高中专项练习语法填空（词汇精析+长难句分析）讲义-高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

专项练习：语法填空（含解析+词汇精析+长难句分析）Haveyoueverconsidered

1

(grow)yourownfoodinsideyourhome?Scientistshavemade

2

a

reality.

AsmallmachinecalledCellPod,whichmaydojustthat,hasbeendeveloped.LauriReuter,

3

isabiologist

ofFinland,saysthatinsteadof

usingthecompleteplantasfood,scientists

simply

needtotakesomecellsfromtheplantandgrowthemintheCellPod.Likeanyothervegetables,

plantcellsaresafe

4

(eat).Besides,theyaregoodforyourbody,

5

theycanprovideimportant

vitaminsandenergy,

helpingyourbodytostay

6

(health).Thereareotherbenefits.“Thenewtechnologyisseen

7

agreatinventionwhichcanhelpsavesoil,

waterandothernaturalresources.Allyouneedtodo

8

(be)add

thecellsto

themachine,sitbackandthen

wait.Themachinedoestherestofthework,”

saysLauri.

“However,theplantcellsdonotlookverygoodwhen

theyare

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(full)

grown.Wealsoneedtomake

improvements

totheirtaste,”

Lauriadds.It

10

(hope)thattheCellPodwillbeputonthemarketinthenexttenyears.词汇锦囊①biologist

n.

生物学家②insteadof

代替；作为……的替换③cell

n.

细胞④add

sth.to

sth.

向某物中添加某物长难句分析AsmallmachinecalledCellPod,whichmaydojustthat,hasbeendeveloped.

(Para.1)这是一个主从复合句。“calledCellPod”为动词过去分词短语作___________；which引导___________，which在从句中作___________。

答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们开发了一种名为CellPod的小型机器，它能在家里种植食物。这种机器通过培养植物细胞来生长食物，既节省自然资源，又有利于健康，预计在未来十年内上市。【答案解析】1.growing

考查非谓语动词。considerdoingsth.是固定用法，意为“考虑做某事”。故填growing。2.it

考查代词。makeitareality意为“使它成为现实”，it指代上文中的“growingyourownfoodinsideyourhome”。故填it。3.who

考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“LauriReuter”，关系词在定语从句中作主语且指人。故填who。4.toeat考查非谓语动词。此处是be+形容词+todosth.结构，用主动形式表示被动意义。故填toeat。5.because

考查原因状语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导原因状语从句，解释前面“它们对人体有好处”的原因。故填because。6.healthy

考查词性转换。stay在此处为系动词，意为“保持；继续是”，设空处作表语，应用health的形容词形式。stayhealthy为固定搭配，意为“保持健康”。故填healthy。7.as

考查介词。beseenas...是固定搭配，意为“被看作……”。故填as。8.is

考查动词的时态和主谓一致。该句主语是“All”，表示一个整体。结合语境判断这里应用一般现在时。故填is。9.fully

考查词性转换。设空处修饰形容词“grown”，应用full的副词形式作状语。故填fully。10.ishoped考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。该句中，“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的主语从句。结合语境判断这里应用一般现在时，主语“It”为第三人称单数，be动词应用is。“It”指代的事情与hope之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态。故填ishoped。【长难句分析答案】后置定语；非限制性定语从句；主语China

has

launchedanewprojectinPapuaNewGuinea(PNG)tohelptheSouthPacificnationfurtherpromoteits

1

(agriculture)conditions.

Asplanned,a

newdemonstration

(示范)

base

2

(establish)inPortMoresbyto,

thecapitalcityofPNG,tohelppromotetheoutputofuplandriceandatypeofgrasscalled“Juncao”,

3

canbeusedtofeedcowsandsheep.JuncaotechnologywasfirstintroducedintoPNG

4

China

in1997.In1998,ateamestablishedthefirstbase.In2018,thetwosides

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(sign)anewdealtofurtherdeepentheircooperationinJuncaoanduplandriceplanting.“TheJuncaotechnologywasinvented

6

(help)China’sruralareastoshakeoff

poverty.Itcouldadaptto

theearthandclimateconditionsinPNGandissuitableforthelocalmarket,”

7

officercalledLinsaid.

Headdedthatthenewdemonstrationbasewouldhelpthelocalindustryachievebetter

8

(develop).Accordingtohim,thenewprojectwill

helpthelocalstoachievethetargetof

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(produce)about3,000tonsoffood,whichwill

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(effective)helpsolvethefoodproblemofmorethan10,000people.

