职称英语卫生类a级模拟53

职称英语卫生类A级模拟53

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均匀1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为

接近的选项。

1>Theyagreedtomodifytheirpolicy.

A.clarifyB.change

C.defineD.develop

2、Asawriter,heturnedoutthreenovelsthatyear.

A.refusedB.read

C,producedD.accepted

3、Tearsofanguishfilledhereyes.

A.annoyanceB.anger

C.distressD.depression

4、Godisbelievedtobeomnipotent.

A.all-powerfulB.everlasting

C.importantD.extraordinary

5、Thecompanyrecommendedthatanewgasstationbebuilthere.

A.orderedB.insisted

C.suggestedD.demanded

6、Itisabsurdtopredictthatthesunwillnotrisetomorrow.

A.ridiculousB.funny

C.oddD.foolish

7>Doctorsarerequiredtokeeppatients1recordscompletelyconfidential.

A.detailedB.secret

C.accurateD.confident

8、Weconsumealotmorethanweareabletoproduce.

A.wasteB,buy

C.useD.sell

9、Youhavetobepatientifyouwanttosustainyourposition.

A.maintainB.establish

C.acquireD,support

10、Shegaveusanambiguousanswer.

A.apparentB.unclear

C.appallingD.indifferent

11>Itisnoteasytoremaintranquilwheneventssuddenlychangeyourlife.

A.calmB.upset

C.steadyD.severe

12>Itwasverythoughtfulofyoutomakeallthenecessaryarrangementsfor

us.

A.conservativeB.considerate

C.romanticD.independent

13>Agoodemployergiveshintstohisorheremployeeswithoutinterfering

withtheircreativity.

A.freedomB.assistance

C.cluesD.funds

14、TheaccidenthasnotdoneanyDermanentdamage.

A.temporaryB.lasting

C.mobileD.sticky

15、Ifwoolisputintohotwater,ittendstoshrink.

A.disappearB.expand

C.breakD.contract

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句

提供的是正确的信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的

信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

SleepProblemsPlaguetheOlderSet

OlderAmericansoftenhavedifficultygettingagoodnight1srest.It*s

ahugequality-of-lifeproblem,expertssay,becausecontrarytopopularbelief,

seniorsrequireaboutthesameamountofsleepasyoungeradults.

“Sleepproblemsandsleepdisordersarenotaninherent（固有的）partof

aging,nsaidDr.HarrisonG.Bloom,anassociateclinicalprofessorof

geriatrics（老年病学）andmedicineattheMountSinaiSchoolofMedicinein

NewYorkCity."It1sprettymuchofamyththatolderpeopleneedlesssleep

thanyoungerpeople."

YetinastudypublishedrecentlyinTheAmericanJournalofMedicinez

researchersfoundthatmorethanhalfofolderAmericanshaveproblemsgetting

thesleeptheyneed.

OlderpeopletendtohaveHsleepfragmentation",meaningtheywakeupmore

oftenduringthenight,saidstudyauthorDr.JulieGammck,anassistant

professorofmedicineintheDivisionofGeriatricMedicineatSt.Louis

University.

Theyalsoseemtogetless"REM"sleep,thetypeofsleepduringwhich

rapideyemovementoccurszBloomadded.

It1sunclearwhatrolethesenaturallyoccurringchangesinsleeppatterns

haveonaperson1squalityoflife,Bloomsaid."Whatisimportant,though,

isthatolderpeopleoftenhaveactualsleepdisordersandproblemswithsleep,"

hesaid.

And,expertssay,thereisusuallymorethanonecause.

“Sleeptroubleinolderadultsistypicallyassociatedwithacuteandchronic

illnesses,includingspecificsleepdisorderslikesleepapnea（呼吸暂停）and

restlesslegsyndromethatappearwithgreaterfrequencyinolderpopulations，"

saidMichaelV.Vitiello,aprofessorofpsychiatryandbehavioralsciences

andassociatedirectoroftheUniversityofWashington1sNorthwestGeriatric

EducationCenter.

Takingmultiplemedications,asmanyolderpeopledo,canalsoleadto

fatigueand"hypersomnian,orbeingtiredallthetime,Bloomadded.

Anotherbigproblem,henoted,isdepressionandanxiety."Thosearevery

commonlyassociatedwithsleepproblems."

Despitetheprevalence（流行）ofsleepdifficultiesinolderadults,many

patientsaren*tgettingthehelptheyneed.Asaresult,problemslikeinsomnia

（失眠），restlesslegsyndromeandsleepapneaareunderdiagnosedand

undertreated,Bloomsaid.

