicationforms C．papers D．schedules10．A．arrange B．fetch C．collect D．address11．A．madeit B．gotit C．boughtit D．askedforit12．A．misinformation B．miscom