全国高考英语试题8、9月分类汇编 C单元 阅读理解 C8 科普知识类（含解析）

C8科普知识类【英语卷（解析）·届云南省玉溪一中高三上学期第一次月考（09）】CPeoplefromEastAsiatendtohavemoredifficultythanthosefromEuropeindistinguishingfacialexpressions---andanewreportpublishedonlineinCurrentBiologyexplainswhy.RachaelJack,Universityof“WeshowthatEasternersandWesternerslookatdifferentfacefeaturestoreadfacialexpressions,”Jacksaid.“Westernerslookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasure,whileEasternersfavortheeyesandignorethemouth.”AccordingtoJackandhercolleagues,thediscoveryshowsthathumancommunicationofemotionismorecomplexthanpreviouslybelieved.Asaresult,facialexpressionsthathadbeenconsidereduniversallyrecognizablecannotbeusedreliablytoconveyemotionincross-culturalsituations.Theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingthefacialmovementsof13Westernpeopleand13Easternpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesofexpressivefacesandputthemintocategories:happy,sad,surprised,fearful,disgusted,orangry.Theycomparedhowaccuratelyparticipantsreadthosefacialexpressionsusingtheirparticulareyemovementstrategies.ItturnedoutthatEasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthanWesternersdid.“Theculturaldifferenceineyemovementsthattheyshowisprobablyareflectionofculturaldifferenceinfacialexpressions,”Jacksaid.“OurdatasuggestthatwhileWesternersusethewholefacetoconveyemotion,Easternersusetheeyesmoreandmouthless.”Inshort,thedatashowthatfacialexpressionsarenotuniversalsignalsofhumanemotion.Fromhereon,examininghowculturalfactorshavediversifiedthesebasicsocialskillswillhelpourunderstandingofhumanemotion.Otherwise,whenitcomestocommunicatingemotionsacrosscultures,EasternersandWesternerswillfindthemselveslostintranslation.29.ThediscoveryshowsthatWesterners______.A.payequalattentiontotheeyesandthemouthB.considerfacialexpressionsuniversallyreliableC.observetheeyesandthemouthindifferentwaysD.havemoredifficultyinrecognizingfacialexpression30.Whatwerethepeopleaskedtodointhestudy?A.Tomakeafaceateachother B.TogettheirfacesimpressiveC.Toclassifysomefacepictures D.Toobservetheresearchers’faces31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph6referto?A.Theparticipantsinthestudy B.TheresearchersofthestudyC.Theerrorsmadeinthestudy D.Thedatacollectedfromthestudy32.IncomparisonwiththeWesterners,Easternersarelikelyto_____.A.dotranslationmoresuccessfully B.studythemouthfrequentlyC.examinetheeyesmoreattentivelyD.readfacialexpressionsmorecorrectly【答案】【知识点】C8科普知识类【文章综述】本文主要讲述的是东西方人之间是如何表述自己的感情的，经过科研研究，西方方更关注脸部表情，东方人更关注眼睛。【答案解析】29.A。解析：细节题，根据第三段的Westernerslookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasure,判断选A。

30C。解析：推理题，根据第四段的Theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingthefacialmovementsof13Westernpeopleand13Easternpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesofexpressivefacesandputthemintocategories:happy,sad,surprised,fearful,disgusted,or31.A。解析：推理题。根据短文前文提到的此处they应是代指前面的参加实验研究的easters和westers，故选A。32.C。解析：推断题。根据文章倒数第二段的OurdatasuggestthatwhileWesternersusethewholefacetoconveyemotion,Easternersusetheeyesmoreandmouthless可知东方人更关注眼睛。故选C。【英语卷（解析）·届湖南省师大附中高三第一次月考（09）】CConventionalwisdomsaysthathardshipcanmakeusoldbeforeourtime.Infact,anewstudysuggeststhatviolencenotonlyleaveslong­termscarsonchildren’sbodies,butalsochangestheirDNA,causingchangesthatareequaltoseventotenyearsofprematureaging.Scientistsmeasuredthisbystudyingtheendsofchildren’schromosomes(染色体),calledtelomeres,saysIdanShalev,leadauthorofastudypublishedinMolecularPsychiatry.TelomeresarespecialDNAsequenceswhichpreventtheDNAinchromosomesfromseparating.Theygetshortereachtimeacelldivides,untilacellcannotdivideanymoreanddies.Severalfactorshavebeenfoundtoshortentelomeres,includingsmoking,radiationandpsychologicalstressessuchasbeingtreatedbadlywhenyoungandtakingcareofachronicallyillperson.Inthisstudy,researchersexaminedwhetherexposuretoviolencecouldmakechildren’stelomeresshortenfasterthannormal.Theyinterviewedthemothersof236childrenatages5,7and10,askingwhethertheyoungstershadbeenexposedtodomesticviolencebetweenthemotherandherpartner;physicalmaltreatmentbyanadult;orbullying.Researchersmeasuredthechildren’stelomeres—incellsobtainedbyswabbingtheinsidesoftheircheeks—atages5and10.Telomeresshortenedfasterinkidsexposedtotwoormoretypesofviolence,saysShalev.Unlessthatpatternchanges,thestudysuggests,thesekidscouldbeexpectedtodevelopdiseasesofaging,suchasheartattacksormemoryloss,sevento10yearsearlierthantheirpeers.Shalevsaysthereishopeforthesekids.Hisstudyfoundthat,inrarecases,telomerescanlengthen.Betternutrition,exerciseandstressreductionarethreethingsthatmaybeabletolengthentelomeres,hesays.Thestudyconfirmsasmall­but­growingnumberofstudiessuggestingthatearlychildhoodadversityimprintsitselfinourchromosomes,saysCharlesNelson,aprofessorofpediatricsandneuroscienceatHarvardMedicalSchool.66.Thenewstudyfoundthat________.A.hardshiphasalong­termeffectonachild’smindB.violenceleavesscarsonachild’smindC.violencecanspeedupachild’sagingD.hardshipcanchangeachild’saging(B)67.Accordingtothetext,telomeres________.A.areattheendsofpeople’schromosomesB.canhelppreventDNAfromseparatingC.canmakeacelldiequicklyD.becomeshorterbeforetheydie68.AllofthefollowingthingscanshortentelomeresEXCEPT________.A.maltreatmentB.celldivisionC.smokingD.doingexercise69.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE,accordingtothetext?A.Violencecancausequickcelldivisioninchildren’sbody.B.Researchersmeasuredthechildren’stelomeresfromtheirlegsinthestudy.C.Beingtreatedbadlywillmakeachild’stelomeresshortenfaster.D.Childrenwhohaveshortertelomeresmayhaveaheartattackearlier.70.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ViolenceAgingChildren’sDNAB.Children’sChangingDNAPatternsC.ViolenceandTelomeresD.TheFunctionofTelomeres【答案】【知识点】C8科普知识类 【文章综述】本文主要叙述了一些发展中国家女孩受教育的现状以及给社会带来的不利影响，呼吁人们重视最女孩的教育。【答案解析】66.C.解析:细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Infact,anewstudysuggeststhatviolencenotonlyleaveslong－termscarsonchildren’sbodies,butalsochangestheirDNA,causingchangesthatareequaltoseventotenyearsofprematureaging.”，可知，C是正确答案。67.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“TelomeresarespecialDNAsequenceswhichpreventtheDNAinchromosomesfromseparating.”可知，端粒是DNA的序列，可以阻止染色体中的DNA分裂。根据第二段中“...bystudyingtheendsofchildren’schromosomes(染色体),calledtelomeres，”可知A项错误；根据第三段中“Theygetshortereachtimeacelldivides,untilacellcannotdivideanymoreanddies.”可知C、D项错误。68.D．解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Severalfactorshavebeenfoundtoshortentelomeres,includingsmoking,radiationandpsychologicalstressessuchasbeingtreatedbadlywhenyoungandtakingcareofachronicallyillperson.”以及倒数第二段“Betternutrition,exerciseandstressreductionarethreethingsthatmaybeabletolengthentelomeres,hesays.”可以推知，做运动不能使端粒变短反而是变长。69.D。推理判断题。根据文章第五段最后一句“incellsobtainedbyswabbingtheinsidesoftheircheeks—atages5and10”可以推知B是错误项；由第六段“Telomeresshortenedfasterinkidsexposedtotwoormoretypesofviolence”可知C项错误；A项文中未提及。由第六段“thestudysuggests,thesekidscouldbeexpectedtodevelopdiseasesofaging,suchasheartattacksormemoryloss,sevento10yearsearlierthantheirpeers”可知D项正确。70.A。主旨大意题。根据全文的内容可知，文章描述了主要说明了暴力会加速DNA中端粒的变短而让孩子们提前衰老，而A项能很好地概括文章的主旨。【英语卷(解析)·届河南省顶级名校高三入学定位考试（08）】ASincethe1970s,scientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithcomputers.Brain-computerinterface(BCI)technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines.Recently,tworesearchers,JoseMilanandMicheleTavellafromtheFederalPolytechnicSchoolinLausanne,SwitzerlandInthelaboratory,Tavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftorrightband.Hecouldeventalkashewatchedthevehicleandguideditwithhisthoughts.“Ourbrainhasbillionsofnervecells.Thesesendsignalsthroughthespinalcord（脊髓）tothemusclestogiveustheabilitytomove.Butspinalcordinjuriesorotherconditionscanpreventtheseweakelectricalsignalsfromreachingthemuscles,”Tavellasays.“Oursystemallowsdisabledpeopletocommunicatewithexternalworldandalsotocontroldevices.”Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp(头皮)andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommandsthemotorizedwheelchair.Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.Theyhelpthecomputerreacttocommandsfromthebrain.Prof.Milan,theteamleader,saysscientistskeepimprovingthecomputersoftwarethatinterpretsbrainsignalsandturnsthemintosimplecommands.“ThepracticalpossibilitiesthatBCItechnologyofferstodisabledpeoplecanbegroupedintwocategories:communication,andcontrollingdevices.Oneexampleisthiswheelchair.”Hesayshisteamhassettwogoals.Oneistestingwithrealpatients,soastoprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom.Andtheotheristoguaranteethattheycanusethetechnologyoverlongperiodsoftime.1.BCIisatechnologythatcan________.A.helptoupdatecomputersystemsB.linkthehumanbrainwithcomputersC.helpthedisabledtorecoverD.controlaperson'sthoughts2.How"didTavellaoperatethewheelchairinthelaboratory?A.Bycontrollinghismuscles.B.Bytalkingtothemachine.C.Bymovinghishand.D.Byusinghismind.WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph5?A.scalp→computer→cap→wheelchairB.computer→cap→scalp→wheelchairC.scalp→cap→computer→wheelchairD.cap→computer→scalp→wheelchairTheteamwilltestwithrealpatientsto________.A.makeprofitsfromthemB.provethetechnologyusefultothemC.makethemlivelongerD.learnabouttheirphysicalconditionWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Switzerland,theBCIB.NewFindingsAboutHowtheHumanBrainWorksC.BCICouldMeanMoreFreedomfortheDisabledD.RoboticVehiclesCouldHelptoCureBrainInjuries【答案】【知识点】C8科普知识类【文章综述】本文主要讲述了电脑与人的大脑和脊椎等之间如何建立联系，以更好地为人类服务。【答案解析】1.B。解析：细节题，根据第一段Brain-computerinterface(BCI)technologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendcommandstomachines可知brain-computer帮助残疾人将大脑的信息传递给电脑，也就是在大脑和电脑之间建立联系。故选B。

2.D。解析：细节题，根据第三段Inthelaboratory,Tavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftorrightband可知Tavella在实验室是用大脑操作轮椅，故选D。3.C。解析：排序题。根据第五段Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp(头皮)andsendsthemtoacomputer.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignalsandcommandsthemotorizedwheelchair可知C的排序正确。4.B。解析：细节题。根据最后一段Oneistestingwithrealpatients,soastoprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfrom.可知用真正的病人验证就是为了证明它们是否对病人有用，故选B5.C。解析：概括题。通读全文，并根据文章关键段第一段判断文章的题目选C。【英语卷(解析)·届河北省唐山市高三9月模拟考试（09）WORD版】BTheCubaniguanaisaspeciesoflizard（蜥蜴）oftheiguanafamily．ItisthelargestoftheWestIndianrockiguanas,oneofthemostendangeredgroupsoflizards．ThisspecieswithredeyesandathicktailisoneofthelargestlizardsintheCaribbean．TheCubaniguanaisprimarilyherbivorous;95%ofitsdietconsistsoftheleaves,flowersandfruitsfromasmanyas30plantspecies,includingtheseasiderockbushandvariousgrasses．However,Cubaniguanasoccasionallyconsumeanimalmatter,andindividualshavebeenobservedeatingthedeadfleshofbirds,fishandcrabs,TheresearcherswrotethatquiteafewpeopleonIslaMagueyescouldhavecausedthisincident．TheCubaniguanaisdistributedthroughouttherockysoutherncoastalareasofmainlandCubaanditssurroundingislandswithawildpopulationboomingonIslaMagueyes,PuertoRico．ItisalsofoundontheCaymanIslandsofLittleCaymanandCaymanBrac,whereaseparatesubspeciesoccurs．FemalesguardtheirnestsitesandoftennestinsiteshalfdestroyedbyCubancrocodiles．Toavoidtheattackfromthem,theCubaniguanaoftenmakesitshomewithinornearprickly-pearcacti（仙人掌）．Ingeneralthespeciesisindecline,morequicklyonthemainlandthanontheoutlyingislands．Oneofthereasonsfortheirdeclineishabitatdestructioncausedbytheoverconsumingoffarmanimals,housingdevelopment,andthebuildingoftouristresortsonthebeacheswheretheanimalsprefertobuildtheirnests．Althoughthewildpopulationisindecline,thenumbersofiguanashavebeensharplyincreasedasaresultofcaptive-breeding（圈养）andotherconservationprograms．25．Theunderlinedword"herbivorous"（Paragraph2）probablymeans．A．dangerousB．gentleC．plant-eatingD．flesh-eating26．WhydoestheCubaniguanabuilditsnestnearprickly-pearcacti?A．Tokeepitselfcool．B．Togetthefoodeasily．C．Tostayawayfrompeople． D．Toavoidcrocodiles'attack．27．Howmanyreasonsarementionedforthehabitatdestruction?A．Two．B．Three．C,Four．D．Five．28．What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingthetext?A．TogiveusabriefintroductiontotheCubaniguana．B．ToshowheisconcernedabouttheCubaniguana．C．ToexplainreasonsfortheCubaniguana'sdecline．D．Todrawpeople'sattentiontotheendangeredCubaniguana．【答案】【知识点】C8科普知识类【文章综述】本文是篇科普类文章介绍是古巴岩鬣蜥的形状，饮食，分布及栖息地被破坏的现状。【答案解析】25.C词意猜测。根据第二段提到95%ofitsdietconsistsoftheleaves,flowersandfruitsfromasmanyas30plantspecies,includingtheseasiderockbushandvariousgrasses．百分之九十五他的饮食包括叶，花，水果多达30个物种，故食草型动物，故选C项。26.D细节理解题。根据第三段提到Toavoidtheattackfromthem,theCubaniguanaoftenmakesitshomewithinornearprickly-pearcacti可知为了避免来自他人的攻击，故选D项。27.B细节理解题。根据最后一段提到Oneofthereasonsfortheirdeclineishabitatdestructioncausedbytheoverconsumingoffarmanimals,housingdevelopment,andthebuildingoftouristresortsonthebeacheswheretheanimalsprefertobuildtheirnests可知被破坏原因是农场动物的消费造成的栖息地的破坏,房地产开发和建设旅游度假村，故选B项。28.A推断题。第一段是对它的所属家庭的介绍，第二段介绍它的饮食，第三段讲它的分布，第四段讲面临灭绝的原因，故选A项。