2024年高考重点复习知识点之“阅读理解主旨大意题”

复习材料

考点41阅读理解主旨大意题

高考频度：★★★★★

高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速扫瞄正确

猎取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及区分主要信息和次要信

息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括

能力，透过字里行间猎取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的感情倾向。

在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下：

(1)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?/Whatisthetopicofthetext?

(2)Themaintopic/subjectofthepassageis.

(3)Themainidea/Thegeneralideais/Themainthemeofthispassageis...

(4)Thelastparagraphendsthepassagewithanemphasison.

(5)Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?

(6)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

(7)What'sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?

(8)Thepurposeofthispassageis.

(9)Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext?

(10)Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizedthepassage?

(11)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.

从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心

思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。下面结合高考题实例来具体分析此类题目的解题技巧。

怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意

——主题句定位法

文章是由段落组成的。段落是开展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思

想又是为文章整体的中心思想效劳的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小

段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要

表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。"主题句定位法〃是一种行之有效的

复习材料

方法。

但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下,

尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，依据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主

题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾〔含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾照顾的主题句)。

因此，认真阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类真题多采纳扫瞄法(skimming),扫瞄时，一

般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。

文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来表达，有以下五种情况：

1.中心主题句出现在文首

开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或开展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见

的演绎法写作方法，即由一般到特别，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。

新闻报道通常就采纳这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为‘新闻导语"，"导语"实际上就是主题句，是

对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。学&科网

典例周新

（2024,新课标卷I）Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimesthere

hasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whenthetheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightly

knit（联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelieve

that10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languages

betweenthem.

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecame

moresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcentres,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateand

thespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation.Especiallyglbalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfew

decades,allhavecausedmanyLanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish.Spanishand

Chineseareincreasinglytakingover.

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.The

generalruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot.wetzoneshave

lots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmericasabout1,000.Africa2400;

andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themedian

number（中位数）ofspeakersisamere6.000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeople

thanthat.

复习材料

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡)，withonlyafewelderly

speakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).Lipan

ApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemsto

havemuchchanceofsurvival.

31.Whatistheminideaofthetext?

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.

B.Peopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguages

C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages

D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.

【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的开展人类言语越来越少及其原因。

【答案】C

【解析在旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears

butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.可知,语言的产生和消失进行了几

千年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。

2.主题句出现在文尾

在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方法,

即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。

典例制折

ThefamousAmericangorilla(大猩猩)expertDianeFosseyhadacompletelynewwaytostudygorillas一she

pretendedtobeoneofthem.Shecopiedtheiractionsandwayoflife-eatingplantsandgettingdownonher

handsandkneestowalkthewayagorilladoes.Itwasanewrelationship.

DianeFosseywasmurderedinRwandain1985andherstorywasmadeintothepopularfilmGorillasinthe

Mist.ItwasalongwayfromKingKong,whichisaboutagorillaasamonster(afrighteninganimal),andhelpedto

showanewidea:therealmonsterisman,whilethegorillaistobeadmired.

Todaytherearethoughttobearound48,000lowlandgorillasandmaybe400—450mountaingorillasinthe

wild.FromtheCongoinWestAfrica,toRwandaandUgandafurthereast,theyareendangeredbyhuntingandby

thecuttingdownoftheirforesthomes.

复习材料

Sometimeago,IfoundinmyletterboxalittlemagazinefromtheWorldWideFundforNature.Ithadtwo

photossidebyside.Onewasofayounggorilla.t6Thisisaspeciesofmammal（哺乳类动物）,“saidthewords

belowit."Itisblingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforoueowogood."Theotherphotoshowedahuman

baby.Thewordsalsoread,t6Thisisaspeciesofmammal/butthenwenton:"Itisthemostdestructive（破坏1生

的）onearth.Wemustretrainitforitsowngood.”

56.Thetextmainlytalksabout.

A.DianeFosseyB.thegorillasinRwanda

C.theprotectionofthegorillasD.thefilmGorillasintheMist

【答案】c

【解析】文章第一段谈到DianeFossey对大猩猩的研究；第二段谈到根据她的事迹所拍摄的影片；第三段

谈到了大猩猩数量减少的原因；最后一段谈到保护大猩猩的宣传的措施。前面三段都是为最后一段做铺垫

的，从最后一段的“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood."可知，最主要的目的还是要

人们保护大猩猩。

3.首尾照顾的写作方法

为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾照顾的写作方法也较为多见。通常，

前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或开展的意味。

典例制折

Lacrosse（曲棍球）isapopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrainfor

war.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.

Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.

Thegoalisanet.Therearetenplayersoneachteam.Eachplayerhasastickcalled“cross”.Theplayerhitaball

intothenetasmanytimesaspossible.Lacrosseisaveryfastgamebecausetheplayerscancatchandpasstheball

atahighspeedwiththeirsticks.Playersoftengetgreatfunitplayinglacrosse.

TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthe

lacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.

AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.

l.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.HowtoPlayLacrosse

B.LacrosseinCanada

复习材料

C.TheHistoryofLacrosse

D.Lacrosse-APopularGameinCanada

【答案】D

【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加里大很受欢迎”，显然选项D最符合短文的主题。

4.中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句

阅读这样的文章，就要求考生依据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。

分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳

形成主题。该类型的真题则迎刃而解。

骐例制折

Handshaking,thoughaEuropeanpracticeisoftenseeninbigcitiesofChina.Nobodyknowsexactlywhenthe

practicestartedinEurope.ItissaidthatlonglongagoinEuropewhenpeoplemet,theyshowedtheirunarmed（无

武器的）handstoeachotherasasignofgoodwill.Astimewentonandtradeincitiesgrewrapidly,peopleincities

begantoclapeachother5shandstomakeadealortoreachanagreement.Thispracticewaslaterchangedinto

shakinghandsamongfriendsonmeetingorleavingeachother."Let'sshake（hands）onit“sometimesmeans

agreementreached.

DotheEuropeansshakehandswherevertheygoandwithwhomevertheymeet?No.SometimestheChinese

abroadreachouttheirhandstoooftentobepolite.Itisreallyveryimpolitetogiveyourhandwhentheotherparty,

especiallywhenitisawoman,showslittleinterestinshakinghandswithyouandwhenthemeetingdoesnotmean

anythingtohimor-her.Evenif,forpoliteness,heholdsouthisunwillinghandinanswertoyouruninvitedhand,

justtouchitslightly.Thereisgenerallyamisunderstanding（误解）amongtheChinesethatwesternersareusually

openandstraightforward,whiletheChineseareratherreserved（保守的）inmanner.Butinfactsomepeoplein

westerncountriesmorereservedthansomeChinesetoday.Soitisagoodideatoshakehandswithawesterneronly

whenheshowsinterestinfurtherrelationswithyou.

65.Thefirstparagraphmainlytellsus.

A.wherehandshakingwasfirstpractised

B.howhandshakingcameabout

C.abouttherelationshipbetweenhandshakingandtrade

D.aboutthepracticeofhandshakingbothinEuropeandinChina

【答案】B

复习材料

【解析】主旨大意题。在文章第一段说明了握手的来历。实际上也就是谈论握手是怎样产生的。

67.Themainpurposeofthetextis.

A.totellussomedifferencesbetweentheEastandtheWest

B.toofferussomeimportantfactsabouthandshaking

C.tointroduceustosomedifferentcustomsintheWest

D.togiveussomeadvicebeforewetravelabroad

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题。本文没有明确主题句，中心主题隐含在全文之中。根据全文内容可知，文章主

要介绍了握手的一些具体情况。

4.主题句出现在文章的中间

通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或符合逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步

的解释、支撑或开展。

典例剧折

TheSaharaFestivalisacelebrationoftheveryrecentpast.Thethree-dayeventisnotfixedtothesamedates

eachyear,butgenerallytakesplaceinNovemberorDecember.Itiswellattendedbytourists,butevenbetter

attendedbylocals.

Duringtheopeningceremonies,aftertheofficialgreetingsfromthegovernmentleaders,peoplewhoattend

thefestivalbegintomarchsmartlybeforetheviewingstands,andwhitecamelstransporttheirridersacrossthe

sands.Horsemenfromdifferentnationsdisplaytheirbeautifulclothesandtheirfinehorsemanship.Onefollowing

another,groupsofmusiciansanddancersfromallovertheSaharataketheirturntoshowofftheirwonderful

traditionalculture.Groupsofmeninblueandyellowplayhornsandbeatdrumsastheydanceindifferentdesigns.

Ontheirkneesinthesand,agroupofwomeninlongdarkdressesdancewiththeirhair:theirlong,dark,shinyhair

isthrownbackandforthinthewindtotherhythmoftheirdance.

67.Thispassagemainlytellsreaders.

A.whathappensontheopeningdayoftheSaharaFestival

B.howpeoplecelebrateduringthethree-daySaharaFestival

C.whattakesplaceattheclosingceremoniesoftheSaharaFestival

D.howanimalsraceonthefirstandthelastdaysoftheSaharaFestival

复习材料

【答案】A

【解析】从文中第二段第一句话"DuringtheopeningceremoniesJ可以看出，本文主要是介绍"撒哈拉节"开幕

式上的活动。答案选A。

怎样给阅读文章整体加注标题

——高度概括法

对文章主旨大意的考察，不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现，而且也可以用选择

或拟定文章标题的形式出现。因此，选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大意实在定方法，先弄清文章的主

旨大意，再定标题。

标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。

标题可援助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。那么如何选

择文章的标题呢？

首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体

现文章主旨。要预防以下三种情况：①概括不够（多表现为局部代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过

度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。学&科网

其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的根底上，

认真考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有紧密的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中心就不突出，

太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变言语的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语，

也可以是句子。

再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂

和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般

比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。

最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的根本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标题是以话题为

核心，与操作性概念的词按肯定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。比方某一文章的中心句

为：CHINAissuedthefirstsetofstampsdepictingthetop128ChinesefamilynamesonThursdayNov.18th

2024inBeijing.

