2011-英语1卷-林已娜-2020普本-1班附有答案

2011-英语1卷-林已娜-2020普本-1班[复制]英语(一)

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecious

tohealth.”But___1___someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluence

onphysicalfitness.Laughterdoes___2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,___3___heartrateandoxygenconsumption.Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto___4___,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave___5___benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

___6___,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughter

apparentlyaccomplishesthe___7___.Studiesdatingbacktothe1930sindicatethat

laughter___8___muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp___9___theeffectsofpsychological

stress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___

feedbackthatimproveanindividual'semotionalstate.___11___oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted___12__physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbutthattheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.

Althoughsadnessalso14tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow

___15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofWürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto___16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth—therebycreatinganartificialsmile—orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)___17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirsmilingmuscles___18___moreenthusiasticallytofunnycartoonsthandidthosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,___19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround.___20___,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.1.____（）[单选题]*A]amongB]exceptC]despite(正确答案)D]like2.____（）[单选题]*A]reflectB]demandC]indicateD]produce(正确答案)3.____()[单选题]*[A]stabilizing(正确答案)[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining4.____（）[单选题]*A]transmitB]sustain(正确答案)C]evaluateD]observe5.____()[单选题]*[A]measurable(正确答案)[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable6.____（）[单选题]*A]InturnB]Infact(正确答案)C]InadditionD]Inbrief7.____（）[单选题]*A]opposite(正确答案)B]impossibleC]averageD]expected8.____（）[单选题]*A]hardensB]weakensC]tightensD]relaxes(正确答案)9.____（）[单选题]*A]aggravateB]generateC]moderate(正确答案)D]enhance10.____（）[单选题]*A]physical(正确答案)B]mentalC]subconsciousD]internal11.____（）[单选题]*A]ExceptforB]Accordingto(正确答案)C]DuetoD]Asfor12.____（）[单选题]*A]withB]onC]in(正确答案)D]at13.____（）[单选题]*A]unlessB]untilC]ifD]because(正确答案)14.____（）[单选题]*A]exhaustsB]followsC]precedes(正确答案)D]suppresses15.____（）[单选题]*A]intoB]from(正确答案)C]towardsD]beyond16.____（）[单选题]*A]fetchB]biteC]pickD]hold(正确答案)17.____（）[单选题]*A]disappointed(正确答案)B]excitedC]joyfulD]indifferent18.____（）[单选题]*A]adaptedB]cateredC]turnedD]reacted(正确答案)19.____（）[单选题]*A]suggesting(正确答案)B]requiringC]mentioningD]supposing20.____（）[单选题]*A]EventuallyB]ConsequentlyC]Similarly(正确答案)D]ConverselySectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert'sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Theserecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday'sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener'schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert'sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merelyexpandingtheorchestra'srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica'soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopestoattract.21.WelearnfromParagraph1thatGilbert'sappointmenthas____.（）[单选题]*A]incurredcriticism.B]raisedsuspicion.C]receivedacclaim.(正确答案)D]arousedcuriosity.22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois____.（）[单选题]*A]influential.B]modest.(正确答案)C]respectable.D]talented.23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers____.（）[单选题]*A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.(正确答案)24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?（）[单选题]*A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.(正确答案)C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.25.RegardingGilbert'sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels____.（）[单选题]*A]doubtful.(正确答案)B]enthusiastic.C]confident.D]puzzled.Text2

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn'talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon'tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:“Ican'tthinkofasinglesearchI'vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeago,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit'ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat'sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing____.（）[单选题]*A]arrogant.B]frank.(正确答案)C]self-centered.D]impulsive.27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutives’quittingmaybespurredby____.（）[单选题]*A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.(正确答案)28.Theword“poached”(Para.4)mostprobablymeans____.（）[单选题]*A]approvedof.B]attendedto.C]huntedfor.(正确答案)D]guardedagainst.29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat____.（）[单选题]*A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.(正确答案)B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.C]topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations.D]it'ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?（）[单选题]*A]CEOs:WheretoGo?(正确答案)B]CEOs:AlltheWayUp?C]TopManagersJumpWithoutaNetD]TheOnlyWayOutforTopPerformersText3

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional“paid”media—suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements—stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate“earned”mediabywillinglypromotingittofriends,andacompanymayleverage“owned”mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebsite.Thewayconsumersnowapproachtheprocessofmakingpurchasedecisionsmeansthatmarketing'simpactstemsfromabroadrangeoffactorsbeyondconventionalpaidmedia.

