英美概况试题

《英美综合知识》习题及答案

I.MultipleChoices:Chooseonerightanswerfromthefourchoices:

1.ThehighestmountaininBritainis____.

A.ScafellB.BenNevis

C.theCotswoldsD.theForth

2,ThelongestriverinBritainis____.

A.theClydeB.theMersey

C.theSevernD.theThames

3.ThelargestlakeinBritainis____.

A.theLoughNeageB.WindermereWater

C.ConistonWaterD.theLakeDistrict

4.WhichpartofBritainIsalv/aysfighting?

A.EnglandB.Scotland

C.WalesD.NorthernIreland

5.TheimmigrantscomingtoBritainaremainlyfrom

A.EuropeB.theUnitedStates

C.AfricaD.theWestIndies,IndiesandPakistan

6.ThefirstinhabitantsinBritainwere____.

A.theNormansB.theCelts

C.theIberiansD.theAnglo-Saxons

7.BritishRecordedhistorybeganwith.

A.RomaninvasionB.theNormanConquest

C.theVikingandDanishinvasionD.theAnglo-Saxonsinvasion

8.In829,actuallybecametheoverlordofalltheEnglish.

A.JohnB.JamesI

C.EgbertD.HenryI

9.ChristmasDay___,DukeWilliamwascrownedinWestminsterAbbey.

A.1056B.1066

C.1006D.1060

10.Henry11wasthefirstkingofthedynasty.

A.WindsorB.Tudor

C.MalcolmD.Plantagenet

11.In1265___summonedtheGreatCouncil,whichhasbeenSAAPIasthe

earliestparliament.

A.Henry111B.thePope

C.BaronsD.SimondeMontfort

12.TheHundredYears,warstatedin___andwaendedin_____,inwhich

theEnglishhadlostalltheterritoriesofFranceexcepttheFrenchportof

A.1337,1453,FlandersB.1337,1453,Calais

C.1346,1453,ArgencourtD.1346,1453,Brest

13.TheWarsofRoseslastedforyearsandkingwasreplaced

byking

A.30,RichardIII,HenryTudorB.50,RichardIII,HenryTudor

C.30,RichardI,HenryTudorD.50,RichardI,HenryTudor

14.TheRenaissancebeganin___in)early____century.

A.England,14B.England,15

C.Italy,14D.Italy,15

15.TheEnglishCivilWarisalsocalled

A.theGloriousRevolutionB.theBloodyRevolution

C.theCatholicRevolutionD.thePuritanRevolution

16.In,asmallgroupofPuritanssailedfromintheMayflowerto

bethefirstsettlersintheNewLand.

A.1620,LondonB.1620,Plymouth

C.1720,LondonD.1720,Plymouth

17.Inthe18thcentury,thereappeared___inEngland,v/hichowedagreat

dealtotheinventionofmachines.

A.theIndustrialRevolutionB.theBourgeoisRevolution

C.theWarsoftheRosesD.theReligiousReformation

18.EnglishcolonialAxpansionbeganw什hthecolonizationofin1583.

A.CanadaB.Australia

C.IndiaD.Newfoundland

19.wasfamousforhisabdicationbecauseofhismarriagewitha

divorcedAmerican:

A.EdwardVI11B.EdwardVII

C.GeorgeVID.GeorgeVII

20.InJanuaryBritainbecameamemberoftheEuropeanEconomic

Community.

A.1957B.1967

C.1973D.1979

21.soonafter,Britainnotonlygaveupitseconmichegemonybutalso

sufferedadeeplossofitspositionofindustrialleadership.

A.1900B.theFirstWorldWar

C.theSecondWorldWarD.1960

22.Inthe1970samongthedevelopedcountries,Britainmaintainedthe

lowestrateandthehighestrate.

