北京市通州区2023-2024学年高一年级下册7月期末考试英语试题 （含答案）

通州区2023-2024学年第二学期高一年级期末质量检测

英语试卷

2024年7月

本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作

答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。

第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)

第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在

答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Reagan,abooklover,lookedupfromhisreadingasthebellrangovertheentrancetothebookstore.Puzzled,he

watchedforaminuteasDarya1towardthecounter(柜台)asiftoaskaquestion.Itdidn'tmakesensethat

Darya,oneoftheschooFstopathletes,wasinabookstore.Notwantingtobenoticed,Reagan2foundanother

volumetoread.Hewouldn'tknowwhattosayifshetriedtostartaconversationbecausehethoughttheytwowere

toodifferenttohaveanythingto3.

“Hey,Reagan.Hergreeting4him,andhisbreathcaughtinhisthroatasitbecameapparenthehadn't

escapedafterall."Maybeyoucanhelpme."Hedoubtedit,buthemanagedtochokeoutareply."Me?”"I'mtryingto

5abookonsoccerskills.Iwon'tbeabletogotocampoverspringbreak,andIneedtoimprovemygame

beforethenextseasonbegins.

Reaganswallowed,thenmotionedrandomlywithhishandsbeforehefoundhisvoice.C4Sure.Overhere.^^He

thoughtitwouldsaveconfusionifhejust6thewayratherthantrytopointherintherightdirection.Asshe

followedhimthroughtheshelves,hedaredtoimaginetheymightnotbeso7afterall.Hefeltabriefflashof

hope,thesunshiningsuddenlywhereallhadbeengray.8,oneofDarya5steammatesappearedasifoutof

nowhere,urginghertofinishanypurchases,ortheywouldbelateforpractice.Sighing,Reaganrealizednothinghad

reallychanged;thedifferenceswouldneverletthembreakdownthosebarriers,eveniftheysochose.

Instead,sheturnedtoReaganwitha9smile,“Thanksforyourhelp,andhey,maybewecouldplay

soccersometime?^^Surprisedbutpleased,Reagan'sheartleaptattheunexpected10,asignthatperhapsthe

barrierswerenotasinsurmountable(跨越)ashe'dthought.

1.A.rushedB.walkedC.droveD.turned

2.A.apparentlyB.obviouslyC.quicklyD.finally

3.A.talkaboutB.dealwithC.carryoutD.settlein

4.A.inspiredB.remindedC.attackedD.surprised

5A.locateB.figureC.gatherD.deliver

6.A.controlledB.ledC.designedD.made

7.A.particularB.uniqueC.differentD.determined

8.A.LuckilyB.ActuallyC.SlowlyD.Immediately

9.A.warmB.forcedC.crazyD.determined

10.A.congratulationB.invitationC.electionD.fortune

第二节（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Asafive-year-oldgirl,LinQiaozhiwasdeeplyaffectedbyhermother'sdeath.Atage18,insteadoffollowing

thetraditionalpathofmarriagelikethemajorityofgirls,she11(choose)tostudymedicine.C4Whyshould

girlslearnsomuch?12(find)agoodhusbandshouldbetheirfinalgoal!^^herbrothercomplained,thinkingof

thehightuitionfees.Sheresponded,i6Vdratherstayasingle13(study)allmy

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Intheafternoon,IheadedtoalocalmuseumthatshowedthehistoricalchangesinCalifornia.In1848,goldwas

discoverednearSanFrancisco,14startedagoldrush.Over300,000peoplecamefromallovertheworldto

seek15(they)fortune,andSanFranciscoquicklybecameabigcity.ManyChinesearrivedduringthisperiod.

16(earn)aliving,someopenedupshopsandrestaurants17Chinatown.Manyothersfoundjobson

farms,joinedthegoldrush,orwenttobuildtherailway.