Paidandownedmediaarecontrolledbymarketerspromotingtheirownproducts.Forearnedmedia,suchmarketersactastheinitiatorforusers'responses.Butinsomecases,onemarketer'sownedmediabecomeanothermarketer'spaidmedia—forinstance,whenane-commerceretailersellsadspaceonitsWebsite.Wedefinesuchsoldmediaasownedmediawhosetrafficissostrongthatotherorganizationsplacetheircontentore-commerceengineswithinthatenvironment.Thistrend,whichwebelieveisstillinitsinfancy,effectivelybeganwithretailersandtravelproviderssuchasairlinesandhotelsandwillnodoubtgofurther.Johnson&Johnson,forexample,hascreatedBabyCenter,astand-alonemediapropertythatpromotescomplementaryandevencompetitiveproducts.Besidesgeneratingincome,thepresenceofothermarketersmakesthesiteseemobjective,givescompaniesopportunitiestolearnvaluableinformationabouttheappealofothercompanies'marketing,andmayhelpexpandusertrafficforallcompaniesconcerned.

Thesamedramatictechnologicalchangesthathaveprovidedmarketerswithmore(andmorediverse)communicationschoiceshavealsoincreasedtheriskthatpassionateconsumerswillvoicetheiropinionsinquicker,morevisible,andmuchmoredamagingways.Suchhijackedmediaaretheoppositeofearnedmedia:anassetorcampaignbecomeshostagetoconsumers,otherstakeholders,oractivistswhomakenegativeallegationsaboutabrandorproduct.Membersofsocialnetworks,forinstance,arelearningthattheycanhijackmediatoapplypressureonthebusinessesthatoriginallycreatedthem.

Ifthathappens,passionateconsumerswouldtrytopersuadeotherstoboycottproducts,puttingthereputationofthetargetcompanyatrisk.Insuchacase,thecompany'sresponsemaynotbesufficientlyquickorthoughtful,andthelearningcurvehasbeensteep.ToyotaMotor,forexample,alleviatedsomeofthedamagefromitsrecallcrisisearlierthisyearwitharelativelyquickandwell-orchestratedsocial-mediaresponsecampaign,whichincludedeffortstoengagewithconsumersdirectlyonsitessuchasTwitterandthesocial-newssiteDigg.31.Consumersmaycreate“earned”mediawhentheyare____.()[单选题]*A]obsessedwithonlineshoppingatcertainWebsites.(正确答案)[B]inspiredbyproduct-promotinge-mailssenttothem.[C]eagertohelptheirfriendspromotequalityproducts.[D]enthusiasticaboutrecommendingtheirfavoriteproducts.32.AccordingtoParagraph2,soldmediafeature____.（）[单选题]*A]asafebusinessenvironment.B]randomcompetition.C]strongusertraffic.(正确答案)D]flexibilityinorganization.33.TheauthorindicatesinParagraph3thatearnedmedia____.（）[单选题]*A]inviteconstantconflictswithpassionateconsumers.B]canbeusedtoproducenegativeeffectsinmarketing.(正确答案)C]mayberesponsibleforfiercercompetition.D]deserveallthenegativecommentsaboutthem.34.ToyotaMotor'sexperienceiscitedasanexampleof____.（）[单选题]*A]respondingeffectivelytohijackedmedia.(正确答案)B]persuadingcustomersintoboycottingproducts.C]cooperatingwithsupportiveconsumers.D]takingadvantageofhijackedmedia.35.Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?____.（）[单选题]*A]Alternativestoconventionalpaidmedia.(正确答案)B]Conflictbetweenhijackedandearnedmedia.C]Dominanceofhijackedmedia.D]Popularityofownedmedia.Text4

It'snosurprisethatJenniferSenior’sinsightful,provocativemagazinecoverstory“ILoveMyChildren,IHateMyLife,”isarousingmuchchatternothinggetspeopletalkinglikethesuggestionthatchildrearingisanythinglessthanacompletelyfulfillinglife-enrichingexperience.Ratherthanconeludingthatchildrenmakeparentseitherhappyormiserable,Seniorsuggestsweneedtoredefinehappiness:insteadofthinkingofitassomethingthatcanbemeasuredbymoment-to-momentjoy,weshouldconsiderbeinghappyasapast-tensecondition.Eventhoughtheday-to-dayexperienceofraisingkidscanbesoul-crushinglyhardSeniorwritesthat“theverythingsthatinthemomentdampenourmoodscanlaterbesourcesofintensegratificationanddelight.”

ThemagazinecovershowinganattractivemotherholdingacutebabyishardlytheonlyMadonna-and-childimageonnewsstandsthisweek.Therearealsostoriesaboutnewlyadoptive-andnewlysingle-momSandraBullockaswellastheusual“JenniferAnistonispregnant”news.Practicallyeveryweekfeaturesatleastonecelebritymom,ormom-to-be,smilingonthenewsstands.

