2024春新教材高中英语UNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUESSectionⅡReadingandThinking1基础测评含解析新人教版必修第三册

PAGEUNIT2MORALSANDVIRTUESSectionⅡReadingandThinking(1)阅读理解AOneday,Tom’steacher,MissMak,heldaclassmeeting.“TherewillbeaflagdaynextSaturday.Doesanyonewanttojointhismeaningfulevent?”askedMissMak.Tomwasinterestedinraisingmoneyforhomelesschildren,buthewasnotbraveenoughtotalktothestrangers,sohekeptquietinhisseat.“Tom,youhaven’tsoldflagsbefore,”saidMissMaksuddenly.“Wouldyouliketohaveatry?”Tomwashesitant,buthefinallynodded.Ontheflagday,TomandAngelasoldflagsinabusystreet.“Ex-cuse-me.Couldy-o-upl-ea-sebuy...?”saidAngelasoftlytothefirstpersonshemet.Themansmiledandputafive-dollarcoinintoAngela’scollectionbag.Thenshesaidthanksandputaflagunderhisshoulder.“Ididit!”saidAngelahappily.“It’syourturnnow.”Feelingnervous,Tombegantoshake.Soon,hesawayoungladywalkingtowardshim.Theladywassmilingandholdingafewcoinsinherhand.Sheasked,“AreyousellingflagsforFundfortheHomelessChildren?”Tom’sfaceturnedredandsaidyes.ThentheladymadethedonationandTomgaveheraflag.“Youmadeit!”laughedAngela.Inthenextcoupleofhours,AngelaandTomsoldflagsquicklyandbravely.Atlast,theircollectionbagsweresoheavythattheyhadtoholdthemwithbotharms.Theyfeltveryproud.1.WhydidTomkeepquietinhisseat?A.Hehadotherplans.B.Hedidn’tlikeMissMak.C.Hewasnotinterestedintheactivity.D.Hewasnotbraveenoughtotalktothestrangers.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段最终一句中“...buthewasnotbraveenoughtotalktothestrangers,sohekeptquietinhisseat.”可知,这是因为他不够英勇。故选D。答案：D2.WheredidTomandAngelasellflags?A.Inabusystreet. B.Intheirschool.C.Inatallbuilding. D.Inasmallgarden.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段首句“Ontheflagday,TomandAngelasoldflagsinabusystreet.”可知,他们在一条繁忙的大街上售卖旗帜。故选A。答案：A3.HowmuchdidthefirstmanpayAngelafortheflag?A.Fivedollars. B.Tendollars.C.Fifteendollars. D.Twentydollars.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段第三句“Themansmiledandputafive-dollarcoinintoAngela’scollectionbag.”可知,这个人付了五美元。故选A。答案：A4.HowdidTomandAngelafeelaftertheysoldtheflags?A.Bored. B.Shy. C.Proud. D.Sad.解析：细微环节理解题。依据短文最终一句“Theyfeltveryproud.”可知,卖完旗帜以后,他们感觉很傲慢。故选C。答案：CBMoralscienceistaughtasasubjectinmostschoolsbutwithlittleeffect.Perhapspartoftheproblemliesinthefactthatmoralityisnotascience,strictlyspeaking.Itistoomuchofasocialphenomenon,andalsohastoomuchofthepersonalandsubjectivethingsmixedwithin.Besides,moralityitselfchangeswithgenerations.Soitisimpossibletobedefinedinatextbook.Iremembersittingthroughfortyminutesofmorallessons,whichtoldstoriesaboutlittlechildrenwhonevertoldliesandwererewardedfortheirgoodness.Theyhadlittleeffectandleftnoimpressiononme,though.Ifmoralsciencehastobetaughtasasubjectinschools,itneedsaparticipatory(参加式的)approach.Whenyoutellachildaboutmorals,youalsohavetodealwithsocialnorms(规范)andculturaldifferences.Youhavetoexplainthatmoralitycanbesubjective,andbeabletocoexistinsociety.Youwillprobablyhavetorefertothemoralsofthepresenttime.Thebestwaytotellachildhowtoliveistoshowhimorherwhatisvalued.Ifachildlikeshisorherfriend,youhavetomakethechildthinkaboutwhy.Oncethechildnoticesandrecognisesgoodnessinothers,heorsheislikelytodevelopitaswell.Infact,childrenlearnmostoftheirmoralsbywatchingpeoplearoundthem.Theyabsorbbehaviourpatternsfromteachersandolderstudents.Theywatchtoseewhatisrewardedandwhoispunished.Theylearnonthesportsfieldandthroughsocialwork.Moralsciencelessonsshouldsimplyconsistoflettingthemliveandinteract,andwatchyousupportcorrectvaluesandrewardgoodbehaviour.5.WhichisNOTthereasonwhymoralscienceistaughtinschoolsbutwithlittleeffect?A.Moralityisn’tascience.B.Moralityismorelikeasocialphenomenon.C.Differentgenerationshavedifferentmoralideas.D.Moralitycan’tbewrittendownintextbooks.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段的内容可知,德育在学校效果很差,是因为:道德严格来说不是一门科学,道德更像社会现象,不同年头的人有不同的道德观。故选D。答案：D6.Whydoestheauthordescribehisownexperienceofhavingmorallessons?A.Toexplaintellingliesisnotrightforlittlechildren.B.Toadvisethatpeopleshouldberewardedfortheirgoodness.C.Toshowhehasnoopinionsaboutmoralscience.D.Toprovemorallessonsinschoolshavelittleeffect.解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段的句子“Theyhadlittleeffectandleftnoimpressiononme,though.”可知,作者提到自己上道德课是为了证明道德课效果很差,故选D。答案：D7.Whatshouldyoudowhenyoutellachildaboutmorals?A.Tellhimorheraboutsocialnormsandculturaldifferences.B.Teachhimorhertosharepersonalmoralideaswithothers.C.Explainthatnobodycaninfluencehisorhermoralideas.D.Saythatthepresentmoralsarelikelytobechanged.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段的句子“Whenyoutellachildaboutmorals,youalsohavetodealwithsocialnormsandculturaldifferences.”可知给孩子讲道德的时候,要告知他们社会规范和文化差异。答案：A8.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thevalueofteachers’settingagoodexample.B.Thebestwayofteachingchildrenaboutmorals.C.Theinfluenceofpeople’sbehaviouronmorals.D.Theimportanceofrewardingchildrenfortheirgoodbehaviour.解析：段落大意题。文章最终一段的内容说明孩子们主要从他们身边的人身上学习道德,因此最好的教学方式是让孩子们参加、互动、视察。故选B。答案：BCCouldthedevice,asmartphoneoraPC,whichyou’reusingaffectsthemoraldecisionsyoumakewhenusingit?Totestit,researcherspresentedmultipledilemmastoasamplesetof1,010people.Theparticipantswereassignedadeviceatrandom.Onecaseofthequestionsparticipantswereaskedistheclassic“trolley(有轨电车)problem”:Arunawaytrolleyisheadedtowardsfivepeopletieduponasetoftraintracks.Youcandonothing,resultinginthedeathsofthefivepeople,orpushamanoffabridge,whichwillstopthetrolley.Thepracticalresponseistokillonemantosavefivelives,which33.5percentofsmartphoneuserschose,comparedto22.3percentofPCusers.“Whatwefoundinourstudyisthatwhenpeopleusedasmartphonetoviewclassicmoralproblems,theyweremorelikelytomakemoreunemotional,reasonabledecisionswhenpresentedwithahighlyemotionaldilemma,”DrAlbertBarque-Duran,theleadauthorofthestudy,toldCity,UniversityofLondon.“ThiscouldbeduetotheincreasedtimepressureoftenpresentwithsmartphonesandalsotheincreasedpsychologicaldistancewhichcanoccurwhenweusesuchdevicescomparedtoPCs.”Asforwhytheresearchersstartedthisstudy,DrBarque-Durannoted,“Duetothefactthatoursociallives,workandevenshoppingtakeplaceonline,itisimportanttothinkabouthowthecontextswherewetypicallyfacemoraldecisionsandareaskedtoengageinmoralbehaviourhavechanged,andtheimpactthiscouldhaveonhundredsofmillionsofpeoplewhousesuchdevicesdaily.”It’sclearthatweneedmoreresearchonhowourdevicesaffectourmoraldecisionmakingbecausewe’reusingscreensataneverincreasingrate.9.Whydidtheauthormentionthe“trolleyproblem”?A.Tointroduceadifficultproblemtoreaders.B.Tointroducetheaimofcarryingoutthestudy.C.Toshowanexampleofthequestionsinthestudy.D.Toshowthedifficultyindealingwithdilemmas.解析：推理推断题。依据文章其次段“Onecaseofthequestionsparticipantswereaskedistheclassic‘trolleyproblem’...”可以推断出,作者提及有轨电车的问题,只是展示了探讨问题中的一个例子。故选C。答案：C10.Howdothesmartphoneusersofthestudybehaveindealingwithemotionaldilemmas?A.Calmly. B.Cruelly.C.Hesitantly. D.Enthusiastically.解析：细微环节理解题。依据文章第三段“Whatwefoundinourstudyisthatwhenpeopleusedasmartphonetoviewclassicmoralproblems,theyweremorelikelytomakemoreunemotional,reasonabledecisionswhenpresentedwithahighlyemotionaldilemma”可知,手机运用者能够更镇静地处理情感逆境。故选A。答案：A11.DrAlbertbelievesthatcomparedwithPCs,smartphones.

A.helppeoplebearmorepressureB.helppeoplemakedecisionsquicklyC.makepeoplefeelmorementallydistantD.makepeoplestayhappiertosolveproblems解析：推理推断题。依据文章第三段“Thiscouldbeduetotheincreasedtimepressureoftenpresentwithsmart-phonesandalsotheincreasedpsychologicaldistancewhichcanoccurwhenweusesuchdevicescomparedtoPCs.”可知,与电脑相比,手机更让人感到精神上的疏远。故选C。答案：CReadingandThinking(2)[基础测评]Ⅰ.单词拼法1.Sop(珍贵的)istimethatwecan’taffordtowasteit.

2.Inthenursingprofession,womenareinthem(大部分).

3.Thestudentsbegantoc(埋怨)abouthowcolditwouldbe.

4.Duringconversations,doyouspendallyour“listening”timethinkingabouthowtor(回复)tothespeaker?

5.WhenhefailedintheStudents’Unione(选举)lastsemester,he,insteadofbeingupset,vieweditasanopportunitytoexercisehisability.

6.Hehadthecompletesupportofthes(全体职员)inthehospital.

7.Irefusetolieaboutit;it’sagainstmyp(原则).

8.Whodoyousupposewillr(取代)herontheshow?

9.Samlivesinaf(遥远的)village,whichismorethan20milesawayfromhisschool.

10.SuddenlyIfeltas(急剧的)paininmyshoulder.

答案：1.precious2.majority3.complain4.respondelection6.staff7.principles8.replace9.faraway10.sharpⅡ.用所给短语的适当形式填空carrysbthrough,carefor,tendto,ofone’sown,beresponsiblefor,

1.Heworkshard,buthedoesn’thishealth.

2.Theirfaithandcouragethem.

3.WhenI’mtired,Imakemistakes.

4.Theysaidthedirector,ratherthantheclerks,theincident.

5.Thesecollegeprofessorshadopinions.

答案：1.carefor2.carried;through3.tendto4.wasresponsiblefor5.oftheirownⅢ.语法填空Asafive-year-oldgirl,LinQiaozhiwas1.(deep)affectedbyhermother’sdeath.Atage18,insteadoffollowingthetraditionalpathof2.________(marry)likethe3.________(major)ofgirls,shechosetostudymedicine.“Whyshouldgirlslearnsomuch?Findingagoodhusbandshouldbe4._______(them)finalgoal!”herbrothercomplained,5.________(think)ofthehightuition6.________(fee).Sheresponded,“I’dratherstaysingle7._______(study)allmylife!”Eightyearslater,LingraduatedfromPekingUnionMedicalCollege(PUMC)8.______theWenhaiScholarship,9.__________highestprizegiventograduates.Sheimmediatelybecamethefirstwoman10.________washiredasaresidentphysicianintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.

答案：1.deeply2.marriage3.majority4.their5.thinking6.fees7.tostudy8.with9.the10.who[提升测评]Ⅳ.阅读理解Workingasavet(兽医),Imetafamilythattaughtmeanunforgettablelesson.Theycametomyclinicwiththeirdyingdog,Coco.IexaminedCocoandfoundshewasoldandhadaseriousillness.Itoldthefamilywecouldn’tdoanythingforCoco,andthateuthanasia(安乐死)wouldbethebestforthedog.Onthatday,theirlittleboyEricseemedsocalm,pattingtheolddogforthelasttime,thatIwonderedifEricunderstoodwhatwasgoingon.ThelittleboyseemedtoacceptCoco’sdeathwithoutanydifficulty.WesattogetherforawhileafterCoco’sdeath.Iexplainedthatanimals’livesareshorterthanhumanlives.Eric,whohadbeenlisteningquietly,said,“Iknowwhy.”Hesaid,“Peopleneedalifetimetolearnhowtoliveagoodlife—likelovingeverybodyallthetimeandbeingnice,right?”The6-year-oldcontinued,“Well,dogsalreadyknowhowtodothat,sotheydon’thavetostayaslong.”I’dneverheardamoresoft-heartedexplanationastowhyanimals’livesaresoshort.IthaschangedthewayIlive.Iseeeverydayasthedaythatmylifecouldbeeasilytakenaway,soItrytolivemylifetothefullest.1.WhatwasthematterwithCoco?A.Shehadastomachache. B.Shehadaheadache.C.Shewasoldanddying. D.Shewashurtbyherfriend.解析：推理推断题。依据第一段中“Theycametomyclinicwiththeirdyingdog,Coco.IexaminedCocoandfoundshewasoldandhadaseriousillness.”可知,Coco已经奄奄一息。答案：C2.WhywasEricsocalmwhilepattingthedogforthelasttime?A.Becausehedidn’tknowwhatwasgoingon.B.Becausehedidn’tknowhowtofaceCoco’sdeath.C.Becausehehadanotherdog.D.BecauseheacceptedCoco’sdeath.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段第一句“ThelittleboyseemedtoacceptCoco’sdeathwithoutanydifficulty.”可知小男孩已经接受了狗的死亡。答案：D3.Whatcanweinferaccordingtothepassage?A.Thevetdidn’tdoanythingforCoco.B.Thevetmakesanefforttoliveafulllife.C.Thevethaslivedhislifetothefullest.D.Thevetwillkeepmoredogs.解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段中最终一句“Iseeeverydayasthedaythatmylifecouldbeeasilytakenaway,soItrytolivemylifetothefullest.”可知,作者相识到生命易逝,并且努力使生活更加充溢。答案：BⅤ.完形填空Likemanyperfectionists,Itrulybelievedthatself-sufficiencywasavirtue.And1mybrainwassogoodatfindingwhatitwaslookingfor,Inoticedeverysingletimethatideagotproved2,andsoIalwayshadlotsof3thatitreallywasbetterifIjusthandledeverythingmyself.

Thiskindofthinking,friends,wasthe4indisguise.

Myself-reliancecameinhandywhenIwasakidinthe1970sandinadulthoodwhenIwasanindependent5.Then,inthefirstyearsof6theOrganisedArtistCompany,Ifoundmyself7everythingIcouldaboutwebsites,copywriting,graphicdesign,etc.Laterwheneveroneofmybusinessfriends8abouthowherwebsitewasbeingheldhostage(人质)toherdesigner,I9felttoosatisfied.10ifmistakesweremadeinmybusiness,theywereallmine.

Thiswaswheremyfalse11showedup—innotwantingotherstoknowImademistakes.IfIhadotherpeople12me,theywouldseemyerrorsand13.Workingalone,Icouldkeepupaprettygooddisplayof14.

ButastheOrganisedArtistCompanybecameincreasingly15,IrealisedIwasdoingharmtothepeopleIwastryingtoservebyattemptingtodoeverythingmyself.Iwas16mygrowthandthedepthofmywork.

Ihadbuiltabusinesswithmyowntwohands,andI17withabusinessthatIcouldholdinmyowntwohands.Itwascozy,18limitedinscope(范围).

OnceIwaswillingtocontrolmyego(自我)andadmittedthatmyvisionofself-sufficiencywasa19,mybusinesstookaremarkableleapforward,andrevenue20.Littlechange,bigdifference.

1.A.whileB.sinceC.before D.until解析：句意:因为我的大脑很擅长找寻它想要的东西。while虽然,然而;since因为;before在……之前;until直到……为止。故选B。答案：B2.A.clear B.mistakenC.moral D.right解析：句意:我留意到每一次那个想法都被证明是正确的。clear清晰的;mistaken错误的;moral道德的;right正确的。故选D。答案：D3.A.evidence B.experienceC.suggestion D.insurance解析：句意:所以我总是有许多证据来证明我自己处理全部的事情会更好。evidence证据,证明;experience经验;suggestion建议;insurance保险。故选A。答案：A4.A.magic B.devilC.sheep D.colleague解析：句意:这种想法,挚友们,是伪装的魔鬼。magic魔法;devil魔鬼;sheep羊;colleague同事。故选B。答案：B5.A.worker B.physicianC.writer D.artist解析：句意:从20世纪70年头我是个孩子时,到成年后我成为一个独立的艺术家,我的自食其力始终很有用。worker工人;physician医师;writer作家;artist艺术家。依据后边的theOrganisedArtistCompany可知,当时“我”是个艺术家,故选D。答案：D6.A.running B.owningC.founding D.hiring解析：句意:后来,在起先经营组织艺术家公司的那几年。run经营;管理;own有;found创办,发起;hire雇用。故选A。答案：A7.A.losing B.quittingC.learning D.rejecting解析：句意:我发觉自己学习了关于网站、文案写作、图表设计等一切可以学的。lose失去;quit放弃;learn学习;reject拒绝。故选C。答案：C8.A.communicated B.praisedC.answered D.complained解析：句意:后来每当我的一个商业伙伴埋怨她的网站如何被她的设计师限制时。communicate沟通,沟通;praise表扬;answer回答;complain埋怨。故选