A.inflation,growthB.growth,inflation

C.growth,divorceD.growth,birth

23.ThefollowingareallreasonsofBritishdeclineofcoalindustryexcept

A.theexhaustionofoldminesB.costlyextraction

C.littlemoneybeinginvestedD.thelabourshortage

24.Britain'sforeigntradeismainlywith

A.developingcountriesB.otherCommonwealthcountries

C.otherdevelopedcountriesD.EC

25.TheHouseofLordsispresidedoverby____.

A.thALordChancellorB.theQuean

C.theArchbishopofCanterburyD.thePrimeMinister

26.AGeneralElectionisheldeveryyearsandthereare

membersofParliamentselected.

A.five,600B.five,650

C.five,651D.four,651

27.ThePrimeMinisterIsappointedbyandheorshealwayssitsin

A.theArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofCommons

B.theArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofLords

C.theQueen,theHouseofCommons

D.theQueen,theHouseofLords

28.Theultimateauthorityforlaw-makingresidesin____.

A.theQueenB.theCabinet

C.theHouseofLordsD.theHouseofCommons

29.ThesourcesofBritishlawinclude

A.statutes,commonlaw,equitylawandEuropeanCommunitylaw

B.statutes,commonlawandequitylaw

C.statutes,commonlawandEuropeanCommunitylaw

D.acompletecodeandstatutes

30.Incriminaltrialsbyjury,____passessentencedand______decidethe

issueofguiltorinnocence.

A.thejudge,thejuryB.thejudge,thejudge

C.thejury,thejuryD.theLordChancellor,thejury

31.____triesthemostseriousoffencessuchasmurderandrobbery.

A.Magistrates'courtsB.Youthcourts

C.districtcourtsD.TheCrownCourt

32.London'sMetropolitanPoliceForceisunderthecontrolof_.

A.theEnglandsecretariesB.theScottishSecretaries

C.NorthernIrelandSecretariesD.theHomeSecretary

33.TheNationalHealthServicewasestablishedintheUKin_and

basedatfirston

A.1948,ActsofParliamentB.1958,ActsofParliament

C.1948,theBillofRightsD.1958,theBillofRights

34.Thenon-contributorysocialsecuritybenefitsincludethefollowingexcept

A.warpensionB.childbenefit

C.familycreditD.unemploymentbenefit

35.ExceptthatmaynotbeaRomanCatholic,publicofficesareopen

withoutdistinctiontomembersofallchurchsorofnone.

A.thelordChancellorB.thePrimeMinister

C.theSpeakerD.theministersofalldepartments

36.About90percentofthestatesecondaryschoolpopulationintheUK

attend___.

A.independentschoolsB.juniorschools

C.independentschoolsD.primaryschools

37.Therearesome___universities,includingtheOpenUniversity.

A.900B.290

C.90D.50

38.InBritain,childrenfromtheageof5to16canbylaw.

A.receivecompletelyfreeeducation

B.receiveparlyfreeeducation

C.receivenofreeeducationiftheirfamiliesarerich

D.receivenofreeeducationatall

39.W什hregardto什ssize,theUSAisthe____countryinth。world.

A.largestB.secondlargest

C.thirdlargestD.fourthlargest

40.Inthefollowingrivers,hasbeencalledtheAmericanRuhr.

A.theMississippiB.theMissouri

C.theHudsonD.theOhio

41.Amongthefollowingrivers,formsanaturalboundarybetween

MexicoandtheU.S.

A.thePotomacB.theColumbia

C.theRioGrandeRiverD.theColorado

42.AllthefollowinguniversitiesandcollegesarelocatedinNewEngland,

except

A.YaleB.Harvard

C.OxfordD.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology

43.Thenation'scapitalcityWashingtonD.C.andNewVbrkarelocatedin

A.theAmericanWestB.theGreatPlains

C.theMidwestD.theMiddleAtlanticStates

44.TheMidwestinAmerica'smostimportantarea.

A.agriculturalB.industrial

C.manufacturingD.miningindustry

45.InthecaseofBrownversusBoardofEducation,theSupremeCourtruled

that

A.separateeducationalfacilitieshadbeenillegal

B.educationalfacilitieshadbeenseparatebutequal

C.educationalfacilitieshadbeenequal

D.separateeducationalfacilitieswereinherentlyunequal

46.TheChineseExclusionActwaspassedin____.

A.1882B.1883

C.1900D.1924

47.ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefrom___and_____.

A.Ireland/FranceB.England/China

C.Scotland/EnglandD.England/Netherland

48.UncleTomCabinandRootsaretwonovelswhichgiveavivid

descriptionofthemiserablelifeofthe

A.earlysettlersB.Puritans

C.nativeIndiansD.blackslaves

49.AccordingtoAmericanhistoriansandspecialistsindemography,thereare

greatpopulationmovementinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.

A.twoB.three

C.fourD.five

50.ManyearlyChineseimmigrantsworkedintheminingindustry,especially

inthe

A.goldminesB.silvermines

C.coalminesD.coppermines

51.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedby

A.JamesMadisonB.ThomesJefferson

C.AlexanderHamiltonD.GeorgeWashington

52.OnJuly4,1776,adoptedtheDeclarationofIndependerce.

A.theFirstContinentalCongress

B.theSecondContinentalCongress

C.theThirdContinentalCongress

D.theConstitutionalConvention

53.Thevictoryof____wastheturningpointoftheWarofIndependence.

A.SaratogaB.Gettysburg

C.TrentonD.Yorktown

54.TenamendmentsintroducedbyJamesMadisonin1789wereaddedtothe

Constitution.Theyareknowsas

A.theArticlesofConfederationB.theBillofRight

C.theCivilRightsD.FederalistPapers

55.PresidentJeffersonboughtfromFranceanddoubledthecountry's

territory.

A.NewMexicoB.theLouisianaTerritory

C.KansasD.Ohio

56.TheDeclarationofIndependencecamefromthetheoryofBritish

philosopher

A.PaulRevereB.JohnLocke

C.CornwallisD.FrederickDouglass

57.DuringtheWWII,theAxispowersweremainlymadeupby_.

A.Germany,FranceandJapanB.France,JapanandBritain

C.Germany,ItalyandBritainD.German,ItalyandJapan

58.TheProgressiveMovementisamovementdemandinggovernment

regulationoftheandconditions.

A.economy/politicalB.social/politcal

C.economy/socialD.political/cultural

59.AsaresultofWWI,wasnotoneofthedefeatednations.

A.GermanyB.Austro-Hungary

C.OttomanD.Russia

60.TheaimofPresidentRoosevelt'sNewDealwasto"saveAmerican

A.economyB.politics

C.societyD.democracy

61.ThelongfistwarthattheUnitedStateshasfoughtis

A.theWarofIndependenceB.theCivilWar

C.theVietnamWarD.theGulfWar

62.AfterlonganddifficultnegotiationsinParis,theUnitedStatesand

signedacease-fireagreementonJanuary27,1973.

A.SouthVietnamB.NorthVietnam

C.ChinaD.Vietnam

63.PresidentKennedyinspiredmanytoworktowipeoutpovertyandtoend

segregationandvotingrightsabuses.HisProgramwascalled___.

A.theNewFreedomB.theNewDeal

C.theNewRightD.theNewFrontier

64._____,whichwaspassedbyCongressinthespringof1940,madeit

unlawfulforanygroupioadvocateorteachtheviolentoverthrowof

governmentintheUnitedStates.

A.TheCivilRightsActB.TheWarPowerAct

C.TheSmithActD.TheMarshallPlan

65.Itwasthistrendofconservatismthatbrought_____intotheWhite

House.

A.KennedyB.Johnson

C.NixonD.Reagan

66.ThesecondbusiestportintheUnitedStatesis____.

A.NewYorkB.Houston

C.LosAngelesD.NewOrleans

67.Inthepostwaryearsgovernmentinvolvementwasemphasizedwhenthe

U.S.adopted_theoryinrunningtheeconomy.

A.monetaristB.Keynesian

C.McCarthismD.NewFreedom

68.isthecountry'sleadingstateinoilandnaturalgasdeposit.

A.AlabamaB.Virginal

C.TexasD.Georgia

69.isthePacificCoast'slargestandbusiestcommercialcityandthe

secondlargestcityinpopulationintheU.S.

70.Amongthefollowing,isnotwithinthepoweroftheU.S.President.

A.HecanvetolawspassedbytheCongress

B.Heappointsfederalcourtjudges

C.Heistheheadoftheexecutivebranchofgovernment

D.HeisresponsiblefortheinterpretationoftheConstitution.

71.The"winter-take-all"systemappliesinallstatesexcept

A.RhodeIslandB.Maine

C.GeorgiaD.Hawaii

72.InthedualprocessbywhichtheConstitutioncouldbecharged,

amendmensmusthavetheapprovalof_____ofthestatesbeforethey

enterintoforce.

A.one-secondB.two-thirds

C.three-fourthsD.all

73.Afterthe1828electionof_____,theDemocratic-RepublicanPartysplit.

A.ThomasJeffersonB.AndewJackson

C.FranklinRooseveltD.AbrahamLincoln

74.ThesystemofhigherecucationintheU.S.hasthreeprincipalfunctions

except

A.teachingB.research

C.publicserviceD.individualservice

75.Whatarethefocusesofreformhappenedinthemid-1980s?

A.therisingofthestandardsofteachingandlearning

B.theraisingofthestandardsofteachingandlearning

C.eliminatingdrugsandviolencefromschool

D.bothAandB

11.Fillintheblanks:

1.Geographicallyspeaking,thenorthandwestofBritainare_______,while

theeastandsouth-eastaremostly

2.WelshislocatedintheofGreatBritain.

3.TheancestorsoftheEnglish,whiletheScots,WelshandIrishthe

4.Inthemid-5,hcentury,threeTeuronictribes______,,and_____

invadedBritain.Amongthem,thegavetheirnametoEnglish

people.

5.ThebattleofwitnessedthedeathofHaroldinOctober,1066.

6.UnderWilliam,thesysteminEnglandwascompletelyestablished.

7.ThepropertyrecordinWilliam'stimeisknownas,whichwas

compiledin

8.'sgravebecameaplaceofpilgrimageinandbeyondchaucer'stime

afterhewasmurdered.

9.wasthedeadlybubonicplague,whichreducedEngland's

populationfromfourmilliontomillionbytheendofthe14th

century.

10.OneoftheconsequencesoftheUprisingof1381wastheemergenceofa

newclassoffarmers.

11.JamesIandhissonCharlesIbothbelievedfirmlyin.

12.DuringtheCivilWar,theCavalierssupported,whilethe

Roundheadssupported

13.AftertheCivilWar,OliverCromwelldeclaredEnglanda,later,he

became

14.In1707,theActofunitedEnglandand

15.ThetwopartiesoriginatedwiththeGloriousRevolutionwere____and

.TheformerweretheforerunnersoftheParty,thelatter

wereoftheparty.

16.In1765,theScottishinventorproducedaveryefficientthat

couldbeappliedtotextileandothermachinery.

17.AftertheIndustrialRevolution,Britainbecamethe"_____"oftheworld.

18.DuringtheSecondWorldWarledBritaintofinalvictoryin

1945.

19.In1974and1977,thetwoshockcausedinflationtorise

dramatically.

20.Naturalgaswasdiscoveredin1965andoilin1970under______.

21.hasEurope'slargestcollectionofforeignownedchipfactories.

22.NewindustriesinBritaininclude_____,______andotherhigh-tech

industries.

23.Thepartywhichwinsthesecondlargestnumberofseatsbecomesthe

official,withitsownleaderand“cabinef*.

24.ThePrimeMinisterisappointedby,andhis/herofficialresidence

is

25.TherearetwotiersoflocalgovernmentthroughoutEnglandandWales:

__and_______.

26.ThecriminallawinBritainpresumestheoftheaccuseduntilhehas

beenprovedguiltybeyondreasonabledoubt.

27.ThejuryusuallyconsistsofpersonsinEngland,Walesand

NorthernIreland,and_____personsinScotland.

28.TheultimatecourtofappealincivilcasesthroughouttheUKis.

29.InBritainthewelfarestateappliesmainlyto,nationalinsurance

and___.

30.ThetwoestablishedchurchesinBritainareand.

31.EducationintheUKiscompulsoryforallbetweentheagesof(in

NorthenIreland)and

32.InthepastchildreninBritainwereallocatedtodifferentsecondary

schoolsonthebasisofselectiontestsknownas,whichwas

replacedby

33.Educationafter16intheUKisdividedintoand

34.Themost-knownuniversitiesinBritainareandwhichdate

fromthe__and______centuries.

35.In____,AlaskaandHavaiibecamethe49,hand50thstates.

36.IntheGreatLakes,onlybelongstoU.S.completelywhiletheother

fouraresharedwithGanada.

37.______isseparatedfromthemainlandbyCanada.

38.TheRockies,thebackboneoftheNorthAmericanContinent,isalsoknown

as

39.____isthelargestcontinentalstateinareaintheU.S.

40.TheWestcanbedividedintothreeparts:theGreatPlains,theRocky

Mountainsand__.

41.TheSouthistheheadquartersofalargesegmentoftheand

________industry.

42.NewEnglandissometimescalledtheofAmerica.

43.isconsideredtobeoneofthecharacteristicsoftheAmerican

peoplesinceoneinfivemovestoanewhomeeveryyear.

44.ThefirstblackswerebroughttonorthAmericaasslavesin

45.ThelargestgroupofAsian-Americansarethe_____.

46.TheUnitedStateshaslongbeenknownasanationof,because

manyofitspeopledescendfromsettlerswhocamefromalloverthe

world.

47.Thelargestimmigrationmovementdidnottakeplaceuntil.

48.ThemostimportantobstacletoHispanicsuccessinthelabourmarketis

their

49.isaclearexplanationofthepoliticaltheorybehindthe

AmericanWarofIndependence.

50.TheUnionArmydefeatedtheConfederatearmyat,Pennsylvania

anditwastheturningpointoftheCivilWar.

51.In1620,thePilgrimssailedtotheNewWorldinashipcalled.

52.ThelastwarbetweentheUnitedStatesandBritainwasfoughtbetween

and1814.

53._____,whichbannedslavery,wasaddedtotheConstitutioninDecember,

1865.

54.Between1607and1733theBritishestablishedcoloniesalongthe

eastcoastofNorthAmerica.

55.ThenameofAmericanIndianwasgivenby.

56.wasthemagicwordthatdrewpeopletoAmerica.

57.Intheearly1930s,theAmericanforeignpolicywas.

58.______andhisModelThelpedtheUnitesStatestomoveonthewayto

becominganationonwheels.

59.AtthebeginningoftheGreatDepression,thefirstblowtothestock

marketcameonOctober24,1929,called.

60.DuringtheSecondWorldWar,thepostponementoftheopeningof

wasareflectionofthedesirenottogivetheSovietUnionthe

possibilityofquickexpansion.

61.DuringtheFirstWorldWartheU.S.persuedapolicyof____.

62.AsaresultofWWI,theU.S.hadchangedfromadebternationtobea

___nation.

63.meanstogethigherimporttaxestoprotectdomestic

production.

64.In1946,GeorgeKennansentalongtelegramtheStateDepartmentand

suggestedthepolicytowardstheSovietUnion.

65.In1947,GeorgeMarshallannouncedthetoprovideeconomic

aidtoWesternEurope.

66.In1948,theSovietUnionstarted_______.Asareaction,theUnited

StatesemployedairlifttosupportWestBerlin.

67.Senator_______launchedananti-Communisthysteriaintheearly

1950s.

