教材知识全梳理29人教版2019必修三Unit2MoralsandVirtues（词汇短语句式）（原卷版）

Unit2MoralsandVirtues词汇1．marriagen．结婚；婚姻→marryvt.(和某人)结婚；嫁；娶→marriedadj.结婚的;已婚的→unmarriedadj.未婚的2．majorityn．大部分；大多数→majoradj.主要的vi.主修n．主修课程→minorityn.少数→minoradj.次要的vi.辅修n.(law)未成年人；辅修课目3．plainvi.&vt.抱怨；发牢骚→plaintn．抱怨；投诉4．respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→responsen．反应；回答；回复5．scholarshipn．奖学金→scholarn．学者6．rejectvt.拒绝接受；不录用→rejectionn．拒绝接受；否决7．appointvt.任命；委派→appointmentn．约会；任命；委任→appointedadj.约定的；指定的8．electvt.选举；推选→electionn．选举；推选；当选9．scaredadj.对…感到惊慌或恐惧的→scarevt.惊吓vi.受惊吓n.恐惧，惊吓→scaryadj.令人恐惧的10．energeticadj.精力充沛的→energyn．精力；活力；能量11．accidentn．事故；车祸；失事→accidentaladj.意外的；偶然的→accidentallyadv.偶然地12．operationn．手术；企业；经营→operatevt.&vi.做手术；经营；运转→operatorn.话务员；操作员；经营者13．assistvt.帮助；援助→assistantn．助理；助手adj.副的→assistancen．帮助；援助14．harmn．&vt.伤害；损害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmfullyadv.有害地→harmlessadj.无害的15.tendvt.照顾；照料vi.倾向；趋于→tendencyn．趋势；趋向16.retirevt.&vi.退休；退职；退出→retirementn．退休→retiredadj.退休的17.savingn．节省物；节省；节约；[pl.]储蓄金；存款→savevt.救；节省；储蓄18.sharpadj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的；锋利的；明显的→sharplyadv.急剧地；严厉地→sharpenvt.削尖；磨快；使提高→sharpenern.磨具，削具19.replacevt.接替；取代；更换→replacementn．更换；更替；替换的人/物20.memoryn．记忆力；回忆→memoriz(s)evt.记住；记忆→memorialn.纪念碑，纪念品adj纪念的，悼念的21.flexibleadj.灵活的；可变通的→flexiblyadv.灵活地→flexibilityn．灵活性→inflexibleadj.不灵活的22.tensionn．紧张关系；紧张；焦虑→tenseadj.紧张的；担心的；令人紧张的23.unionn.协会，工会→reunionn.重逢，团聚→unitev.联合，联手24.physicsn.物理→physiciann.医生→physicaladj.身体的，物理的→physicallyadv.身体方面的25.pregnancyn.怀孕，妊娠→pregnantadj.怀孕，妊娠26.tearn.眼泪→tearv.拙破，撕开→tore（过去式）→torn（过去分词）短语socialmorals社会公德beinadilemma处于进退两难的境地faintfromhunger饿昏过去faintchance很小的机会toillustratemypoint为了说明我的观点illustratesth.withsth用…来说明…beprecioustosb对某人来说很珍贵entrustsb.withsth.=entruststh.tosb.把某事委托给某人marrysb与某人结婚bemarriedto与结婚themajorityof大多数plaintosb.about...就某事向某人投诉makeaplainttosb.aboutsth.就某事向某人投诉respondto...回应…，对…做出反应inresponseto...作为对…的答复hiresth.out出租某物for/onhire供出租impresssb.withsth.某物给某人留下深刻印象beimpressedby/with被…打动，对…印象深刻impresssth.on/uponsb.=impresson/uponsb.sth.使某人意识到某事leave/makea(n)...impressiononsb.给某人留下…印象appointsb.as/tobe+职务appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事makeanappointmentwithsb.与某人约会attheappointedtime在约定的时间chargesb.somemoneyforsth.因某事向某人收费chargesb.withdoingsth.指控某人做了…takechargeof=inchargeof负责，掌管inthechargeof=inone’scharge被…掌管，被…负责tendtodo易于做…，往往会做…haveatendencytodosth.有做……的倾向deliversth.tosb.