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白

处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Spaceexplorationhasalreadypromotedtechnologicalimprovementsthatbenefitusall.High-endproducts

aroundtheworld18(make)toahigherstandardnowbecauseofadvancedtechnology.Forexample,space

technologies19(help)theresearchanddevelopmentofdifferenttypesofnewmaterial.Theyhavealso

helpedcompaniesmakebetterheartmonitorsandothermachinesthatdoctorsregularlyuse.Today,space

technologiesare20(wide)usedinallkindsofindustries.

第二部分：阅读理府共两节，38分)

第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该

项涂黑。

A

BritishScienceWeekishappeninginMarch."Time"isthisyear'stheme.ThemovementofplanetEarth

explainswhywehavedifferentseasonsovertheyearandwhyweneedtimezones.Microsecondaccuracykeepsour

computersystemstickingandhelpsglobalpositioningsatellitestoprovideuswithpreciselocationinformation.In

fact,timeisverynecessaryforusandiskeytosomanySTEMdiscoveries.Theweekhopestoraiseawarenessand

stimulateenthusiasmforSTEMsubjects.TherewillbelotsofeventsacrosstheUKandmanydifferentwaysforyou

toexperiencetime.

AstronomicalTime

AtTheRoyalObservatoryinGreenwich,London,youcanexploretheoriginsoftellingthetime,andhow

time-tellinginstrumentshaveevolved.We'llalsofindoutwhatsolutionsinventorsandinnovatorsofthepastcame

upwithtomeasuretime,helpsailorsatsea,andstandardizetime——ensuringpeopleinandacrosscommunitieswere

usingthesameorsimilartime.

MakingTime

TheMuseumofTimekeepingishometoafascinatingcollectionofclocks,watches,andtimepieces.Youcan

haveaguidedtourofthemuseumgalleriesandlistentosomeofthestoriesbehindtheartifacts.Youcanseethe

watchwornbyCaptainScottonhisill-fatedAntarcticexpeditionof1912andgettohearthevoiceofthefirst

SpeakingClock(aphonenumberyoucouldcalltofindoutwhattimeitwas).

PassingofTime

Formedoveronemillionyearsago,CheddarGorgeisBritain'sbiggestgorge(deep,narrowvalley).Itis137

metersdeepandthreemileslong.Itwascarvedbymeltwaterfloods,leavingbehindmysteriouscaves.Themost

famousisGough'sCave,whereBritain'soldestcompleteskeleton,knownastheCheddarMan,whichdatesback

over10,000yearsandwasdiscoveredin1903.Youcanfocusonhowourancestorslivedandunderstandthepast.

21.Wherecanyouexplorewhatmethodshavebeenproposedtomeasuretime?

A.TheRoyalObservatory.B.GreenwichPark.C.MuseumofTimekeeping.D.CheddarGorge.

22.WhatcanyoudiscoverattheMuseumofTimekeeping?

A.Instrumentsforseaexploration.B.Clockswatches,andtimepieces.

C.SomemusicaboutAntarcticexpedition.D.TheCheddarMan'scollectionofartifacts.

23.WhatisthesignificanceofCheddarGorge?

A.Itisthedeepestgorgeintheworld.B.Ittellshowthecavesweredestroyed.

C.Itshowswherethemeltwaterfloodscamefrom.D.Itprovidesinsightintohowourancestorslived.

24.WhatisthemainpurposeofBritishScienceWeek?

A.ToprovidetoursattheMuseumofTimekeeping.

B.Toexplorethehistoryoftimekeepinginstruments.

C.TohighlightthegeologicalhistoryofCheddarGorge.

D.TopromoteSTEMsubjectsthrougheventsrelatedtothethemeof"Time.”

B

Itwasthedayofthebigcross-countryrun.Studentsfromsevendifferentprimaryschoolsinandaroundthe

smalltownwerewarmingupandwalkingtheroutethroughthickevergreenforest.Ilookedaroundandfinally

spottedDavid,whowasstandingbyhimselfofftothesidebyafence.Hewassmallfortenyearsold.Hisusualbig

toothysmilewasabsenttoday.Iwalkedoverandaskedhimwhyhewasn'twiththeotherchildren.Hehesitatedand

thensaidhehaddecidednottorun.Whatwaswrong?Hehadworkedsohardforthisevent!

Iquicklysearchedthecrowdfortheschool'scoachandaskedhimwhathadhappened.a4Iwasafraidthatkids

6<

fromotherschoolswouldlaughathim5^^heexplaineduncomfortably.Igavehimthechoicetorunornot,andlethim

decide.9,1bitbackmyfrustration(懊恼).Iknewthecoachmeantwell-hethoughthewasdoingtherightthing.

AftermakingsurethatDavidcouldrunifhewanted,Iturnedtofindhimcomingtowardsme,hissmallbodyrocking

fromsidetosideasheswunghisfeetforward.

Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren,butatschoolhis

classmatesthoughtofhimasaregularkid.Healwaysparticipatedtothebestofhisabilityinwhatevertheywere

doing.ThatwaswhynoneofthechildrenthoughtitunusualthatDavidhaddecidedtojointhecross-countryteam.It

justtookhimlonger-that5sall.Davidhadnotmissedasinglepractice,andalthoughhealwaysfinishedhisrunlong

aftertheotherchildren,hedidalwaysfinish.Asaspecialeducationteacherattheschool,Iwasfamiliarwiththe

challengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination.

Davidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.Theracestarted.Therouteseemedlong,especially

fbrachildwithabraindisease.Davidinsistedonrunningasifhehadforgottenallhisweaknesses.Hetrippedwithin

thefirstfewkilometersbutquicklypickedhimselfupandcontinued.Classmatescheered,"'Comeon!Youcanmake

it!We'reproudofyou!^^

Toeveryone'sjoy,hereachedthefinishlineandranked20th.Itwasn'timportantwhetherhewonfirstplace.It

washisbraveheartandstrongfaiththatmadesomethingunusualhappen.

25.WhydidthecoachaskDavidtomakethedecision?

AThecoachdidn'twantDavidtogetinjured.B.ThecoachthoughtDavidwastooweaktorun.

C.ThecoachfearedDavidwouldbemadefunof.D.ThecoachbelievedDavidshouldfocusonhisstudies.

26.HowdidDavid'sclassmatesviewhimatschool?

A.Theyfeltsorryfbrhim.B.Theysawhimasanormalkid.

C.Theyoftenplayedtricksonhim.D.Theypreventedhimfromactivities.

27.WhatcanwelearnfromDavid'sstory?

A.Hewonfirstplacewithother9shelp.

B.Hewasthemostmodestamongallthechildren.

C.Hisbehavorsprovedhisheartdiseasewasaproblem.

D.Hisdeterminationandfaithmadetheachievementspecial.

C

SpaceexplorationhasproducedvaluableinsightsaboutEarth,thesolarsystemandbeyond.However,massive

spaceactivityoverthepastfewdecadeshasledtounintendedorbitaldebris(残骸).

Everylaunchofsatellitesorrocketsaddstotheproblem,increasingtheriskthatnegativelyinfluencesnotonly

spacemissionsbutalsofutureendeavors.Sincethe1957launchofSputnik-1,humanactivityinEarth'sorbithas

causedsignificantdistortionsinspace,raisingseriousconcernsaboutthedebrisleftbehind.

Thisever-increasingthreatcanbebestunderstoodthroughtheKesslersyndromeinspace.Thisphenomenon

occurswhenobjectsinlowEarthorbit(LEO)becomesocrowdedthattheybegintohiteachother,creatingmore

debrisandmorecollisions(碰撞)，thusresultinginchainreactionsofmergersandfissions.Manyexpertswarnthat

LEOismovingtowardsKessler'ssyndrome.

Accidentalcollisionsinspacealsoincreasetheorbitaloverload,suchasthe2009collisionbetweentwo

satellites,Kosmos2251andIridium33.Sucheventshaveworsenedtheorbitaldebrisproblemandraisedthe

prospectofdisastrousspaceconditions.

Theneedforsustainablespaceactivitiesandthereductionofspacedebrisisbeingemphasizedgloballyto

addresstherisingspacepollution.Therefore,governmentshaveissuedmanyregulatorymeasures,includingactive

debrisremoval(ADR)technologiesorpollutionprevention,whichareeitherplanned,tested,oralreadycarriedoutto

protectbothexistingspacecraftandonessettobelaunched.

Besidesregulatorymeasures,severalmitigatingmethodsarealsousedtoreducetheorbitaloverload.Onesuch

methodinvolvescausingasatellitetobreakdownnaturallybybringingitclosertoEarth'ssurfacesoitbumsupin

theatmosphere.Thismethodisconsideredcost-effectivebecausethedefunctsatellitecanbepushedtowardthe

Earth'ssurfaceataloweraltitudeusingaphysicaltoollikeanetoranair-burstingtool.Anothersimilartechnology

usesaharpoonthatisfiredinthedirectionofthetargetedspacecrafttocaptureitanddirectittowardsEarthinan

activemanner,causingthedebristodeorbitandplanatmosphericincineration.

Toreducethelong-termriskofcollisions,thefocusneedstobeonreducingtheamountofdebrisintheorbit.

Internationalcooperationandcontinuedinvestmentindebrisreductiontechnologiesarecarriedouttoreducethe

potentiallydisastrousconsequencesofanovercrowdedorbit.

28.Whatistheparimaryconcernregardingorbitaldebris?

A.Itsimpactonweatherpatterns.B.Itsimpactonfuturespacemissions.

C.Itsimpactonsatellitecommunication.D.Itsimpactonnaturalatmosphericprocesses.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigating“inParagraph6mostprobablymean?

A.Lessening.B.Worsening.C.Curing.D.Strengthening.

30.Whataresomeregulatoryandmitigationmeasurestoaddressspacedebris?

A.Frequentsatellitelaunches.B.Morespacetourismfortax.

C.Activedebrisremovaltechnologies.D.Morespacetelescopesformonitoring.

31.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Therearenoexistingmethodstoreducespacedebris.

B.Reducingspacedebriscallsforjointandfurtherefforts.

C.Thekesslersyndromeisaminorconcernforspacemissions.

D.Activedebrisremoval（ADR）technologiesaretheonlysolutiontospacedebris.

D

Aninternationalteamoffossil（化石）huntershasdiscoveredtheremainsofa“nursery“ofprehistoricsea

creaturesinChina.Thefossilsdatebacktoaround518millionyearsago-atimeknownastheCambrianPeriod,

whenalllifeonEarthlivedintheoceans.ItisveryraretofindsomanyfossilsfromtheCambrianPeriodinoneplace.

Thescientists,ledbyXianfengYangfromYunnanUniversity,found2,846fossilsfrom118differentspeciesat

thesite,nearthecityofKunming.Theyincludeancientancestorsofmodern-dayinsects,shellfishandworms,aswell

asextincttrilobites（三叶虫）.Seventeenofthespeciesdiscoveredarenewtoscience,andmorethanhalfofthe

fossilsareyounganimals.

Thishasledresearcherstotheconclusionthatthesitewasasortofdeep-seanurserywhereconditionswerewell

suitedforyoungcreaturestogrow.Whentheseabedwascoveredbysoftmud（泥）thesecreatures9remainswere

perfectlypreserved,eventuallycreatingalayeroffossil-richrock.

Alongsidehardbodyparts,likebonesandteeth,softtissuewasalsopreserved,whichisespeciallyimportant

whenlookingbacktoaperiodwhenmostanimalshadsoftbodies.Someofthefossilsaresowellpreservedthat

researchershavebeenabletospotbodypartsthey'veneverseenbefore.