Inasocietythatsopersistentlycelebratesprocreation,isitanywonderthatadmittingyouregrethavingchildrenisequivalenttoadmittingyousupportkitten-killing?Itdoesn’tseemquitefair,then,tocomparetheregretsofparentstotheregretsofthechildless.Unhappyparentsrarelyareprovokedtowonderiftheyshouldn’thavehadkids,butunhappychildlessfolksarebotheredwiththemessagethatchildrenarethesinglemostimportantthingintheworld:obviouslytheirmiserymustbeadirectresultofthegapingbaby-sizeholesintheirlives.

Ofcourse,theimageofparenthoodthatcelebritymagazineslikeUsWeeklyandPeoplepresentishugelyunrealistic,especiallywhentheparentsaresinglemotherslikeBullock.Accordingtoseveralstudiesconcludingthatparentsarelesshappythanchildlesscouples,singleparentsaretheleasthappyofall.Noshockthere,consideringhowmuchworkitistoraiseakidwithoutapartnertoleanon;yettohearSandraandBritneytellit,raisingakidontheir“own”(read:withround-the-clockhelp)isapieceofcake.

It'shardtoimaginethatmanypeoplearedumbenoughtowantchildrenjustbecauseReeseandAngelinamakeitlooksoglamorous:mostadultsunderstandthatababyisnotahaircut.Butit'sinterestingtowonderiftheimagesweseeeveryweekofstress-free,happiness-enhancingparenthoodaren’tinsomesmall,subconsciouswaycontributingtoourowndissatisfactionswiththeactualexperienceinthesamewaythatasmallpartofushopedgetting“theRachel”mightmakeuslookjustalittlebitlikeJenniferAniston.36.JenniferSeniorsuggestsinherarticlethatraisingachildcanbring____.（）[单选题]*A]temporarydelight.(正确答案)B]enjoymentinprogress.C]happinessinretrospect.D]lastingreward.37.WelearnfromParagraph2that____.（）[单选题]*A]celebritymomsareapermanentsourceforgossip.(正确答案)B]singlemotherswithbabiesdeservegreaterattention.C]newsaboutpregnantcelebritiesisentertaining.D]havingchildrenishighlyvaluedbythepublic.38.ItissuggestedinParagraph3thatchildlessfolks____.（）[单选题]*A]areconstantlyexposedtocriticism.(正确答案)B]arelargelyignoredbythemedia.C]failtofulfilltheirsocialresponsibilities.D]arelesslikelytobesatisfiedwiththeirlife.39.AccordingtoParagraph4,themessageconveyedbycelebritymagazinesis____.（）[单选题]*A]soothing.(正确答案)B]ambiguous.C]compensatory.D]misleading.40.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?（）[单选题]*A]Havingchildrencontributeslittletotheglamourofcelebritymoms.(正确答案)B]Celebritymomshaveinfluencedourattitudetowardschildrearing.C]Havingchildrenintensifiesourdissatisfactionwithlife.D]Wesometimesneglectthehappinessfromchildrearing.PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Nodisciplineshaveseizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmasthehumanities.Youcan,Mr.Menandpointsout,becomealawyerinthreeyearsandamedicaldoctorinfour.Buttheregulartimeittakestogetadoctoraldegreeinthehumanitiesisnineyears.Notsurprisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoralstudentsinEnglishdropoutbeforegettingtheirdegrees.

[B]Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:literature,languages,philosophyandsoon.Thesearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajorinbusinesscomparedwithonly2%inhistoryand4%inEnglish.However,manyleadingAmericanuniversitieswanttheirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideasthateveryeducatedpersonshouldpossess.Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata“generaleducation”shouldlooklike.AtHarvard,Mr.Menandnotes,“thegreatbooksarereadbecausetheyhavebeenread”—theyformasortofsocialglue.

[C]Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsforwhichtheyenteredgraduateschool.Therearesimplytoofewposts.ThisispartlybecauseuniversitiescontinuetoproduceevermorePhDs.Butfewerstudentswanttostudyhumanitiessubjects:Englishdepartmentsawardedmorebachelor'sdegreesin1970-71thantheydid20yearslater.Fewerstudentsrequirefewerteachers.So,attheendofadecadeofthesis-writing,manyhumanitiesstudentsleavetheprofessiontodosomethingforwhichtheyhavenotbeentrained.

[D]OnereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycutacrosstheinsistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationandprofessionaleducationshouldbekeptseparate,taughtindifferentschools.Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatesendupinlaw,medicineorbusiness,futuredoctorsandlawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegreebeforeembarkingonaprofessionalqualification.

[E]Besidesprofessionalisingtheprofessionsbythisseparation,topAmericanuniversitieshaveprofessionalisedtheprofessor.Thegrowthinpublicmoneyforacademicresearchhasspeededtheprocess:federalresearchgrantsrosefourfoldbetween1960and1990,butfacultyteachinghoursfellbyhalfasresearchtookitstoll.Professionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofadoctoraldegreeintoaprerequisiteforasuccessfulacademiccareer:aslateas1969athirdofAmericanprofessorsdidnotpossessone.Butthekeyideabehindprofessionalisation,arguesMr.Menand,isthat“theknowledgeandskillsneededforaparticularspecialisationaretransmissiblebutnottransferable.”Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjustovertheproductionofknowledge,butalsoovertheproductionoftheproducersofknowledge.

[F]Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,concludesMr.Menand,istoalterthewayinwhich“theproducersofknowledgeareproduced.”Otherwise,academicswillcontinuetothinkdangerouslyalike,increasinglydetachedfromthesocietieswhichtheystudy,investigateandcriticise“Academicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,mayneedtobecomelessexclusionaryandmoreholistic.”Yetquitehowthathappens,Mr.Menanddoesnotsay.

[G]ThesubtleandintelligentlittlebookTheMarketplaceofIdeas:ReformandResistanceintheAmericanUniversityshouldbereadbyeverystudentthinkingofapplyingtotakeadoctoraldegree.Theymaythendecidetogoelsewhere.ForsomethingcurioushasbeenhappeninginAmericanuniversities,andLouisMenand,aprofessorofEnglishatHarvardUniversity,captureditskillfully.41.[填空题]_________________________________(答案：B)42.[填空题]*_________________________________(答案：D)43.[填空题]*_________________________________(答案：A)44.[填空题]*_________________________________(答案：C)45.[填空题]*_________________________________(答案：F)PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Withitsthemethat“Mindisthemasterweaver,”creatingourinnercharacterandoutercircumstances,thebookAsaManThinkethbyJamesAllenisanin-depthexplorationofthecentralideaofself-helpwriting.

(46)Allen'scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare—thatbecausewearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts—andrevealitserroneousnature.Becausemostofusbelievethatmindisseparatefrommatter,wethinkthatthoughtscanbehiddenandmadepowerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.However,Allenbelievedthattheunconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionastheconsciousmind,and(47)whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrolthroughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:“WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat?”

Sincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonotaccord

withdesire,Allenconcluded:“Wedonotattractwhatwewant,butwhatweare.”

Achievementhappensbecauseyouasapersonembodytheexternalachievement;you

don't“get”successbutbecomeit.Thereisnogapbetweenmindandmatter.

PartofthefameofAllen'sbookisitscontentionthat“Circumstancesdonotmakea

person,theyrevealhim.”(48)Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthoseinneed,

andarationalizationofexploitation,ofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetopandthe

inferiorityofthoseatthebottom.

This,however,wouldbeaknee-jerkreactiontoasubtleargument.Eachsetof

circumstances,howeverbad,offersauniqueopportunityforgrowth.Ifcircumstances

alwaysdeterminedthelifeandprospectsofpeople,thenhumanitywouldneverhave

progressed.Infact,(49)circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobringoutthebestinus,

andifwefeelthatwehavebeen“wronged”thenweareunlikelytobeginaconscious

efforttoescapefromoursituation.Nevertheless,asanybiographerknows,aperson's

earlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatestgifttoanindividual.

ThesoberingaspectofAllen'sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforourpresentconditionexceptourselves.(50)Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedin

knowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayof

limitations,nowwebecomeauthoritiesofwhatispossible.46.[填空题]_________________________________答案解析：艾伦的贡献在于，他提出“我们并非机器人，因此可以掌控自己的思想”这一公认的假设，并揭示了其谬误所在。47.[填空题]_________________________________答案解析：尽管我们或许可以仅凭意识来维系“控制”这种错觉，现实中我们还是要不断面对一个问题：“我为什么不能让自己做这个或实现那个?”48.[填空题]_________________________________答案解析：这似乎是在为忽视贫困者的行为作辩护，为剥削、为社会上层人群的优越及社会底层人群的卑微找理由。49.[填空题]*_________________________________答案解析：环境仿佛就是为了激发我们的最大潜能而设，如果我们觉得自己遭遇了“不

公”，就不太可能有意识地去努力摆脱自己的处境。SectionⅢWriting

PartA

51.Directions:

Writealettertoafriendofyoursto

1)recommendoneofyourfavoritemoviesand

2)givereasonsforyourrecommendation.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourown