中考复习话题十五-科学知识与现代技术、通信课件资料

第二部分话题专项训练话题十五科学知识与现代技术、通信话题结合练习一、语法选择Therewasonceafamousscientist

1

madeseveralimportantdiscoveries.Oncehewasasked

2

hewasabletobesocreative.Herepliedthatitallcamefrom

3

experiencehehadwithhismotherwhenhewas2yearsold.Hewastryingtotakeabottleofmilkoutoftherefrigerator.Butthebottlewastooslippery(滑的)andhedroppedit.Thekitchenfloor

4

inmilk.

Whenhismothercameintothekitchen,insteadofshoutingathimorpunishinghim,shesaid,“Robert,

5

greatandwonderfulmessyouhavemade!I

6

suchahugepuddle(一摊)ofmilk.Wouldyouliketoplayinthemilkforafewminutes

7

wecleanitup?”Sohedid.Afterafewminutes,theycleanedituptogether.Thenhismothersaid,“Thiswasafailedexperimentinhowtocarryabigbottleofmilk

8

twotinyhands.Let’sgooutinthebackyardandfillthebottlewithwaterandseeifyoucanfindaway

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itwithoutdroppingit.”

Thelittleboylearnedthatifheheldthebottleatthetopnearthelipwithbothhands,hecouldcarryitwithoutdroppingit.Whatawonderfullesson!Thescientistthenaddedthatitwasatthatmomentthatheknewhe

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tobeafraidtomakemistakes.Helearnedthatmistakesarejustopportunities(机会)tolearnsomethingnew.

(

B

)1.A.which

B.who

C.whose

D./(

D

)2.A.that

B.when

C.what

D.how(

B

)3.A.a

B.an

C.the

D./(

D

)4.A.covered

B.wascovering

C.iscovered

D.wascovered(

A

)5.A.whata

B.what

C.howa

D.how(

D

)6.A.neverseeB.neversaw C.willneversee D.haveneverseen(

C

)7.A.after

B.when

C.before

D.assoonas(

A

)8.A.with

B.in

C.through

D.by(

C

)9.A.carry

B.carrying

C.tocarry

D.carried(

D

)10.A.need

B.needn’t

C.needed

D.didn’tneedBDBDADCACD二、完形填空Everyyear,malaria(疟疾)takesthousandsoflivesaroundtheworld,especiallyinAfrica.ButaChinesescientist

1

TuYouyoufoundawaytofightthisdisease.She

2

acommonplantinChina.Itissweetwormwood(青蒿).

In1969,manypeopleinChinahadmalaria.Tu,anexpertinChinesemedicine,hadtofindawayto

3

it.Buthermedicalequipmentwasnotgoodenough.Sometimesshehadtotest

4

bytryingitherself!Overtheyears,shetestedover2,000prescriptions(药方).

TureadoldChinesebooksto

5

prescriptions.Oneday,shefoundanewplant—sweetwormwood.Shebegantomakeextracts(提取物)fromit.In1971,aftermorethan190

6

,Tufoundanextractthatwas100-percenteffectiveagainstmalaria

7

.

Soon,peopleallovertheworldbegantousethenewdrug.Thedrugisnotonlyeffective,butalso

8

.Peopleinpoorcountriescanbecured.From2000to2015,thedrug

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over6,200,000lives.

In2015,TuwontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.ShewasthefirstnativeChinesescientisttowinthisprize.Tunevercomplainsabouthowhardsheworks.“Ifeelmorerewarded

10

Iseesomanycuredpatients,”shesaid.

(

A

)1.A.named

B.asked

C.made

D.told(

C

)2.A.wants

B.has

C.uses

D.takes(

B

)3.A.start

B.stop

C.touch

D.kill(

A

)4.A.medicine B.ability

C.knowledge

D.machine(

C

)5.A.lookat

B.lookafter

C.lookfor

D.lookat(

D

)6.A.extracts

B.persons

C.plants

D.failures(

B

)7.A.exactly

B.finally

C.early

D.quickly(

D

)8.A.sweet

B.bitter

C.expensive

D.cheap(

B

)9.A.killed

B.saved

C.found

D.knew(

A

)10.A.when

B.if

C.unless

D.untilACBACDBDBA三、阅读理解(注意:近三年阅读理解B篇均为科技类说明文,此类文章一定要在平时多加练习。为加大此类文章的练习,下面A、B、C篇均为科技类说明文。)AOnaSundayafternoon,agiant“ancientcity”appearedonthesurfaceofHongzeLakeinJiangsuprovince.Butafterabouthalfanhour,the“city”wasgone.Youmightthinkthatsomeunknownforceswereatwork.Butit’sbelievedthatthe“cityonthelake”wasactuallyamirage(海市蜃楼).Amirageisatrickthatlightandairplaywithourvision(视觉).Normally,lighttravelsinastraightline,butitcanbend(弯曲)andchangedirectiondependingonwhatitpassesthrough.Thisbendingiscalled“refraction”.Ifdifferentlayers(层)ofairareatdifferenttemperatures,lightwillbendatdifferentangles(角度)whenpassingthroughthem.Thiscancreateafalseimageofanearbyobject.Takethe“cityonthelake”asanexample.Thelayerofairnearthelakeiscolderthanthehigherlayers,asthelakeabsorbs(吸收)mostoftheheat.Thebuildingsinthemiragewereactuallyonanearbymountain.Buttheirimageshowedupabovethelakeafterlightrefractedindifferentlayersofair.Mirageshappennotonlyoverlargebodiesofwater,butanywherewherethegroundcanabsorbalotofheat.Theyareoftenseenonhotroadsandindeserts.Thenexttimeyouthinkyouseeapoolofwaterontheroadonahotsummerday,youwillknowit’sjustamirage—animageoftheskycausedbybendinglight.(

C

)1.Theunderlinedword“refraction”means“

”inChinese.

A.反射 B.直射C.折射 D.照射(

C

)2.Amirageis

.

A.animageofabuildingnearby

B.people’simaginationC.animageoftheskycausedbybendinglight

D.animageofthemirror’srefractionCC(

C

)3.Lightwillbendatdifferentangleswhen

.

A.itpassesthroughdifferentlayersofdifferentshapesB.itsheatisabsorbedbywaterC.itpassesthroughdifferentlayersofdifferenttemperaturesD.thelayeroftheairneartheseaisascoolasthehigherlayersC(

B

)4.Whichofthefollowingisright?A.Ifyouseeapoolinadesert,itmustbeamirage.B.Ifyouseeamoderncityonthesurfaceofalake,itmustbeamirage.C.Themirageismadebysomeunknownforces.D.Normally,lightcantravelindifferentlines.B(

A

)5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe

.

A.MysteryofMirages B.Light’sTravelLine C.DifferentImagesofObjects D.Light’sRefractionABForty-sixyearsagoonApril24,Chinalaunched(发射)itsfirstspacecraft,satelliteDongfanghong-1,andmarkedthecountry’sfirstmajorsuccessinthespaceindustry.Andthisyear,April24wasofficiallymadeChina’sSpaceDay.Meanwhile,thegovernmentalsoannouncedasetofnewspaceplans,settingsightsonaspacestation,Marsandbeyond.Aspacestationislikeahomeforastronautsinspace.Astronautscanlive,doresearchandevenparkspaceshipsthere.Chinaplanstofinishbuildingitsspacestationin2022.AccordingtoChina’stopspacescientistZhouJianping,bythatyear,becominganastronautwillbeanormaljobbecausemorespaceworkmeansneedingmanymoreastronautsthaneverbefore.Andtheyalsoneedtobeabletocarryoutdifferenttasks.Sotheymusthavedifferentkindsofknowledgeandskills.“We’vebeenchoosingastronautsmainlyfrompilots.Nowwewillalsopickthemfromengineers,doctorsandspacetechnologyexperts.”AnotherplanthathasdrawnmuchattentionisChina’sMarsmission(任务).Chinawilllaunchaprobe(探测器)toMarsaround2020.Itwilllandontheplanetandevencarrybacksamples(样本)fromthesurfaceofMars,anactionthatneverhasbeenachievedbyanycountry.“It’ssuchabigplan,”saidZhangRongqiao,chiefdesignerofChina’sMarsmission.“OnlybydoingthiscanChinasayithasstartedtheexplorationofdeepspaceinatruesense.”(

C

)6.Theunderlinedword“them”inthesecondparagraphrefersto

.

A.engineers

B.doctors C.astronauts

D.spacetechnologyexperts(

D

)7.Inaspacestation,astronautscanNOT

.

A.live

B.parkspaceships C.doresearch

D.landontheMarsCD(

C

)8.AccordingtoZhouJianping,

.