Onebenefitofalltheyoungcreaturesfossilsisthatscientistswillbeabletolearnhowthecreatureschangedas

theyaged."We'llseehowdifferentbodypartsgrewoverexplainedresearcherJulienKimmig,fromPenn

StateUniversityintheUS,“whichissomethingwecurrentlydonotknowaboutformostofthesegroups.9,What's

more,Kimmigandhiscolleagueswillbeabletocomparethecreatureswithlivingthingstoday.44Wewillseeifhow

theseanimalsdeveloptodayissimilartohowtheydeveloped500millionyearsago,orifsomethinghaschanged

throughout

32.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefossilsfound?

A.Halfofthemareextinctseacreatures.B.Theyarespreadoutoverdifferentsites.

C.Someofthemarepreviouslyunknownspecies.D.Theybelongtorareanimalslivingintheoceans.

33Whatkeptthecreatures5remainsfrombeingdamaged?

A.Theywereprotectedinrocks.B.Theywereburiedinthedeepsea.

C.Theseafloorwascoatedwithmud.D.Theseabedwasingoodcondition.

34.Whatdoscientistswanttolearnfromthefossils?

A.Thecreatures5age.B.Changesinthecreatures9growth.

C.Similaritiesbetweenthesespeciesgroups.D.Thecreatures5impactonlivingthingstoday.

第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，共10分）.

根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项

涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Cultureshockisthefeelingofuncertainty,confusion,oranxietythatpeoplemaygetwhentheyliveinorvisit

anothercountrythatdiffersfromtheirown.35Itcanundoubtedlyaffectpeople'slives.Thefollowing

aresomewaystodealwithcultureshock.

Haveagoodunderstandingofcultureandcultureshock.Therearemanyfactorsthatmakeupaculture,

includingsharedbeliefs,traditionsandmorals36Ifsbecausetheyaresurroundedbypeoplewiththe

samebeliefsandvalues,andculturaldifferencesareonlyclearwhenyoumeetsomeoneelse'sculture.

Keepajournal（HiB）ofyourthoughts.37Andyouarefeelingabitoverwhelmed（不知所措的）

withtheculturethere.Ratherthangivingintoyouranxiety,writeitout.Writedownhowyoufeltatthemomentand

whattroubledyouormadeyouhappythatday.Youcanalsoputsomethingdownifyou'remissinganyonefromyour

hometown.38Don'tallowyourselftobecomearecluse（隐居者）duringthisexperience.Youcan

shareyourfeelingsandexperienceswithyourrelativesandfriends.Ifyouarestudyingabroadandhaveother

classmateswhohavesimilarfeelings,connectwiththemaswellaswiththosewhoareadjustingabitmoreeasily.

Dosomethingsyouusuallylike.Don'tallowthecultureshocktooccupyyourmind.Andtrytodosomething

interestingtoreplacearangeofnegativeemotions,includinganxiety,sadness,anger,homesickness,andsometimes

evendepression.39Orpracticeyourhobbieslikereadinganddancing.

A.Shareyourculture.

B.Talktoothersaboutyourexperiences.

C.Trytostepoutsideofyourownculture.

D.Sometimessuchafeelingcanbeverystrong.

E.Youcanwatchmoviesorlistentomusicthatyouenjoy.

F.Manypeopledon'trealizehowcultureinfluencesthem.

G.Perhapsyouhaverecentlymovedtoanewcityorcountry.

第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）

第一节（共6小题;每小题2分，共12分）

根据中文和给出的英文提示词语，完成下列英文句子。将答案写在答题卡指定区域内。

40.唐人街是多元文化的一个重要组成部分。（Chinatowns,diverseculture）（汉译英）

41.在那时候，来自中国的移民定居在这个地区。（immigrants,settle）（汉译英）

42.作为医生，我们必须对患者负责。（responsible,patients）（汉译英）

43.工作了几年之后，林医生被派往欧洲学习。（send,Europe）（汉译英）

44.太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。（explorespace,benefits）（汉译英）

45.在此之前，大部分人认为在太空旅行是一个无法实现的梦。（travellingintospace,im