16、Sleepproblemscanseriouslyaffectone1squalityoflife.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17NItistruethatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyoungerpeople.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18>YoungerpeopleinAmericaseldomcomplainofsleepdisorders.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19>ThenumberofolderAmericanswithsleepproblemsisnotsmall.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20>"Sleepfragmentation"referstoamarkedlackof"REM"sleep.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Thecausesofsleepproblemsinolderpeopleremainunidentified.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、ActionswillsoonbetakeninAmericatobetterhelppeoplewithsleep

problems.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：⑴第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1〜4段每

段选择1个最佳标题；⑵第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选

项。

WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage

1Ananimalthatinfluencedscientificthoughthasdied.Achimpanzee

namedWashoeandborninAfricadiedofnaturalcauseslatelastmonthat

theageof42ataresearchcenterintheAmericanstateofWashington.Washoe

hadbecomeknowninthescientificcommunityandaroundtheworldforher

abilitytouseAmericansignlanguage.Shewassaidtobethefirstnon-human

tolearnahumanlanguage.Herskillsalsoledtodebateaboutprimatesand

theirabilitytounderstandlanguage.

2ResearchscientistsAllenandBeatrixGardnerbeganteachingWashoe

signlanguagein1966.In1969,theGardnersdescribedWashoe1sprogressin

ascientificreport.ThepeoplewhoexperimentedwithWashoesaidshegrew

tounderstandabout250words.ForexamplezWashoemadesignstocommunicate

whenitwastimetoeat.Shecouldrequestfoodslikeapplesandbananas.

Shealsoaskedquestionslike,"Whoiscomingtoplay?HOncethenewsabout

Washoespread,manylanguagescientistsbeganstudiesoftheirownintothis

newandexcitingareaofresearch.Thewholedirectionofprimateresearch

changed.

3However,criticsarguedWashoeonlylearnedtorepeatsignlanguage

movementsfromwatchingherteachers.Theysaidshehadneverdevelopedtrue

languageskills.Evennowtherearesomeresearcherswhosuggestthatprimates

learnsignlanguageonlybymemory,andperformthesignsonlyforprizes.

YetWashoe*skeepersdisagree.RogerFoursisaformerstudentoftheGardners.

HetookWashoetoaresearchcenterinEllensburg,Washington.There,Washoe

taughtsignlanguagetothreeyoungerchimpanzees,whicharestillalive.

4ScientistslikeprivateresearcherJaneGoodallbelieveWashoe

providednewinformationaboutthementalworkingsofchimpanzees.Today,

therearenotasmanyscientistsstudyinglanguageskillswithchimps.Part

ofthereasonisthatthiskindofresearchtakesaverylongtime.

5Debatecontinuesaboutchimps1understandingofhumancommunication.

Yetzonethingissure—Washoechangedpopularideasaboutthepossibilities

ofanimalintelligence.

23、A.Reasonwhynotmanyscientistscarryoutthisresearchnowadays

B.ReportaboutWashoe*sprogressinlearningsignlanguage

C.GeneralinformationaboutWashoe

D.TheGardners*contributionsrecognized

E.Debateonchimps*intelligence

F.Washoe*sloveforthreeyoungchimps

Paragraph1

24、Paragraph2

25、Paragraph3

26、Paragraph4

27、A.iftheGardners1argumentwassound

B.becauseshewasclevererthanotherchimps

C.whenshewantedtoeat

D.whileshewasataresearchcenterinEllensburg

E.becauseshecouldusesignlanguagetoaskforfruits

F.whileWashoewaslearningsignlanguage

Washoecouldmakesignstocommunicate.

28、Somescientistsdoubted.

29、Washoetaughtthreeyoungerchimpssignlanguage.

30、TheexperimentersthoughtWashoewasintelligent.

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

笙——笛

IQ-gene

IntheangrydebateoverhowmuchofIQcomesfromthegenesthatchildren

inheritfromparentsandhowmuchcomesfromexperiences,onelittlefact

getsoverlooked：noonehasidentifiedanygenes(otherthanthosethatcause

retardation)thataffectintelligence.SoresearchersledbyRobertPlomin

ofLondon1sInstituteofPsychiatrydecidedtolookforsome.Theyfigured

n

thatifyouwanttofindasmartgene"zyoushouldlookinsmartkids.They

thereforeexaminedtheDNAofstudentslikethosewhoaresobrightthatthey

takecollegeentranceexamsfouryearsearly-andstillscoreat

nn

Princeton-caliberlevels.Thescientistsfoundwhattheysought.Wehavez

saysPlomin,nthefirstspecificgeneeverassociatedwithgeneral

intelligence.n

Plomin*scolleaguesdrewbloodfromtwogroupsof51childreneach,all

6to15yearsoldandlivinginsixcountiesaroundCleveland.Inonegroup,

theaverageIQis103.Allthechildrenarewhite.Isolatingthebloodcellsz

theresearchersthenexaminedeachchild1schromosome6.Ofthe37landmarks

onchromosome6thattheresearcherslookedfor,onejumpedout：aformof

genecalledIGF2Roccurredintwiceasmanychildreninthehigh-IQgroup

asintheaveragegroup—32percentversus16percent.Thestudy,intheMay

issueofthejournalPsychologicalScience,concludesthatitisthisform

oftheIGF2Rgenethatcontributestointelligence.