【英语卷(解析)·届河北省衡水中学高三小一调考试（08）扫描版】CIt’sillegalforthepolicetoattachaGPSunittoyourcarwithoutyourpermission,astheU.S.SupremeCourtsettledin.Butifthepoliceareinhotpursuitofabankrobberorotherescapingcriminalsthatthreatenpublicsafety,aGPStrackerisacceptable.ButexactlyhowcanthepoliceGPStrackacarthatismovingfast?TheanswertothatquestioncomesfromStarChase,anewpolicetechnologybeingusedbyasmall-butgrowingnumberoflawenforcementagencies.Itallowsthepolicetofire4.5-inchglue-coveredGPSbullet-likeprojectiles(发射体)fromanairgunfixedintheirpolicecars.IftheGPStrackermakescontactwiththeescapingrobber’scar,it’llsticknomatterhowfastthevehicleisgoing.Thatway,thepolicewillhaveaconstantreadonthecar’slocationandheading.Asidefromsimplyapprehending(逮捕)criminals,it’sbelievedthisnewtechnologycouldhelpsavelives.IfthepolicesuccessfullyfireaGPSunitataspeedingcriminal,theycanpullbackfromahigh-riskchase.Chasescanbeincrediblydangeroustoallinvolved,includinginnocentbystandersandotherdrivers.OncetheGPSbulletconnects,there’snoneedforthechaseanylonger.Now,predictably,aGPS-loadedgunisn’tcheap.Policedepartmentsneedtopayabout$5,000pervehicleforthetechnology,andindividualGPSbulletscostasmuchas$250each.Thatmaysoundexpensive,butremember:Thealternativeisoftenthousandsofdollarsinpropertydamage,andgreathumancostininjuryandlostlife.AccordingtoStarChase,theirGPSbulletsystemhasanapprehensionrateof80%withoutanyreportofinjuryorpropertydamage.Ifyou’dliketolearnmoreabouttheStarChasesystem,PopularMechanicshasjustpublishedagoodarticleaboutit.There’salsoplentymoreinformationavailableatthecompany’swebsite.28.WhentheGPSbulletstickstotheescapingrobber’scar,thepolicecan______.A.knowthecar’sconditionB.ensuretherobber’ssafetyC.playafairgamewiththerobberD.knowthecar’spositionanddirection29.TheGPSbulletscouldhelpsavelivesmainlybecauseA.thebulletswon’thurtpeopleB.theycanmaketherobber’scarstopC.thepolicecanstopthedangerouschasingD.theyhavemoreadvantagesthannormalbullets30.FromthetextwecanlearnthatGPSbulletsA.areusefulforthepoliceB.arewidelyusedinAmericaC.cancontroltherisingcrimerateD.canreplacethepoliceinthefuture31.InwhichpartofanewspapercanwereadthetextA.LifeB.NatureC.FashionD.Technology【答案】【知识点】C8科普知识类【文章综述】本文讲述一种新型的GPS定位追踪子弹头，可用来追捕罪犯，来确定他的公位置与方向，也可用来避免高风险的追捕【答案解析】28.D细节理解题。根据第二提到IftheGPStrackermakescontactwiththeescapingrobber’scar,it’llsticknomatterhowfastthevehicleisgoing.Thatway,thepolicewillhaveaconstantreadonthecar’slocationandheading.可知用来知道抢劫犯的位置与方向，故选D项。29.C细节理解题。根据第二段提到IfthepolicesuccessfullyfireaGPSunitataspeedingcriminal,theycanpullbackfromahigh-riskchase.Chasescanbeincrediblydangeroustoallinvolved,includinginnocentbystandersandotherdrivers.可知如果警察把这种装置安在犯罪的车上，他们可以撤出高风险的追逐，避免危及自身以及周围无辜的群众，故选C项。30.A推断题。根据最后一段提到AccordingtoStarChase,theirGPSbulletsystemhasanapprehensionrateof80%withoutanyreportofinjuryorpropertydamage.根据定位卫星，这个定位装置有个百分之八十的成功率，推断用于警方，故选A项。31.D推断题。本文讲述一种新型的GPS定位追踪子弹头，可用来追捕罪犯，来确定他的公位置与方向，也可用来避免高风险的追捕，所以这篇文章出现在科技版面，故选D项。【英语卷（解析）·届广西桂林十八中高三上学期第一次月考（09）】DThemoviesjustwouldn’tbethesamewithoutthewarmbutterytasteofpopcorn.Amazingly,thisdelicioustreatstarteditslifeasacornkernel(玉米粒),notjustfromanycorn.PopcornisatypeofsweetcornthatwasoriginallygrowninMexicoandspreadtoChina,Indiaandelsewhere.Itistheonlykindofcornthatwillpop.Today,mostoftheworld’spopcornisgrownintheUnitedStates.Everypopcornkernelcontainsatinydropofwater，surroundedbysoftstarch(淀粉).Whenthepopcornisheated,thewaterturnsintosteam.Thisputspressureonthesurroundinghardkernel,forcingittoexplode.Thesoftstarchincreasesabout40timesinsizeasthecornkernelturnsitselfinsideout.Inthe1500spopcornwasanimportantfoodsourcefortheAztecIndiansofcentralandsouthernMexico.Butitwasn’tonlyfood.Itwasalsousedinceremoniesoronreddressesandinnecklaces.BythetimetheEuropeansarrivedinAmerica，popcornhadspreadthroughmostoftheAmericanIndians.SomeearlyAmericansettlersatepopcornwithcreamandsugarforbreakfast.Butitwasn’tuntilthelate1800sthatpopcornbecamepopular.Thedemandforpopcornincreasedandfarmersbeganfarmingpopcorn.Thefirstmobilepoppingmachinewasinventedin1885,andpopcornwassoldbystreetsellersmuchlikehotdogsthataresoldtoday.DuringtheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,thepopcornbusinessstillthrivedaspeoplecouldstillaffordit.Theninthe1950stelevisionarrivedandpopcornconsumptiondecreased.Peoplestayedhomeandstoppedgoingtothetheatre.Butthelinkbetweenmoviesandpopcornhadalreadyexisted.Soonpeoplebeganmakingpopcornathomeonthestoveand,later，microwavepopcornwasintroduced.Todaythemovieshaveregainedpopularityandpopcornhasonceagainbecomethefavorite.32.Popcornwasfirstplantedin________.A.ChinaB.AmericaC.IndiaD.Mexico33.Whydoesthecornkernelpopwhenheated?A.Becauseitiscoveredwithsoftstarch.B.Becausethepressureinsideistoobig.C.Becausethestarchbecomesbiggerinsize.D.Becausethereiswaterinsidethekernel.34.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________.A.popcornbegantobefarmedinthelate1800sB.popcornwasonlyakindoffoodinthe1500sC.hotdogsusedtobesoldbystreetsellersD.peoplestopeatingpopcornwhilewatchingmoviesnow35.Theunderlinedword“thrived”inthefifthparagraphprobablymeans“________”.A.startedtodisappearB.wasseriouslyaffectedC.sufferedalotD.developedverywell【答案】【知识点】C8科普知识类【文章综述】文章讲述了爆米花的起源、爆米花为什么会爆开以及它如何与电影如影随形，成为一种流行的娱乐食品。【答案解析】32.D。解析：细节理解题根据第一段第二句PopcornisatypeofsweetcornthatwasoriginallygrowninMexico33.B。解析：细节理解题根据第二段Whenthepopcornisheated,thewaterturnsintosteam.Thisputspressureonthesurroundinghardkernel,forcingittoexplode.当玉米被加热，水便转化为蒸汽。这就对环绕于外的坚硬部分产生压力，使它爆裂。34.A。解析：细节理解题根据倒数第二段Butitwasn’tuntilthelate1800sthatpopcornbecamepopular.Thedemandforpopcornincreasedandfarmersbeganfarmingpopcorn.但直到1800年代末,爆米花变得流行起来。爆米花的需求增加,农民开始种植玉米。35.D。解析：词义猜测题根据后半句Theninthe1950stelevisionarrivedandpopcornconsumptiondecreased.到了50年代，电视开始普及，人们对爆米花的消费减少了。可知，在20世纪30年代的大萧条时期，爆米花产业仍然兴旺发达。Thrived兴盛的，繁荣的【英语卷（解析）·届西藏自治区高三最后一次模拟统一考试（05）】C8DSciencecan'texplainthepowerofpets,butmanystudieshaveshownthatthecompanyofpetscanhelplowerbloodpressure(血压)andraisechancesofrecoveringfromaheartattack,reducelonelinessandspreadall-roundgoodcheer.Anyownerwilltellyouhowmuchjoyapetbrings.Forsome,ananimalprovidesmorecomfortthanahusband/wife.AstudybyKarenAllenoftheStateUniversityofNewYorkmeasuredstress(紧张)levelsandbloodpressureinpeople-halfofthempetowners–whiletheyperformed5minutesofmentalarithmetic(算术)orheldahandinicewater.Subjectscompletedthetasksalone,withahusband/wife,aclosefriendorwithapet.Peoplewithpetsdiditbest.Thosetestedwiththeiranimalfriendshadsmallerchangeinbloodpressureandreturnedmostquicklytobaselineheartrates.Withpetsintheroom,peoplealsomadefewermathmistakesthanwhendoinginfrontofothercompanions.Itseemspeoplefeelmorerelaxed(放松)aroundpets,saysAllen,whothinksitmaybebecausepetsdon'tjudge.Astudyreportedlastfallsuggeststhathavingapetdognotonlyraisesyourspiritsbutmayalsohaveaneffectonyoureatinghabits.ResearchersatNorthwestern32．Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?A．Whatpetsbringtotheirowners.B．Howpetshelppeoplecalmdown.C．People'sopinionsofkeepingpets.D．Pet'svalueinmedicalresearch.33．WelearnfromthetextthatapersonwithheartdiseasehasabetterchanceofgettingwellifA．hehasapetcompanionB．hehaslessstressofworkC．heoftendoesmentalarithmeticD．heistakencareofbyhisfamily34．AccordingtoAllen,whydidthepeopledobetterwithpetsaroundwhenfacingstressfultasks?A．Theyhavelowerbloodpressure.B．Theybecomemorepatient.C．Theyarelessnervous.D．Theyareinhigherspirits.35．TheresearchmentionedinthelastparagraphreportsthatA．peoplewithdogsdidmoreexerciseB．dogslostthesameweightaspeopledidC．dogslikedexercisemuchmorethanpeopledidD．peoplewithoutdogsfoundtheprogramunhelpful【答案】32.A。解析：主旨题。通读全文，可知文章主要告诉我们宠物给人们带来的好处。故选A。33.A。解析：细节题。根据第一段中的raisechancesofrecoveringfromaheartattack可知有心脏病的人最好养一只宠物。故选A。34.C。解析：推断题。根据文章的第二段Thosetestedwiththeiranimalfriendshadsmallerchangeinbloodpressureandreturnedmostquicklytobaselineheartrates.Withpetsintheroom,peoplealsomadefewermathmistakesthanwhendoinginfrontofothercompanions.Itseemspeoplefeelmorerelaxed(放松)aroundpets可知有宠物陪伴的人在面对压力时更轻松，所以选C。35.A。解析：细节题。根据文章最后一段的最后一句话Dogownersdidn'tloseanymoreweightthanthosewithoutdogsbut,sayresearchers,gotmoreexerciseoverall-mostlywiththeirdogs-andfounditworthdoing可知养狗的人得到的锻炼更多。所以选A。【英语卷（解析）·届江苏省南京市金陵中学高三第四次模拟考试（05）】C8DMostpeopleknowpreciousgemstones(宝石)bytheirappearances.Anemeraldflashesdeepgreen,arubyseemstoholdaredfireinside,andadiamondshineslikeastar.It’smoredifficulttotellwherethegemwasmined,sinceadiamondfromAustraliaorArkansasmayappearthesametoonefromtheDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo.However,recently,ateamofscientistshasfoundawaytoidentifyagemstone’sorigin.Beneaththesurfaceofagemstone,onthetinylevelofatomsandmolecules（分子）,lieclues(线索)toitsorigin.Atthisyear’smeetingoftheGeologicalSocietyofAmericainMinneapolis,CatherineMcManusreportedonatechniquethatuseslasers(激光)toclarifythesecluesandidentifyastone’shomeland.McManusdirectsscientificresearchatMaterialytics,inKilleen,Somegemstones,includingmanydiamonds,comefromwar-torncountries.Salesofthose“bloodminerals”mayencourageviolentcivilwarswhereinnocentpeopleareinjuredorkilled.Inanefforttoreducethetradeinbloodminerals,theU.S.governmentpassedlawinJulythatrequirescompaniesthatsellgemstonestodeterminetheoriginsoftheirstones.Tofigureoutwheregemstonescomefrom,McManusandherteamfocusapowerfullaseronasmallsampleofthegemstone.Thetechniqueiscalledlaser-inducedbreakdownspectroscopy.Justasheatcanturniceintowaterorwaterintosteam,energyfromthelaserchangesthestateofmatterofthestone.Thelaserchangesaminisculepartofthegemstoneintoplasma,agasstateofmatterinwhichtinyparticles（微粒）calledelectronsseparatefromatoms.Theplasma,whichissuperhot,producesalightpattern.(Thescienceofanalyzingthiskindoflightpatterniscalledspectroscopy.)Differentelementsproducedifferentpatterns,butMcManusandherteamsaythatgemstonesfromthesameareaproducesimilarpatterns.Materialyticshasalreadycollectedpatternsfromthousandsofgemstones,includingmorethan200fromdiamonds.Theycancomparethelightpatternfromanunknowngemstonetopatternstheydoknowandlookforamatch.Thelightpatternactslikeasignature,tellingtheresearcherstheoriginofthegemstone.Inasmalltest,thelasertechniquecorrectlyidentifiedtheoriginsof95outofevery100diamonds.Fo