模块四第9讲并列句和状语从句学案含解析

第9讲并列句和状语从句Ⅰ.语法填空1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moresothanthefamiliarnearside.2.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)When/Asheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist,theysmiledandpointeddowntheriver.3.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasrainingsohardthatwecouldn’thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.Ⅱ.完成句子1.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Iwaitedpatientlyuntil/tilltheoilwashot(直到油热).

2.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Actually,IstartedtolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold(当我七岁的时候),butIhavelongbeenoutofpractice(但是我已经很长时间没有练习了).

3.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)ThenIcansparesometimetolearnitagain,sothatwecanpracticetogether(这样我们就能一起练习)everyday.

4.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthing(因为我认为这是一件大事)forNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.

5.(2020·天津高考)Icannotmakemydecisionimmediately,butyouwillhearfrommesoon(但你不久就会收到我的信).

语法填空五谨记1.完整的句子中,如果两个单词或短语并列,要填并列连词;2.若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号,也没有连词,空格处必定填连词;3.牢记特殊句式中连词的运用;4.全面掌握九大状语从句的连接词,熟悉它们的用法;5.准确判断主从句的逻辑关系,同时要注意区分易混词。一、并列句并列句并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中,这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。并列连词的用法用法连词例句表并列、递进或顺承关系and,both...and...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also)...,not...but...等*Henotonlyreadthebookbutalsorememberedwhathehadread.表转折、对比关系but,while等*Itoftenrainsinthesouth,whileitseldomrainsinthenorth.表选择关系either...or...,or等*Nowyoucanhavearestoryoucangotothecinema.表因果关系for,so等*Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,forhiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.【点津】(1)“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型是近年来高考的热点,有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。※Hurryup,andyouwillcatchtheearlybus.※Onemorehourandwewillgeteverythingreadyfortakingoff.(2)下列句型中常用并列连词when:①begoingtodosth.when...“正要做某事,这时(突然)……”②beabouttodosth.when...“正要做某事,这时(突然)……”③beonthepointofdoingsth.when...“正要做某事,这时(突然)……”④bedoingsth.when...“正在做某事,这时(突然)……”⑤haddonesth.when...“刚做了某事,这时(突然)……”小题快练①ThemanagerwasillsoIwentinherplace.②Shelooksveryyoung,butsheisalreadyinher30’③Hewantstobeawriter,whileIwanttobeascientist.④Willhestillbethereorwillhehavegoneaway?

⑤Henotonlygaveusalotofadvice,butalsohelpedustostudyEnglish.

⑥Iwasjustleavingwhenthetelephonerang.二、状语从句常见状语从句连词1.时间状语从句(1)when,while与as引导的时间状语从句连词从句谓语动词用法指津when延续性动词非延续性动词从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生,也可以先后发生;当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构,而其主语和主句的主语一致,其表语又是一个名词时,就可以用由as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句while延续性动词从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as延续性动词强调主从句动作相伴发生,可译为“一边……一边……;随着”※WhenIgotothecinema,themoviehadalreadystarted.※Whilewewerechattingshewasreadingcomics.※Thingsaregettingbetterandbetterastimegoeson.(2)before与since引导的时间状语从句连词词义常用句式before在……之前;还未……就……;……才……;趁……;还没来得及……①Itwill(not)be+一段时间+before...“(没有)过……(时间)才……”②Itwasnotlongbefore...“不久……就……”③Itwas+时间段+before...“过了……(时间)才……”since自从……以来Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since...(从句用一般过去时)※Itwon’tbelongbeforeyouregretwhatyouhavedone.※Itwassometimebeforethedooropenedinresponsetohisring.※Ithasbeentwoyearssinceheworkedhere.(3)表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句①引导时间状语从句,且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有assoonas,themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...等。※Helefttheminuteyouturnedbacktowriteontheblackboard.※Directlytheteachercameineveryonewasquiet.※Thescienceofengineeringbeganassoonasmanlearnedtousetools.②hardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...中主句应用过去完成时,从句应用一般过去时;当nosooner...和hardly/scarcely...位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。※Hardlyhadthegamebegunwhenitstartedraining.※Nosoonerhadthewordsbeenspokenthanherealizedthatheshouldhaveremainedsilent.(4)until与till引导的时间状语从句连词位置用法注意事项until可以放在句首not...until可用于强调句型①until/till用于肯定句时主句的谓语动词是延续性动词,用于否定句时主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词②notuntil位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装till不可放在句首一般不用于强调句型※Youmustkeeponfightinguntil(till)thefinalvictorybelongstoyou.※Iwon’tgowithyouuntil(till)Ifinishedmyhomework.※Notuntilwepointedouttheirfaulttothemdidtheyrealizeit.(5)引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)after,whenever,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirst/lasttime,anytime,bythetime,theday/year等。※EverytimeIcatchsightofmyselfinthemirror,Ifeelsodisappointed.※Bythetimehegotthere,hisfriendshadalreadymovedupnorth.2.条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句的常见引导词if,unless,as/solongas,incase(万一),once,onconditionthat,provided/providing(that),supposing(that)等。※Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeunlessyoustartearlier.※Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepasecret.※Hewon’tbeagainstusinthemeetingprovidedthatweaskforhisadviceinadvance.(2)条件状语从句的时态用一般现在时代替一般将来时,用一般过去时代替过去将来时。※Ifyoufailintheexam,youwilllethimdown.3.让步状语从句引导词从句位置语序特别说明although灵活正常①although与though都可以与yet,still,nevertheless连用,但不能和but连用②though还可以作副词,意为“可是,然而”,置于句末③whoever,whatever,whomever,whichever还可以引导名词性从句,但“nomatter+疑问词”不可以though灵活正常或倒装as句首倒装(即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首,若表语是单数名词,前置时要省略冠词)while句首正常evenif与eventhough灵活正常nomatter+疑问词/疑问词+ever灵活正常whether...ornot句首正常※Although/Thoughhewasexhausted,(still)hekeptonworking.※Childas/thoughhewas,hedidquitewell.※Wemadeatripeventhoughtheweatherwasbad.※Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.(=Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.)4.结果状语从句(1)so...that中so后面跟形容词或副词。※Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tdothatbyhimself.(2)such...that中such后面跟名词。※Itissuchniceweatherthatwedecidetogotothebeach.5.原因状语从句(1)because用来回答why的提问,语气最强,一般放在主句之后。※—Whydidn’tyoutellme,Archie?—Becauseyoumighthavecasuallymentionedittosomebodyelse.(2)since/nowthat表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放在句首。※Sinceyouhavestartedthejob,youmightaswellfinishit.※Nowthatweareallpartoftheglobalvillage,everyonebecomesaneighbour.(3)as引导的从句常放在句首,说明次要的原因,主句说明结果,常用于口语中。※Thesituationremainsconfusedasbothsidesclaimsuccess.小题快练①Ididn’tgivemynamebecauseifIdidIthoughtyoumightnothavecome.②IwassotouchedthatIcouldn’tsleepthewholenight,andthoughtaboutbeingateacherinthefuture.③—Howlongdoyouthinkitissincehearrivedhere?—Nomorethanhalfayear,Ibelieve.④Unlessthesequestionsaresolved,theregionwillremainapowderkeg.⑤Itwasnotuntil1911thatthefirstofthevitaminswasidentified.

⑥Busyas/thoughshewas,shespentsometimetalkingwithme,helpingmeout.其他状语从句1.地点状语从句(1)where与wherever意义基本相同,但后者语气较强,多用于书面语。※ThechurchwasbuiltwheretherehadoncebeenaRomantemple.※Whereverthefilmstargoes,therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.(2)地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。※Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.2.目的状语从句(1)sothat/inorderthat引导的目的状语从句中需用情态动词can,could等。※Youhavetocarryableepersothattheycancallyouinatanytime.(2)forfearthat(唯恐,以防)与incase引导的目的状语从句中,谓语动词有时也用should/might/could+动词原形。※Hewasverycautiousforfearthatheshouldbeblamedforanythingwrong.3.方式状语从句(1)as引导方式状语从句,意为“按照”。※She’soldenoughtohavethefreedomtodoasshelikes.(2)asif和asthough的意义和用法基本一样;从句中可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实,也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实相反。※Thistimeitlooksasifwe’rereallygoingtogetsomewhere.※Localresidentssaiditwasasiftherehadbeenanuclearexplosion.4.比较状语从句(1)as...as;notso/as...as;thesame...as表示相同程度的比较,肯定句用as...as,否定句可用notas...as或notso...as。※Theveryfirstcanonofnursingistokeeptheairinsideasfreshastheairoutside.※IhaveneverseensomuchrainasfellthatFebruary.(2)than表示不同程度的比较,主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。※Iconsidernothingmoreimportantinmylifethansongwriting.小题快练①Housepricesvaryfromplacetoplaceandareusuallyhighwheretherearefamousschools.②Scientistshavecollectedmoredatathanexpected.③Shedoesn’tplayaswellashersister.④Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.