词汇锦囊①launch

vt.发起，发动②promotevt.促进；推动③cooperationn.合作；协作④shakeoff

摆脱；甩掉长难句分析Accordingtohim,thenewprojectwill

helpthelocalstoachievethetargetof

9

(produce)about3,000tonsoffood,whichwill

10

(effective)helpsolvethefoodproblemofmorethan10,000people.

(Para.3)这是一个主从复合句。which引导___________，which在从句中作___________。答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国帮助巴布亚新几内亚发展农业，解决当地粮食问题的相关情况。【答案解析】1.

agricultural考查词性转换。“conditions”为名词，应用形容词修饰，故填agricultural。2.willbeestablished

考查动词的时态和语态。“anewdemonstrationbase”与提示词“establish”之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；根据句意及空前的“Asplanned”可知，一个新的示范区将被建立，故填willbeestablished。3.

which

考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示物的“Juncao（菌草）”，故填which。4.from

考查介词。根据句意可知，菌草技术是从中国引进的，表示“从……”应用介词from，故填from。5.

signed

考查动词的时态。该句的时间状语为“In2018”，且该空内容在句子中充当谓语，应用一般过去时，故填signed。6.tohelp

考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，菌草技术的发明是为了帮助中国农村地区摆脱贫困的，不定式表示目的，故填tohelp。7.

an

考查冠词。“officer”为可数名词，在文章中首次提到，表示泛指，应使用不定冠词修饰，“officer”的读音是以元音音素开头，故填an。8.

development

考查词性转换。动词“achieve”后缺少宾语，且设空前为形容词，形容词修饰名词，故填development。9.producing考查非谓语动词。“of”为介词，后跟名词性的词或短语作宾语，动词-ing形式具有名词的特征，故填producing。10.effectively考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词“help”。effective的副词形式为effectively，故填effectively。【长难句分析】非限制性定语从句；主语Asthesourceofalllife,waterplaysavitalrolein

Chineseculture,influencingbothChinesecivilizationandphilosophy.ManyChineselegendsreflectthe

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(admire)forwaterandthespiritofbravelyfightingnaturaldisasterscausedbywater.Yu,thefirstruleroftheXiaDynasty,

2

(successful)controlledthefloodsbydiggingwaterwayssothatthefloodwaters

couldflowintotheseasmoothly.TheDujiangyanIrrigationSysteminSichuan,first

3

(construct)in256BC,

tookadvantageofthelocalnaturalfeatureswithout

4

(damage)theenvironment.Additionally,water

5

(give)philosophicalmeaningstohelpnurture

Chinesepeopleandgovernthecountry,inspiringtheancientrulers

6

(respect)thewillofpeopleandfollowthelaws

ofnature.Confuciusbelievedwaterhaddiverse

7

(virtue)includingjustice,courageandrighteousness,so

8

wassuggestedthatpeopleshouldlearnfromwaterandcultivatetheirsenseofmorality.

Laozigavebirthto

theideaofovercominghardnesswithsoftnessandnon-action.Xunzicomparedarulerandhispeople

9

aboatandwatertoshowtheimportanceofthepeopleinsociety.Water,beinganessentialclementindailylife,isasymbolinChineseculture,

10

flowsthroughChinesecivilization.词汇锦囊①play

avitalrolein

...

在……发挥重要作用②nurture

vt.养育；培育③law

n.规律④givebirthto

使产生长难句分析Confuciusbelievedwaterhaddiverse

7

(virtue)includingjustice,courageandrighteousness,so

8

wassuggestedthatpeopleshouldlearnfromwaterandcultivatetheirsenseofmorality.

(Para.2)这是一个并列复合句。连词so连接两个并列分句。在第一个分句中，“believed”后面是一个省略引导词that的_________，“including”为动词-ing形式短语作_________；在第二个分句中，用

8

作_________，真正的主语是“thatpeopleshouldlearnfromwaterandcultivatetheirsenseofmorality”。答案与解析【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了水作为生命之源，影响着中华文明和哲学，从历史传说和哲学层面阐述了水的重要性。【答案解析】1.admiration

考查名词。根据空前的the可知，设空处应填入名词在句中作宾语。admire的名词形式为admiration。故填admiration。2.successfully

考查副词。分析句子可知，此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词“controlled”。s