把某物交付给某人bescaredtodeath吓得要死bescaredofdoingsth./todosth.害怕做某事replaceAwith/byB用B替代Ataketheplaceof=takeone’splaceinoperation在工作中，有效，在使用中；ooperation实施，使……运转；operateonsb.给某人动手术whispertosb.与某人耳语inawhisper/inwhispers低声地assistsb.withsth.帮助某人某事assistsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事assistsb.in(doing)sth.帮助某人做某事withtheassistanceof在。。。帮助下disguiseoneselfas伪装成，假扮成indisguise伪装(的)，假扮(的)take/haveresponsibilityfordoingsth.承担做某事的责任It’sone’sresponsibilitytodosth.某人有责任做某事doharmtosb.=dosb.harm伤害某人causeharmtosb.=causesb.harm伤害某人beharmfulto...对……有害agreatdealof用作量词，大量的，非常多的；succeedindoingsth.=managetodosth.成功做了某事succeedsb.as/tobe...接替某人成为……carrysb.throughsth.帮助或使得某人勇闯难关、战胜病魔等；inmemoryof为了纪念……pickup捡起indespair处于绝望中eacross（偶然）遇见，碰见；被理解，被弄懂；electtodosth.选择/决定做某事electsb.as+职务选举某人为…retirefrom从…退休resignfrom从…辞职StudentUnion学生会句式what引导的名词性从句inwhich在句中引导定语从句If引导的虚拟语气1.Toapersonnothingismorepreciousthantheirlife...2.Sheresponded，“I’dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife!”3.SheimmediatelybecamethefirstwomanevertobehiredasaresidentphysicianintheOBGYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.4.Attimesshewasevenseenridingadonkeytofarawayvillagestoprovidemedicalcare.5.ThoughLinQiaozhinevermarried，shewasknownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”，havingdeliveredover50,000babiesinherlifetime.教材话题题型综合训练词性转换（一）1．marryvt.（和某人）结婚；嫁；娶→n.结婚；婚姻2．majoradj.主要的vi.主修n.主修课程→n.大部分；大多数3．respondvt.回答；回复vi.做出反应；回应→n.反应；回答；回复4．rejectvt.拒绝接受；不录用→n.拒绝接受；否决5．sharpadj.（增长、下跌等）急剧的；锋利的；明显的→adv.急剧地；严厉地→vt.削尖；磨快；使提高6．harmn.&vt.伤害；损害→adj.有害的→adj.无害的；不致伤害的7．savevt.储蓄；攒钱→n.节省物；节省；节约；（pl.）储蓄金；存款8．retirevi.&vt.退休；退职；退出→n.退休→adj.退休的9．electvt.选举；推选→n.选举；推选；当选词性转换（二）10．illustratevt.(举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图→n.说明;插图;例证→adj.有插图的11．entrustvt.委托;交付→n.信任;信赖12．marriagen.结婚;婚姻→vt.嫁;娶;与……结婚→adj.已婚的;有配偶的;婚姻的13．majorityn.大部分;大多数→adj.主要的;重要的14．plainvi.&vt.抱怨;发牢骚→n.抱怨;诉苦15．respondvt.回答;回复vi.做出反应;回应→n.反应;回答;回复16．scholarshipn.奖学金→n.学者;奖学金获得者17．physiciann.医师;(尤指)内科医生→adj.物理的;身体的→adv.身体上;肉体上18．rejectvt.拒绝接受;不录用→n.拒绝接受;否决→adj.被拒的;不合格的19．appointvt.任命;委派→n.任命;约定;任命的职位→adj.约定的,指定的词性转换（三）20．desiren.→adj.值得拥有的，可取的21．admitvi&vt→n.承认，允许进入；入场费22．benefitn.→adj.有益的23．professionaladj.→n.专业，职业→n.教授24．injuryn.→vt.损害，伤害→adj.受伤的25．variousadj.→n.多样化；种类→v.使变化，变化26．intendvt.→n.目的，意图，打算→adj.故意的，有意的27．strongadj.→vt.&vi.使强健→n.力气，强项28．concernn.&vt.→adj.关切的，关心的→prep.关于29．basisn.→vt.以……为基础→adj.基本的30．energy_n.→vt.使充满活力；使增强决心→adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的31．fortunen.→adj.幸运的→adv.幸运地→adj.不幸的，倒霉的→adv.不幸地32．preventvt.→n.预防；防范→adj.可预防的33．satisfactionn.→vt.使满意→adj.感到满意的→adj.令人满意的34．announcementn.→vt.宣布，通告→n.广播员，节目主持人完成句子35．Toaperson(没有什么比……更加珍贵)theirlife.36．TheAmazonrainforestfixescarbonandproducesmorethanonefifthofalltheearth’soxygen,(为……输入活力)theplanet.37．Hespokeatthemeeting(代表员工)ofthepany.38．MorepeopletendtocelebrateChristmas,withbusiness(利用)theoccasions.39．“Thebreadisforgrandmother,”criedHeidi(绝望地).40．George,(有点被摄像机惊吓到),waveddutifullyattheadoringcrowds.(非谓语动词作状语)41．Aftervisitingtheexhibition(作为对……的纪念)LeiFeng,Iwasdeeplyencouragedbyhisdeeds.42．(浏览他们的留言),Ifeltawaveofwarmthsurgingthroughmybody.(使用分词作状语)43．Thepoetdescribesthescene(用完整统一的意象),paringgrayhairtoautumnfrost.44．I(结果)spendingtheentirejourneyfromtheSpanishbordertoLisbon,(躺在地上),withmyheadabout2inchesfromasmellytoilet.阅读理解SiaGodikawas13whenshenoticedthebarefootchildrenofconstructionworkersatabuildingsitenearherhouseinBangalore,India.“Theirfeetwerebare,dirty,crackedandbleeding,”reflectsSia,“Theywerejustwalkingaroundthatbuildingsitelikeitwasaneverydaypracticeforthem.”AnditwasinthatmomentthatSiarealizedhowluckysheherselfwas.Shewentbackhomeandopenedherclosetdoors,seeingshoespileduphigh.Sheheadedtohermother’sclosetnext,literallydustingoffspiderwebsfromsomeshoes.Thensherushedtogivethemallawaytothebarefootchildren.Laterthatyear,withthehelpofherparents,SiafoundedSoleWarriors,acharityorganizationdevotedtoprovidingfootwearforthoseinneed,asisclearlyshownbyitsmotto:“Donateasole(鞋底),saveasoul.”Telephonecallsfrompeoplewhowantedtohelpcamefloodingin.Formonths,Siastayeduptill2a.m,contactingpeopleanddealingwithrelatedaffairs.Nowinitsfifthyear,theorganizationcollectsusedfootwear,repairsitanddonatesthefinishedproductstopeopleinneed.Initsfirstcampaign,SoleWarriorsgaveout700pairsofshoes.Todaythatnumberstandsataround28,000,thankstothehardworkofateamofabout80volunteers.Buttheoragnisation’sgrowthwasn’twithoutitschallenges.WhenSiawastryingtofindapanywhichwaswillingtorepairandcleanupthewornoutshoesfreeofcharge,shefacedonedifficultyafteranotherbeforefindingapartnerinIndia’sPresstoCobbler.“Beinga13yearold,Ididfacealotofbias(偏见)becauseatmyage,peoplewerelesswillingtohearmeout,”saysSia.Inrecognitionofherimpact,in2021SiawasgiventheDianaAward,oneofthegreatesthonoursayoungpersoncanreceiveforsocialwork.Butherworkisn’tdone.

“Ourgoalhasalwaysbeentotouchamillionfeet,”she

says.45．Whatdoestheunderlinedpartindicate?A．Sia’sparentscaredforothersverymuch.B．Actuallyspiderwebscoveredsomeshoes.C．Hermother’sclosetwascoveredwithdust.D．Theshoeshadn’tbeenwornforalongtime.46．WhydidSiasetupSoleWarriors?A．Toprovidefreeshoesforthoseinneed.B．Toimproveherproblemsolvingability.C．Toencouragepeopletobuyonlywhattheyneed.D．TowintheDianaAwardforsocialcontributions.47．WhatchallengedidSiafaceinrunningtheorganization?A．Fewpeoplewoulddonateshoes.B．Therunningcostsweretoohigh.C．municatingabilitypreventedher.D．Shehaddifficultyfindingacooperator.48．Whichcanserveasthebesttitleforthetext?A．Clothesdonotmaketheman. B．Walkinsomeoneelse’sshoes.C．Learntowalkbeforeyourun. D．Lifewithoutdifficultiesistoodull.七选五Ifyou’relookingformeaningfulyeteasywaystovolunteerfromhome,thenyou’lllovethislistofopportunitiesforremotevolunteers.49,therearealsowaystomakeadifferencewithoutleavinghome.Belowisalistofvirtualvolunteeropportunitiesthatallowyoutohaveapositiveimpactwhilesittingonyourcouch.50.NRDCisonamissiontoprotecttheearth,andyoucanhelpthemthroughvirtualvolunteeringbyjoiningtheirActivistNetwork,whichislinkedonthispagealongwithcurrentonlineopportunities.Somesampleactionsmightbecontactingcongress,opposingbillsthatareharmfultotheenvironment,andsharingimportantmessagesonsocialmedia.Useyourvoicetoprotecttheearth.FriendsoftheEarthismittedtochangingeconomicandpoliticalpoliciesandsystemsthatleadtoinjusticeandthatharmnature.51,youcantellcongresstosavethebeesandcontactfoodpaniestodemandnaturalingredients.FriendsoftheEarthmakesiteasytoaddyourvoicetoacause,too,aseachcampaignfeaturesaformwithabuiltinmessagethatyoucaneditifyou’dlikeandsendwithoneclick.Virtuallymentorhighschoolkids.iCloudBe’smissionistoempoweratriskmiddleandhighschoolstudentstostayinschoolandreachtheirgoalswiththehelpofanonlinemunityofmentors.52,whichentailsmentoringastudentandhelpingthempreparefortheirdreamcareerforonehourperweekduringtheschoolyear.Scan&proofreadbookstomakereadingaccessibletoall.Bookshare,anebooklibrarydevotedtomakingreadingeasierforall,isalwaysonthelookoutforremotevolunteerstoscanandproofreadbooksfortheircollection.53.A．SendacarepackagetoasoliderB．You’llbeabletoseethewishlistbeforesigningup.C．AddyourvoicetothemeaningfulvolunteerworkofclimatechangefightersD．WhenyoucheckthispageforeasywaystovolunteerbytakingsimpleactionsE．YoucantakepartinmeaningfulvolunteerworkonlinebybeinganeMentorF．Whileofferingtimetoinpersonandvolunteerabroadprojectscanbeworthwhile.G．Theirlibraryfeaturesbooksthatarecustomizableforpeoplewithreadingdisabilities.完形填空Recently,IvolunteeredwithInteract,myschool’sservicegroupatRead2Me,anactivitythatgivesvolunteerstheopportunitytoreadtolittlekidsandinteractwiththem.Iwalkedwithother54intoalargeroomwithalargevarietyofbooks.Whenitwastimefortheactivitytostart,aburstof55washeard.Thedoorsopened,andthechildren56,beginningtolookforareadingbuddy(伙伴).Theyalllookedsoeagertoread.Iwassittingthere,57andglancingatthebooksthatIhadpickedoutfortheluckykidIwould58themto.Justthen,aboyaboutsixyearsoldbegantoemyway.ItwasMax.Ilethimsearchforabookofhis59.Maxchoseanadventurestoryofalittlegirlwithher60.“Canyoutellmewhyyouwantthisbook?”Iasked.“IlikeadventurestoriesandIlikedogs,”heanswered.Iwas61withhisanswer,andstartedtoreadtohim.Thestorywasso62thatMaxlistenedwithgreat63,totallylostin64wasdescribedinthestory.HethankedmewhenIfinishedreading.Thencametheafterreading65inwhichweinteractedwitheachother.“IwishIwerethedog.ThenIcouldgoona(n)66,”saidMax.Ilaughedand67himtoeupwithsomedifferentendingsofthestory.Abook68adoortoawholenewworld.Thatday,IhelpedMaxopenone,andI’mconvincedthathewillbeabletoopenmanymoreforhimselfinthefuture.54．A．volunteers B．kids C．friends D．teachers55．A．anger B．voices C．whispers D．laughter56．A．walkedaway B．spedup C．rushedin D．wanderedoff57．A．singing B．dancing C．laughing D．waiting58．A．read B．lend C．write D．recite59．A．choice B．way C．size D．kind60．A．book B．dog C．cat D．toy61．A．surprised B．delighted C．puzzled D．bored62．A．ideal B．easy C．attractive D．inspiring63．A．contribution B．progress C．interest D．achievement64．A．that B．which C．how D．what65．A．prediction B．argument C．arrangements D．activities66．A．adventure B．experience C．picnic D．outing67．A．persuaded B．encouraged C．forced D．required68．A．shuts B．pushes C．opens D．answers单句语法填空69．Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tend(catch)ourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.70．Asthefirst(merce)magneticlevitationtrainintheworld,itconnectsShanghai’sPudongInternationalAirportwiththeShanghaisubwaysystem,(travel)adistanceof30kilometersin8minutes.71．(cover)anareaof3.6squarekilometers,Huangyaoboaststypicalkarstlandscapesandabundantwaterresources.72．Theshow’semphasisonauthenticityand(petitive)ensuresanexperiencethatisbothimmersiveandengaging,(reshape)conventionalperceptionsofmusicpetitions.73．Overtime,thenumberofbeadsincreased,(lead)tothesevenbeadabacusfromitsfivebeadpredecessortoadapttothehexadecimalsystem.74．Thesinglebiggestfireworkshellevershotwaspartofa2020wintercarnivaldisplayinColorado,US.(weigh)1268kilograms,itrosemorethanakilometreintotheskybursting,turningthenightskyred.75．Children(grow)upincitieshavefeweropportunitiestowanderingreenfields.76．Thisevening,I’llbetalkingtoDrRichardFairhurst,newbookTheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished.77．NowmydadandIgorockclimbingtogether(month)!Ithasenhancedthequalityofmylife,improvingmyhealthand(increase)myhappiness.78．Hesmiled,(imply)thathehadalreadyknownthegoodnews.79．Sheheardsomeone(knock)atthedoor.80．Whenthemoonhadrisen,welayonthegrass,listeningtothewind(whisper)inthetrees.81．Shesaidthegigeconomyprovidesanimportantwayforpeopletoimprovetheirines,andforseniors,thedisabledorthosewithotherdifficulties,gigworkprovideslesspressurethanfulltimeemployment.82．Thesournessofamomentearlierwasgone,awarmthandgratitude(replace)it.83．(go)backtoWalterScott’slines,wemayfindevenwhitelieshaveresultswecannotknowinadvance.语篇填空OnSept.7,famousChinesearchaeologistFanJinshi,8