状语从句的时态呼应1.在when,assoonas,themoment,if,unless等引导的时间和条件状语从句中,遵循“主将从现”的原则,常常要用一般现在时表示将来的意义。※I’lltelephoneyouassoonasIgethome.※Wewillnotattackunlessweareattacked.2.since引导的时间状语从句:从句用一般过去时,主句用完成时态或现在完成进行时态。※Twoweekshaspassedsincethenewtermbegan.※Ihavebeenmissinghersincesheleft.3.nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when引导的时间状语从句:从句中用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时态。※Ihadhardlycomeintotheroomwhenitbegantorain.※Nosoonerhadtheyfinishedajobthanthenewtaskcame.4.在bythetime引导的时间状语从句中,这个词组常用来指到某一时间为止,主句常用完成时态。从句若用一般过去时,主句则用过去完成时态。※Shehadslippedintoacomabythetimeshereachedhospital.状语从句的省略和简化1.状语从句的“省略和简化”现象常存在于以下5种状语从句中:①由if,unless等引导的条件状语从句;②由although,though,evenif/though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when,while,as,before,after,until/till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as,asif等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as,than等引导的比较状语从句。2.状语从句省略必须同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致,或从句主语为it;②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。※When(themuseumis)completed,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.※If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.3.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:连词+形容词/名词/非谓语动词(doing/done/todo)/介词短语。※Workhardwhen(youare)young,oryou’llregret.※Although(heis)doinghisbestinmathsthesedays,hehasstillgotnogoodmarks.※Unless(youare)invitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.※Hestoodupasif(hewere)tosaysomething.小题快练Ⅰ.单句语法填空①Unlesschildrenbelievetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyconfident.②Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyearsbeforeyougetanotherone.③Whereheoncefeltlikegivingup,henowhasthedeterminationtopushfurtherandkeepongoing.④Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeopleuntilyoufigureitout.

⑤Fillintheapplicationasinstructed.

⑥Hemovesmoreslowlythanhissister.Ⅱ.完成句子①Itwasn’tlongbefore(不久)Ilearnedhowtodeveloprespectfulrelationshipswithmybossesandwhattoneofvoicetousewithkids.

②IwassotiredthatIfellasleepthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow(我的头一碰枕头).

③I’llhavemycomputerfixedimmediatelybecauseIneeditbadlyformywork(因为我的工作急需它).

④Youshouldn’tcometohispartyunless(youare)invited(除非被邀请).

⑤There’llbemoretrafficjamsandtemperatureswillcontinuetorise,sotheproblemsinourenvironmentwillgetevenworse,unlesswetakeactionnow(如果我们现在不采取措施).

Ⅰ.语法填空BigBenisthenicknameforthegreatbelloftheclockatthenorthendofthePalaceofWestminsterinLondon.Itssoundissowellknown1._________ithasoftenbeenusedinfilms.TheClockTowerwascompletedin1859andtheGreatClockstartedon31May,withtheGreatBell’sstrikes2._________(hear)forthefirsttimeon11July.Itcelebratedits150thanniversaryon31May2009,during3._________celebratoryeventstookplace.Thetowerhasbecomeoneofthemostoutstanding4._________(symbol)ofbothLondonandEngland.

TheClockToweryouseetodayisnotthefirsttowertobebuiltinParliament’sground.The5._________(origin)towerwasbuiltin1288—1290duringthereignofKingEdwardI.Unfortunately6._________bigfiredestroyedmostofthePalaceofWestminster.Architects7._________(invite)tosubmittheirdesignsandSirCharlesBarry’Withtimepassingby,thetopoftheClockTowerisleaningone-and-a-halffeeoffalevelpositionand9._________(get)worseeachyearnow,partlyasaresult10._________decadesofundergroundexcavation.

1.【解析】that。考查结果状语从句。so...that...为固定搭配,意为“如此……以至于”,故填that。2.【解析】heard。考查非谓语动词。在with的复合结构中,介词宾语theGreatBell’sstrikes与动词hear二者是被动关系,即敲钟的声音被听到,用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填heard。3.【解析】which。考查定语从句。本句是定语从句,其中31May2009是先行词,在定语从句中作介词during的宾语,指物要用which,定语从句中常把介词与关系词一起提到前面,即介词+关系代词which,表示在此期间。故填which。4.【解析】symbols。考查名词的复数形式。根据“oneof+名词复数”可知,空格后要跟名词的复数形式。故填symbols。5.【解析】original。考查形容词。本空格修饰名词tower,一般用形容词修饰名词,故填original。6.【解析】a。考查不定冠词。此处是表示数量,表示“一场”,故填a。7.【解析】wereinvited。考查时态和语态。主语Architects与动词invite二者是被动关系,即设计师是被动,表示设计师是“被邀请”要用被动语态;本文叙述的过去的事,要用一般过去时。综合可知,空格处要用一般过去时的被动形式,主语是复数,故填wereinvited。8.【解析】It。考查代词。根据语境可知,空格处指代上文中的theClockTower,英语中常用it指代上文提到的事,故填It。9.【解析】getting。考查时态。句末的时间状语now和上文中isleaning的运用都表明应该填现在进行时,强调动作现阶段正在进行。故填getting。10.【解析】of。考查介词。“asaresultof...”是固定搭配,意思是“因为;由于”,故填of。Ⅱ.语段填空Smileisamagiclanguagethateveryonecaneasilyunderstandwhereverheorshecomesfrom(无论他或她来自什么地方).Smileislikethegoldensunshinethatbringswarmthtopeople(给人们带来温暖)andmakesthemhappy.Smileistheshortestdistance(最短的距离)betweenpe