2021年高考英语调研大一轮复习课时作业30Unit5ThepowerofnatureB卷

课时作业30ThepowerofnatureⅠ.阅读理解(辽宁大连联考)A16­yearsurveyonthearcticNorwegianislandofSvalbardfoundthereindeer(驯鹿)therehavedeclinedinweightbyanalarming12percent.Thereductioninaveragebody­massisbeingblamedonglobalwarming.InresearchpresentedlatelyatameetingoftheBritishEcologicalSocietyinLiverpool,scientistswillexplainhowrisingtemperaturesaremakingfemalereindeerdifficulttoobtainnutrientsduringimportantperiodsofbeingpregnant.SnowinSvalbardtypicallycoversthegroundforeightmonthsoftheyear,which,combinedwithlowtemperatures,limitsgrassgrowthtoJuneandJuly.Butassummertemperatureshaveincreasedbyaround1.5℃，grasslandhasbecomemoreproductive,allowingfemalereindeertogainmoreweightbytheautumnandthereforetoconceive(孕育)morecalves.However,warmerwintershavebroughtwiththemgreaterrainfallwhichfreezeswhenitsettlesonthesnow,thereforelockingoutthereindeerfromthelife­supportingfoodbelow.Asaresult,femalereindeerarebecomingstarved,causingthemtogivebirthtomuchlighteryoung.Theaveragemassofanadultreindeerin1998,whenthesurveybegan,was55kg,butby2016ithaddroppedto48kg.ProfessorSteveAlbon,anecologistattheJamesHattonInstituteinAberdeen,saidthat,becausethemammalshavearelativelyhighsurface­area­to­volumeratio(表面积与体积比),theyarenoparticularlyenergyefficient.Reindeercanoftenaccesstheinadequatefoodsourcesbeneaththesnowbyclearingitawaywiththeirantlers(鹿角),buttheycannotbreakthroughthehardice.Withoutaccesstothefoodinwinter,calvesarebeingbornfarlighterthantheyshouldbe.Numbersofreindeerhavealsoincreasedrapidlyinthepast20years,meaningthatthosewhicharebornarefacinggreatercompetitionforfood.“Theimplications(含义)arethattheremaywellbemoresmallerreindeerintheArcticinthecomingdecades,butpossiblyattheriskofcatastrophicdie­offsbecauseofincreasediceontheground，”saidProfessorAlbon.Despitethegloomyfindings,reindeerappeartobesufferinglessfromtheimpactofclimatechangethansomeotherarcticspecies.本文是一篇说明文。研究表明：全球变暖导致驯鹿体重减轻。1．Whichofthefollowingmaybethemostimportantreasonforthesmallerreindeer?A．Heavysnow. B．Greaterrainfall.C．Hardice. D．Globalwarming.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“Thereductioninaveragebody­massisbeingblamedonglobalwarming.”可知，全球变暖是驯鹿平均体重减轻的罪魁祸首。故选D项。2．Accordingtothepassage,risingtemperatureswillnotleadto________.A．grassgrowingmorerapidlyinsummerB．morerainfallinthearcticareainwinterC．femalereindeer'sgainingmoreweightinwinterD．femalereindeer'ssufferingfromhungerinwinter答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Butassummertemperatureshaveincreasedbyaround1.5℃，grasslandhasbecomemoreproductive...”可知A正确；根据第四段“However,warmerwintershavebroughtwiththemgreaterrainfallwhichfreezeswhenitsettlesonthesnow,thereforelockingoutthereindeerfromthelife­supportingfoodbelow.”可知B正确；根据第四段“Asaresult,femalereindeerarebecomingstarved,causingthemtogivebirthtomuchlighteryoung.”可知D正确。根据第四段“Theaveragemassofanadultreindeerin1998,whenthesurveybegan,was55kg,butby2016ithaddroppedto48kg.”可知C符合题意。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gloomy”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Exciting. B．Optimistic.C．Disappointing. D．Doubtful.答案：C解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段“...reindeerappeartobesufferinglessfromtheimpactofclimatechangethansomeotherarcticspecies.”可知，驯鹿受气候变化的影响似乎比其他北极物种要小。据此推断“Despitethegloomyfindings”意为“尽管这一研究发现很悲观”。故选C项。4．Howdoesthewriterdevelopthepassage?A．Byanalysingtheresearch.B．Byclassificationofreindeer.C．Bycomparingopinionsofexperts.D．Bytellingstoriesofdifferentspecies.答案：A解析：写作手法题。通读全文可知，文章主要通过分析研究结果来说明全球变暖对驯鹿体重的影响。故选A项。Ⅱ.阅读填句(陕西西安中学检测)In2017,AlphaGodefeatedChineseplayerKeJietobecometheworld'sNo.1,endingthousandsofyearsofhumandominance(控制)inthegame.AlphaGoisanartificialintelligence(AI)Go­playingprogram.__1__Artificialintelligenceisusuallydefinedasthescienceofmakingcomputersdothingsthatrequireintelligencewhendonebyhumans.__2__Theseincludelearning,reasoning,problem­solving,perception,andlanguage­understanding.__3__Infactweareincreasinglydependinguponcomputer­basedartificialintelligence.AsCharlieQrtiz,headofAIattheMassachusetts­basedsoftwarecompanyNuanceCommunications,said,“Ithasopenedawindowforus.”Smartphones,self­drivingcars,intelligentrobots,etc.areconstantlycomingintoourlife.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,halfoftheworld'sAIexpertsbelievehuman­levelmachineintelligencewillbeachievedby2040.Thiswillopenuphugepossibilitiesfortheenrichmentofmankind,fromtacklingclimatechangeandtreatingdiseasetolabour­savingdevices.__4__PhysicistStephenHawkingwarnedthatunlesswetakecare,boardgamesmightbetheleastofAI.“Thedevel­opmentoffullartificialintelligencecouldmeantheendofthehumanrace.”__5__TheybelieveAlphaGo'svictoryisareminderofhowfasttheworldisovercomingtheobstaclesinthewayofAI,anditsdistributionintheworldaboutus.Althoughtheremayyetbenoevidencethatcomputerswillevershakeofftheirhumanmasters,weshouldstilltreatthedevelopmentwiththehumilityandcautionitdeserves.A．Otherscientistshavealsoexpressedtheconcern.B．Artificialintelligencehasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.C．DefeatingahumanGomasterisnottheonlythingAIcando.D．Artificialintelligencewillbringusdisastersinsteadofbenefits.E．ItwasdesignedbyanAmericanartificialintelligencecompany.F．NotallexpertsholdtheoptimisticattitudestothedevelopmentofAI.G．ResearchinAIhassofarfocusedonsomespecialfieldsofintelligence.本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人工智能的发展以及人们对于人工智能的不同态度。1．解析：根据前句内容“AlphaGoisanartificialintelligence(AI)Go­playingprogram.”可知，此处是对阿尔法的介绍，所以E合适，意为“它是由美国的一家人工智能公司设计的”。2．解析：根据后句内容“Theseincludelearning,reasoning,problem­solving,perception,andlanguage­understanding.”可知，此处主要介绍了人工智能研究涉及的领域，所以前句是对研究的评价，引出后句的研究领域。所以G正确。3．解析：根据后文内容“Infactweareincreasinglydependinguponcomputer­basedartificialintelligence...Smartphones,self­drivingcars,intelligentrobots,etc.areconstantlycomingintoourlife.”可知，人工智能现在已经被应用于很多领域，所以此处表示“在围棋比赛中战胜人类选手不是人工智能唯一的表现”。所以C正确。4．解析：根据后文内容“PhysicistStephenHawkingwarnedthatunlesswetakecare,boardgamesmightbetheleastofAI.‘Thedevelopmentoffullartificialintelligencecouldmeantheendofthehumanrace.’”可知，有些专家对于人工智能的发展持消极观点。所以F正确。5．解析：根据后文内容“TheybelieveAlphaGo'svictoryisareminderofhowfasttheworldisovercomingtheobstaclesinthewayofAI,anditsdistributionintheworldaboutus.”可知，此处仍表达这部分人的观点，所以选A，表示“其他的科学家们也表达了担忧”。Ⅲ.语法填空(湖北黄冈检测)Also__1__(know)as“paperpaintings”and“paintedpictures”，NewYearpaintingsare__2__uniqueartforminChinesefolkculture.Thepaintingsarecalled“NewYearpaintings”becausetheyare__3__(most)postedduringtheChineseNewYearholiday__4__decorationandtheyarealsoasymbolofNewYear'sgreetings.NewYearpaintings__5__(appear)aroundtheTangDynasty,replacingthepreviousdoorpictures__6__(feature)thegodsbelievedtobeabletoprotecttheresidentsanddriveawayghosts.IntheSongDynasty,NewYearpaintingswerecreatedonalargescale.Withtheadvancementofprintingtechnology,thecontentandformsofNewYearpaintingsbecame__7__(diversity).ThedevelopmentofthepaintingsmaturedintheMingandQingDynasties,__8__thearthititsheyday(全盛期)．Traditionalprinting__9__(method)ofNewYearpaintingsincludewoodblockprinting,stone­blockprinting,offset(胶印)printing,traditionalChinesepainting,watercolorpaintingandsketchesetc.WoodblockprintedNewYearpaintings__10__(be)themostpopularandinterestingones.本文是一篇说明文，涉及社会文化和习俗话题。主要介绍了中国的传统文化艺术之一——年画的用途、起源和分类，彰显了中国元素。1．解析：考查过去分词。空前无主语，故填非谓语动词。beknownas“作为……而知名”，故填known。2．解析：考查冠词。年画是中国民间文化中的一种独特的艺术形式。此处表示泛指，故填不定冠词。unique的发音是以辅音音素开头的，故用a。3．解析：考查副词。因为它们通常都在春节期间被张贴，作为装饰画。修饰谓语动词用副词。mostly“通常，多半，大部分”。4．解析：考查介词。此处表示目的且空后为名词，故用介词for。5．解析：考查时态。年画大约起源于唐代。此处表示过去发生的动作，故用一般过去时。6．解析：考查动词的­ing形式。分析句子结构可知，doorpictures与feature之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故填动词­ing形式作定语，feature在此是动词，意为“以……为特色”。7．解析：考查形容词。在本句的系表结构中，作表语的应是形容词。故填diverse“多种多样的”，也可填diversified“多样化的”。8．解析：考查定语从句。年画在明清时期走向成熟，达到鼎盛。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。9．解析：考查名词单复数。从后文可知，年画的制作工艺有很多种，故填method的复数形式。10．解析：考查主谓一致和时态。木版年画最为盛行，也最有趣。由主语paintings可知，谓语动词应用复数。且此处是对客观情况的陈述，故应用一般现在时。Ⅳ.短文改错(福建泉港一中检测)DearAbby，Howareyou?TodayI'vegotawonderfulnewstotellyou.IhaveofferedascholarshipatauniversityinAustraliaformyfurthereducation.Onehundredandtwentystudentstookexamforit,butonlyafewwaschosenandIwasoneofthem.However,myparentsarenothappyaboutit.Theyarestrongagainstmegoingthere.TheysayitistoofarawaythattheywillnotseemeforawholeyearandtheyareafraidofIwillfeellonely.Theycan'timagineagirlsoyounglivealone.Theyadvisemetostudyinginthecapitalinstead.ThenI'llbeabletocontinuelivingwiththem.HowcanIpersuadethemtoacceptthefactIhavegrownup?Bestwishes!Jane答案与解析1．去掉a考查冠词。news是不可数名词。2．have后加been考查被动语态。I与offer之间是被动关系。3．exam→exams考查名词的单复数形式。exam是可数名词，在这里不只是一次考试，因此为复数。4．chosen前的was→were考查主谓一致。afew代表复数名词。5．strong→strongly考查副词。副词修饰介词短语。6．too→so考查固定搭配。本句采用了so...that搭配。7．去掉of考查句子结构。beafraid后跟宾语从句时不跟介词。8．live→living考查非谓语动词。living作imagine的宾语，agirl是living的逻辑主语。9．studying→study考