A.becominganastronautwillnotbeanormaljobB.astronautsdon’tneedtocarryoutdifferentmissionsC.morespaceworkneedsmoreastronautsD.theywillstillchooseastronautsmainlyfrompilots(

C

)9.

has/havelaunchedaprobetoMarstocarrybacksamples.

A.OnlyChina

B.Manycountries C.Nocountry

D.OnlyZhangRongqiaoCC(

D)10.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.ChineseSpacecraft

B.ChineseSpaceStationC.China’sMarsMission

D.ChineseSpaceIndustryDCDoyoueverfeellikeyourthoughtsaregoingaroundincircles?Oneminute,you’rethinkingaboutyourhomework.Thenextminute,you’rethinkingaboutyourplansfortheweekend.Isitpossibleforustoslowourthoughtsdownorevenstopthemcompletely?Itdependsonyourdefinition(定义)of“thinking”,accordingtoMichaelHalassa,aresearcheratMIT,theUS.Webasicallygothrougheachdayinoneoftwostates—weeitherrealizethatwe’rethinkingorwedon’t.Ourbrainswon’tstopthinkingcompletelyuntilwedie.“Thebrainneveractuallystops‘thinking’inabroader(更广的)sense.Mostthoughtsareactuallyinthebackground(在后面进行)withoutusnoticingthemandthere’snotreallyawaytoturnthesethingsoff,”Halassasaid.Humanbrainscanunconsciouslyprocess(无意识地处理)about11millionpiecesofinformationpersecond,accordingtoForbes.Youcancomparethistohowacomputerworks.Evenwhenyouaren’tusingyourcomputerwhileit’sturnedon,itisstillrunningoperations“inthebackground”.Yourcomputer,muchlikeyourbrain,isconstantly“thinking”,evenifyou’renotactivelyusingit.Someresearchershavereferredtothisphenomenon(现象)as“thought-chatter”.Itdescribestherandom(胡乱的)thoughtsthatpopinandoutofourmindatdifferenttimesduringtheday,accordingtoSteveTaylor,apsychologylecturer(讲师).Somethought-chattercanbeenjoyable,suchasdaydreaming.AlbertEinsteincameupwithhisfamousThe

Theory

of

Relativity(相对论)whiledaydreamingatwork.Buttoomuchthought-chattercanmakeusfeeltooanxiousorworried,Taylorsaid.Meditation(冥想)canhelpuscleanupsomeofthisthought-chatter.(

B

)11.When“yourthoughtsaregoingaroundincircles”,you

.

A.arethinkingaboutonethingrepeatedly B.arethinkingaboutonethingafteranotherC.cannotthinkaboutaproblemveryclearly D.cannotstopthinkingaboutpasteventsB(

A

)12.WhatdoesParagraph4trytoprove?A.Humanbrainsarethinkingallthetime.B.Humanbrainsworkfasterthancomputers.C.Acomputercandealwithplentyofinformation.D.Acomputercanthinklikeahumanbrain.A(

D

)13.Theunderlinedword“thought-chatter”means“

”inChinese.

A.冥思苦想 B.朝思暮想C.静思冥想 D.胡思乱想(

B

)14.Accordingtothestory,theword“

”canbeusedtodescribeourbrains.

A.crazy B.busy C.random D.relaxedDB(

C

)15.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thewayhowourbrainswork. B.Howtostopourthoughtsfromworking.C.Whatisthought-chatter? D.Thebenefitsandharmsofthought-chatter.C四、短文填空OneAmericanuniversityusedarobotasoneoftheteacherstohelpstudentswiththeirproblems.Andnoneofthestudentsknewthatwasarobot.JillWatson,arobotmadeinthatuniversity,hasbeenhelpingthestudents1.

for

alongtime.Whenansweringtheirquestions,Jillseemsto2.

be

anexcellentteacher.Shecangivewonderfulanswersinaminute.Shesoundsnaturalandusuallysaysgoodwords.

Whensomeonetoldthestudentsthattheir“teacher”wasarobot,theygotvery3.

surprised

.“Howwasitpossible?Iwastalkingtoa4.

robot

?”saidBailey.“Shesounds5.

like

acommonteacher.”AnotherstudentsJennifertoldthenewspaper,“WearethinkingaboutchoosingJillWatsontobeourbestteacher.Sheisreally6.

helpful

.”

Nowmanystudentsliketo7.

ask

questionsontheirschoolwebsite.Itusuallytakesteacherstoo8.

much

timetoanswerthem.Sotheuniversityhassuch9.

an

ideaofmakingJillWatson.It’safasterwaytohelpthestudentswiththeirproblems.

Jillcanquicklyfindpossibleanswersinher10.

own

computertothequestionsandmakesuretheyareallright.Afterthat,shetellsthestudentsinanelectronicvoicethatsoundslikeafamousactress.

for

be

surprised

robot

likehelpful

ask

much

an

own五、读写综合A.回答问题请阅读下面关于我国一些重大科技成就的文章,根据所提供的信息,回答后面的问题。Bigchangeshavetakenplaceinscienceandtechnologyinrecentyears.Manyoftheseinnovations(创新)havehelpedChinacatchupwithotherscientificpowerhouses(强国)orevenleadinsomefields.Chinaisamongtheworld’sresearchleadersinchemistry,materialsscienceandphysics.Ithasalsomadebreakthroughsinhybridrice(杂交水稻),cloningtechnology,deep-seaandspaceexploration.Takehybridriceasanexample.ChineseagriculturalscientistYuanLongpingdevelopedthefirststrain(品种)in1970andthecrophasbeenfeedingthecountrysincethen.Bytheendof2018,farmersinmorethan40countriesandregions(地区)hadplantedmorethan7millionhectares(公顷)ofthecrop.TheJiaolong,China’sfirstmanneddeep-searesearchsubmersible(潜水器),wentintoservicein2010.ItmadeChinathefifthcountry,aftertheUnitedStates,Russia,FranceandJapan,todevelopdeep-seaexplorationtechnology.Inspaceexploration,in2018,Chinabecamethefirstcountrytosendaprobe(探测器)totheMoon’sfarside,whichalwaysfacesawayfromtheEarth.InJanuary,2019,Chinesescientistsannouncedthecloningoffivemonkeysfromamacaque(猕猴)forbiomedical(生物医学的)research—thefirsttimeintheworldthatthishadbeendone.Still,Chinaneedstoworkharderinkeytechnologicalfieldssuchasmicrochip(微芯片)developmentandenginemanufacturing(发动机制造),saidDouXiankang,presidentofWuhanUniversity.Chinawillfirstneedtoattractmoretalentedresearchers,accordingtoDou.Secondly,thegovernmentneedstooffermorepolicyandmarketsupport,aswellasinvest(投资)moreinhumanresources,toencourageinnovation(创新).1.InwhichaspectsisChinabecomingoneoftheworld’sresearchleaders?

2.Howmanycountriesandregionshadplantedhybridricebytheendof2018?

Chinaisbecomingoneoftheworld’sresearchleadersinchemistry,materialsscienceandphysics.Morethan40countriesandregionshadplantedhybridricebytheendof2018.4.WhatdidChinesescientistscloneinJanuary,2019?

3.What’sChina’sachievementinspaceexplorationin2018?ChinabecamethefirstcountrytosendaprobetotheMoon’sfarside.Chinesescientistsclonedfivemonkeysfromamacaqueforbiomedicalresearch.5.WhatwillChinaneedtodotoencourageinnovationinthefuture?Chinawillneedtoattractmoretalentedresearchersandoffermorepolicyandmarketsupport,aswellasinvestmoreinhumanresources,toencourageinnovation.B.书面表达我们正处于科技发展日新月异的时代,科技创新为我们的生活带来了巨大的变化。共享单车、支付宝、淘宝、高铁被誉为我国的“新四大发明”,它们大大地影响着我们的生活。请你以“Myfavouritenewinvention”为题写一篇短文。内容包括:1.介绍你最喜欢的一项新科技;2.阐述你喜欢它的原因(至少两点);3.你对未来生活的期待。作文要求:1.不能照抄原文;不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和学生的真实姓名。2.语句连贯,词数80个左右。开头已给出,不计入总词数。MyfavouritenewinventionOfo,Alipay,Taobaoandhigh-speedtrainarenamedthenewfourinventionsofChina,whichinfluenceourlifegreatly.Amongthefourinventions,Ilike

Alipay

best.

In

China,

Alipay

is

popular

everywhere,

even

the

small

business

can

be

finished

by

this

advanced

way.People

play

the

joke

that

they

don’t

need

to

worry

about

the

lack

of

cash.The

advantages

of

online

payment

are

obvious.

First,

it

saves

our

time

to

pay

bills.The

use

of

online

payment

is

carried

out

with

a

smart

phone.Especial