68.In1955,afterRosaParkswasarrestedandfined,ledthe

boycottofthebuscompanyinMontgomery,Alabama.

69.ChinaandtheUnitedStatesestablishedtheirdiplomaticrelationsin

January.

70.WhentheKoreanwarbrokeoutin1950,Trumansenttheto

TaiwanStraitstopreventthePLAfromliberatingTaiwan.

71.isAmerica'smostimportantfoodcrop.

72.TheUnitedStateshasaeconomywithadominantprivate

sector.

73.Intheearly1980s,undertheAdministration,thetraditional

Keynesianapproachwasreplacedbynewmonetaritspolicies.

74.TheStateofnowhassurpassedNewYorkasthemost

populousstate.

75.TheAmericaneconomyischaracterizedbyahighdegreeof,

whichmeansmeanofthenation'sbasicindustriesarerepresentedbyonly

afewmajorcorporations.

76.TheeconomicsystemoftheU.S.ismainlyowned.

77.TheU.S.governmentisdividedintothreebranches:thelegislative,the

executiveand

70.Ifnopresidentialcandidatehasamajorityvotesintheelection;the

Constitutionstipulatesthatthedecisionshallbemadeby.

79.TodaytheU.S.hastwoleadingpoliticalparties.TheyaretheDemocratic

Partyand_____.

80.Thethreebranchesofthegovernmentareinbalance,throughthesystem

of

81.IntheSenate,eachstateisentitledtoSenators.

82.ThePresidentoftheUnitedStatesisheadoftheexecutivebranchand

ishisofficialresidence.

83.ThehouseofRepresentativechoosesitsownpresidingofficer:

84.TheConstitutionsepupaofgovernmentwhichhastwolayersof

rule.

85.ThelawpassedbyCongressandapprovedbythePresidentmaystillbe

cancelledbySupremeCourtdecidingthatitgoesagainstthe

86.isthetermusedforthefirsttenamendmentstothe

Constitution.

87.isconsideredtobeanoutstandingcharacteristicof

Americaneducation.

88.Thetypicalorganizationpatternforelementaryandsecondaryschoolsin

thatof_____.

89.HighereducationintheUnitedStatesbeganwiththefoundingof

in1636.

90.AllcollegesanduniversitiesintheUnitedstatesaregovernedbyaboard

oftrusteescomposedprimarilyof___.

91.IntheU.S.,educationisregardedasbothanindividualbenefitanda

92.Inthe1900s,emergedtomeettheimmediateneedofthe

economicexpansionandrapidriseinimmigrantsofthetimes.

93.isstillaseriousprobleminAmericanschoolsandthe

numberofstudentswhotakedrugskeepsgoingup.

III.Explainthefollowingterms.

1.theHardian^Wall:

2.AlfredtheGreat

3.WilliamtheConqueror

4.thebattleofHastings

5.DomesdayBook

6.theGreatCharter

7.theHundredYears'War

8.JoanofArc

9.theBlackDeath

10.theWarsofRoses

11.BloodyMary

12.ElizabethI

13.OliverCromwell

14.theBillofRights

15.WhigsandTories

16.JamesWatt

17.WinstonChurchill

18.Agribusiness

19.theBritishConstitution

20.QueenElizabeth11

21.theOpposition

22.thePrivyCouncil

23.commonlaw

24.thejury

25.theNHS

26.comprehensiveschools

27.publicschools

28.theGreatLakes

29.NewEngland

30.babyboom

31.theChineseExclusionAct

32.theBillofRights

33.theEmancipationProclamation

34.theConstitutionalConvention

35.theProgressiveMovement

36.thePeaceConference

37.theTrumanDoctrine:

38.theMarshallPlan

39.theNewFrontier

40.checksandbalances:

IV.Answerbrieflythefollowingquestions:

1.WhatdoyouknowabouttheRomaninvasionofBritain?

2.WhydidtheWilliamtheConquerorinvadeEnglandafterEdward'sdeath?

3.Whatwere