SomegeneticistsseemajorproblemswiththeIQ-genestudy.Oneisthe

possibilitythatPlomin*sgroupfellfor"chopsticksfallacy',.Geneticists

mightthinkthey1vefoundageneforchopsticksflexibility,butallthey1ve

reallyfoundisagenemorecommoninAsiansthan,sayzAfricans.Similarly,

Plomin*sIQgenemightsimplybeonethatismorecommoningroupsthatemphasize

academicachievement."Whatisthegenethatthey'vefoundreflectsethnicity?n

asksgeneticistAndrewFeinbergofJohnsHopkinsUniversity.nThatalonemight

explainthelinktointelligence,sinceIQtestsareknownforbeingculturally

sensitiveandaffectedbyachild'senvironment."AndNeilRischofStandford

Universitypointsoutthatifyoulookfor37genesonachromosome,asthe

researchersdid,andfindthatoneismorecommoninsmarterkidszthatmight

reflectpurechanceratherthanacausallinkbetweenthegeneandintelligence.

WarnsFeinberg："工wouldtakethesefindingswithawholeboxofsalt.n

31、InthebeginningofParagraph1wearetoldthatscientistscannotagree

A.howmuchofIQcomesfromintelligence

B.howmanychildreninheritgenesfromparents

C.howmuchofIQcomesfromgenes

D.howmanychildrenlearnbyexperience

32、Whatdoes"someHinthesecondsentenceofParagraph1standfor?

A.Parents.

B.Children.

C.Experiences.

D.Genes.

33、Ageneforchopsticksflexibilityisfoundtobe

A.unrelatedtotheabilitytousechopsticks

B.relatedtotheabilitytousechopsticks

C.unrelatedtotheabilitytouseforks

D.relatedtotheabilitytouseforks

34、Plomin1sIQ-genestudyissimilartothechopsticksgenefindinginthat

A.theremaynotbeacausallinkbetweengeneandintelligence

B.thereisaclosecorrelationbetweengeneandintelligence

C.theremaybeacloserelationbetweenchopsticksflexibilityand

children*sacademicscore

D.thereisnotacloserelationbetweenchopsticksflexibilityand

children1sacademicscore

35、WhatdoesFeinbergmeanbysaying"Iwouldtakethesefindingswitha

wholeboxofsalt"?

A.Hewouldconsiderthemwhileeatinghismeals.

B.Hedefinitelybelievesthefindings.

C.Hewouldconsiderthemwhileshoppingforsalt.

D.Hedoubtsthefindingsverymuch.

弟一^扁

LiverDisease

Theliveristhesecondlargestorganinyourbody.Theliverperforms

manyjobsinyourbody.Itprocesseswhatyoueatanddrinkintoenergyand

nutrientsyourbodycanuse.Theliveralsoremovesharmfulsubstancesfrom

yourblood.

Oneoutofevery10Americansisaffectedbyliverdisease.Liverdisease

isoneofthetop10causesofdeathintheUnitedStates.Therearemore

than100liverdiseases.Virusescausesomeofthem,likehepatitisA,hepatitis

BandhepatitisC.Otherscanbetheresultofdrugs,poisonsordrinking

toomuchalcohol.Iftheliverformsscartissuebecauseofanillness,it*s

calledcirrhosis.Cancercanaffecttheliver.Youshouldalsoinheritaliver

diseasesuchashemochromatosis.

Liverdiseasecanmanifestinmanyways.Characteristicmanifestations

includejaundicezliverenlargement,portalhypertensionandetc.Sometimes

themanifestationsofliverdiseasearenotobvious.Forexample,symptoms

mayincludefatigue,ageneralfeelingofillness,lossofappetite,andmild

weightloss.However,peoplemaynotnoticethesesymptoms,andthesesymptoms

arealsotypicalofmanyotherdiseases.Thus,liverdiseasecaneasilybe

overlooked,particularlyinitsearlystages.

HepatitisAvaccinationisthebestwaytopreventHAV(hepatitisAvirus).

HepatitisBvaccinationisthebestwaytopreventHBV.Otherwaystostop

thespreadofHBVare：notsharingneedles；practicingsafesex；notSharing

razors,toothbrushes,orotherpersonalitems；usingonlycleanneedlesfor

fattoosandbodypiercings.ThereisnovaccinetopreventHCV.Theonlyway

topreventHCVistoavoiddirectcontactwithinfectedblood.

Eatingahealthydietandexercisingregularlyhelpthelivertoworkwell.

Limittheamountofalcoholyoudrink.Whenmedicinesaretakenincorrectly,

thelivercanbeharmed.Sofollowdosinginstructionsandtalktoadoctor

orpharmacistaboutthemedicinesyouaretaking.Mixingalcoholandmedicines

canharmyourliver,eveniftheyarenottakenatthesametime.Toxinscan

injurelivercells.Solimitdirectcontactwithtoxinsfromcleaningand

aerosolproducts,insecticides,chemicalszandadditivesincigarettes.Do

notsmoke.

36、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.ToptencausesofdeathintheUSincludeliverdisease.

B.10%ofAmericansdieofliverdisease.

C.10%ofAmericanssufferfromliverdisease.

D.Over100liverdiseasesexist.

37>Theword"manifestHinParagraph3canbebestreplacedby.

A.cause

B.happen

C.show

D.disappear

38>UnobvioussymptomsofliverdiseasesmayincludethefollowingsignsEXCEPT

A.tiredness

B.lossofappetite

C.nauseousfeeling

D.slightweightloss

39、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Itisnotharmfulwhenalcoholandmedicinesarenottakenatthesame

time.

B.ItiswisenottosharepersonalitemssoastostopthespreadofHBV.

C.HepatitisCvaccinationisthebestwaytopreventHCV.

D.Wecannotuseproductswithtoxinslikeinsecticides.

40、Themainpurposeofthispassageistoletpeopleknow.

A.liverisaveryimportantorganinourbody

B.liverdiseaseiswidespreadintheUS

C.therearemanytypesofliverdiseasesandsomeareeasilyoverlooked

D.thecause,symptomsofliverdiseasesandsometipsonprevention

第二篇

IronDeficiencies

Sportsmedicineexpertshaveobservedforyearsthatenduranceathletesz

particularlyfemales,frequentlyhaveirondeficiencies.Nowanewstudyby

ateamofPurdueUniversityresearcherssuggeststhatevenmoderateexercise

mayleadtoreducedironinthebloodofwomen.

"Wefoundthatwomenwhowerenormallyinactiveandthenstartedaprogram

ofmoderateexerciseshowedevidenceofironloss,"saysRoseanneM.Lyle,

associateprofessoratPurdue.Herstudyof62formerlyinactivewomenwho

beganexercisingthreetimesaweekforsixmonthswaspublishedinthejournal

Medicine&ScienceinSports&Exercise."Womenwhoconsumedadditionalmeat

ortookironsupplementswereabletobounceback,'*shenotes."Butthenew

exerciserswhofollowedtheirnormaldietshowedasignificantdecreasein

ironlevels."

Irondeficiencyisverycommonamongwomeningeneral,affectingonein

fourfemaleteenagersandoneinfivewomenaged18to45,respectively.But

theratioisevengreateramongactivewomen,affectingupto80percentof

n

femaleenduranceathletes.ThismeanszLylesayszthattoomanywomenignore

theamountofirontheytakein".

Womenofchildbearingageareatgreatestrisk,sincetheirmonthlybleeding

isamajorsourceofironloss.Plus,manyhealth-consciouswomenincrease

theirriskbyrejectingredmeatzwhichcontainsthemosteasilyabsorbed

formofiron.Andbecausewomenoftenrestricttheirdietinaneffortto

controlweightztheymaynotconsumeenoughiron-richfood,andareliable

toexperienceadeficiency.

“Theaveragewomantakesinonlytwothirdsoftherecommendeddailyallowance

foriron,"notesanotherexpert."Forawomanwhoalreadyhasapooriron

status,anyadditionalironlossfromexercisemaybeenoughtotipherover

theedgeintoamoreseriousdeficiency,"notestheexpert.Exercisecanresult

inironlossthroughavarietyofmechanisms.Someironislostinsweatz

and,forunknownreasonszintenseenduranceexerciseissometimesassociated

withbleedingofthedigestivesystem.

Thebestsourcesofiron,andtheonlysourcesoftheformofironmost

readilyabsorbedbythebody,aremeat,chicken,andfish.Goodsourcesof

otherformsofironincludedates,beans,andsomeleafygreenvegetables.

41>Accordingtoexperts,whowillpossiblyhaveirondeficiencies?

A.Sprinters.

B.Marathoners.

C.Weight-lifters.

D.Highjumpathletes.

42、Whowillshowevidenceofironloss?

A.Activewomen.

B.Inactivewomen.

C.Womenwhodoaprogramofmoderateexerciseregularly.

D.Womenwhoareinactiveandstarttodomoderateexercise.

43、Whowillhave