话题：Stamps

操作性概念：CHINAissuedthefirstsetofstampsdepictingthetop128Chinesefamilynames

标题：Chinaissued1stsetofstampsonfamilynames

复习材料

典例尚折

（中原名校豫南九校2024—2024学年高三第三次联考）August8,wasEarthOvershootDay.Calculated

annuallybytheenvironmentaladvocacy（支持，拥护）group,GlobalFootprintNetwork（GFN）,itisthedaywhen

humanhasconsumedallthenaturalresources-produce,meat,fish,water,andwood-thatourplanetcan

regenerate（再生）inasingleyear.Thismeansthatfortherestof2024,wewillbeusingnaturalresourcesthatare

impossibletoreplace.

Forthosethatarealittleconfused,itissimilartospendingyourentireyear'sallowancebyAugustandthen

borrowingmoneyfromfriends,knowingfullywellthatyoucannotrepaytheloan.GFNsaysthatthesamething

happensinthecaseoftheEarth.

ThedateofEarthOvershootDayvarieseachyear.Inanideal,fullysustainableworld,weshouldonlyspend

whatwehave.ThismeansthatEarthOvershootDaywouldfallonDecember31,orperhapsevenspillintothe

followingyear,indicatingthatwearesavingsomeresourcesforarainyday.Thatdidhappenin1961,whenwe

onlyconsumedthree-quartersofwhattheplanetproduced.

Unfortunately,thedayhasbeengoinguprapidlysince2024whenitfellonAugust19.In2024,itwasAugust

13,andthisyear,theearliestsofar-August8!Theonlywaytosustainthisdemandwouldbetohave1.6earths,

whichasweallknow,isnotpossible.

Fortunately,expertssaythatthesituationisnotasgrimasitsounds.Manycountriesarealreadytakingsteps

toreducecarbonemissions,whichaccountsfor60%ofourecologicalfootprint,byswitchingtosolaror

wind-generatedpower.

Individualscanalsohelpbyeatinglessmeat,walking,biking,ortakingpublictransportation,aswellas

adoptingthethreeR's:Reduce,Reuse,andRecycle.Ifweallworktogether,wecanhelppushbackEarth

OvershootDaytoDecember31,orevenbeyond!

27.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.AWarning:EarthOvershootDay

B.ACelebration:EarthOvershootDay

C.AReminder:Reduce,Reuse,andRecycle

D.AnAdvertisement:GlobalFootprintNetwork

复习材料

【文章大意】本文是一篇环保类说明文。文章介绍了EarthOvershootDay。今年在八月八号我们就已

经消耗掉今年全年的可再生资源，接着又介绍了EarthOvershootDay的计算方法。通过介绍EarthOvershoot

Day,作者呼吁人们瀛少资源浪费。

【答案】A

【解析】今年的EarthOvershootDay是八月八号，即我们今年在八月八号就已经消耗掉我们今年全年的可

再生资源。本文通过介绍EarthOvershootDay告诉人们要减少资源浪费，所以最正确标题应是A项。

检测训练

题组一（2024年高考真题）

Passage1（2024•新课标卷I,B）

GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscooking

upastorminherlatestrole一showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.

InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbutt

offerstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGood

MorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'sleantintopracticeinherownhome,

preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.

"WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant/she

explains.nIpay£5foraportion（——份），butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugar

andoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfood

ourselves.n

Theeight-partseries（系歹U节目）,SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:

GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeach

week.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.

Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?

A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.

复习材料

C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.

25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?

A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.

C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.

26.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?

A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.Providesomeadvicefbrthereaders.

C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.

27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB.BalancingOurDailyDiet

C.MakingyourselfaPerfectChefD.CookingWellforLess

Passage2（2024•新课标卷II,D）

We'veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeply

focusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.

Whafstheproblem?Ifspossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.Ifsmorelikely

thatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit'sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit'sannoyingandunnecessary.

Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit'san

invaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.

Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan,tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn't

evenexistifitweren'tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease（润滑剂）forsocialcommunication,says

BernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast."Almosteverygreat

lovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,"heexplains."Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkis

learninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.n

Ina2024study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoa

coffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction（互动）withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhen

necessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelings

andabettercoffeeshopexperience."Ifsnotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,nsays

Dunn."Butinteractionswithperipheral（边缘的）membersofoursocialnetworkmatterfbrourwell-beingalso."

Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abond

withothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk."Smalltalkisthebasisof

goodmanners,"hesays.

复习材料

32.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?

A.Addictiontosmartphones.

B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.

C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.

D.Impatiencewithslowservice.

33.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?

A.Showinggoodmanners.B.Relatingtootherpeople.

C.Focusingonatopic.D.Makingbusinessdeals.

34.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?

A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.B.Itraisespeople'sconfidence.

C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk.D.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.

35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ConversationCountsB.WaysofMakingSmallTalk

C.BenefitsofSmallTalkD.UncomfortableSilence

Passage3（2024•新课标卷III,B）

Citiesusuallyhaveagoodreasonforbeingwheretheyare,likeanearbyportorriver.Peoplesettleinthese

placesbecausetheyareeasytogettoandnaturallysuitedtocommunicationsandtrade.NewYorkCity,forexample,

isnearalargeharbouratthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.Over300yearsitspopulationgrewgraduallyfrom800

peopleto8million.Butnotallcitiesdevelopslowlyoveralongperiodoftime.Boomtownsgrowfromnothing

almostovernight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,wasunmappedwilderness（荒野）.Butgoldwasdiscoveredtherein

1897,andtwoyearslater,itwasoneofthelargestcitiesintheWest,withapopulationof30,000.

DawsondidnothaveanyofthenaturalconveniencesofcitieslikeLondonorParis.Peoplewentthereforgold.

Theytravelledoversnow-coveredmountainsandsailedhundredsofmilesupicyrivers.ThepathtoDawsonwas

coveredwiththirtyfeetofwetsnowthatcouldfallwithoutwarming.Anavalanche（雪崩）onceclosedthepath,

killing63people.FormanywhomadeittoDawson,however,therewardswereworththedifficulttrip.Ofthefirst

20,000peoplewhodugforgold,4,000gotrich.About100ofthesestayedrichmenfortherestoftheirlives.

Butnomatterhowrichtheywere,Dawsonwasnevercomfortable.Necessitieslikefoodandwoodwerevery

expensive.Butsoon,thegoldthatDawsondependedonhadallbeenfound.Thecitywascrowdedwithdisappointed

peoplewithnointerestinsettlingdown,andwhentheyheardtherewerenewgolddiscoveriesinAlaska,theyleft

DawsonCityasquicklyastheyhadcome.Today,peoplestillcomeandgo-toseewheretheCanadiangoldrush

复习材料

happened.TourismisnowthechiefindustryofDawsonCity——itspresentpopulationis762.

24.WhatattractedtheearlysettlerstoNewYorkCity?

A.Itsbusinessculture.

B.Itssmallpopulation.

C.Itsgeographicalposition.

D.Itsfavourableclimate.

25.WhatdoweknowaboutthosewhofirstdugforgoldinDawson?

A.Two-thirdsofthemstayedthere.

B.Oneoutoffivepeoplegotrich.

C.Almosteveryonegaveup.

D.Halfofthemdied.

26.WhatwasthemainreasonformanypeopletoleaveDawson?

A.Theyfoundthecitytoocrowded.

B.Theywantedtotrytheirluckelsewhere.

C.Theywereunabletostandthewinter.

D.Theywereshortoffood.

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Theriseandfallofacity.

B.ThegoldrushinCanada.

C.Journeysintothewilderness.

D.TourisminDawson.

Passage4（2024•北京卷，A）

MyFirstMarathon（马拉松）

Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,

leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.

Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthen

hitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas"notathletic".

TheideathatIwas"notathletic”stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealized

runningwasabattleagainstmyselfnotaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthe

battleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!

复习材料

Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn,tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingand

nervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.

Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces（鞋带）becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.Notthestart

Iwanted!

Atmile3,1passedasign:”GOFORIT,RUNNERS!”

Bymile17,1becameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecourse

walkingabitandthenrunningagain.

Bymile21,1wasstarving!

AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthe

alarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.

Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalasthe

onethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.

Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗标签），Icannowcallmyself

a"marathonwinner.

36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor.

A.waswelltrainedB.feltscared

C.madeuphismindtorunD.losthope

37.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?

A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.

B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.

C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.

D.Toshareapreciousmemory.

38.Howwastheauthor9sfirstmarathon?

A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.

C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.

39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?

A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.

B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.

C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.

复习材料

题组二〔2024年高考真题）

Passagel（2024•新课标卷LB）

Someoftheworld'smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirst

annualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO（UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization）

recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying（联合）

voiceacrosscultures.

Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthe

musichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

IfsJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCen