人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册复习学案 UNIT 1 SCIENCE FICTION

选择性必修第四册UNIT1SCIENCEFICTION基础默写Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形1.fictionn.小说；虚构的事2.integrityn.诚实正直；完整；完好3.dignityn.庄重；庄严；尊严4.salaryn.薪水；薪金5.weeklyadj.每周的n.周刊6.labourn.劳动（者）vi.奋斗；努力工作7.backwardsadv.向后；倒着；往回8.lampn.灯；台灯9.pacen.速度；步伐；节奏vt.&vi.调整节奏10.randomadj.随机的；不可思议的Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变1.appointvt.任命；委任；安排→appointmentn.预约；约会；委任→appointedadj.指定的2.guiltn.内疚；悔恨；犯罪→guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的3.suspendvt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓→suspensionn.悬浮；暂缓；暂令停职4.dismissvt.让（某人）离开；解散；解雇→dismissaln.解雇；免职5.declarevt.表明；宣称；公布→declarationn.（纳税品等的）申报（单）；宣布；公告；声明（书）6.calculatevt.计算；核算；预测→calculationn.计算→calculatorn.计算器7.dividevt.（使）分开；使意见不一→divisionn.分开；分隔；除（法）8.urgen.强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgencyn.紧急；紧急的事→urgentadj.紧急的；迫切的→urgentlyadv.迫切地；紧急地9.explodevi.&vt.爆炸；爆破→explosionn.爆炸；突然爆发；激增Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意1.bonusn.意外收获；奖金；红利2.ridiculousadj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的3.absurdadj.荒谬的；荒唐的4.nailn.指甲；趾甲；钉子vt.（用钉子）钉牢；固定5.saleswomann.女售货员；女推销员6.laddern.梯子；阶梯7.rumourn.谣言；传闻8.faren.车费；船费；飞机票价9.flourn.面粉；（谷物磨成的）粉10.venuen.活动场地（如音乐厅、会场等）11.superioradj.更好的；占优势的；（在级别或重要性上）更高的12.leathern.皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套13.paneln.控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组14.inchn.英寸15.niecen.侄女；外甥女16.fetchvt.（去）拿来；（去）取来17.handkerchiefn.手帕；纸巾18.maximumadj.最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度19.stunvt.使震惊；使昏迷20.mudn.泥；泥浆Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配1.testout检验；测试2.morelike更像是；更接近3.ona...basis根据；以……的方式（基准）4.prosandcons事物的利与弊；支持与反对5.superiorto比……更好；更胜一筹6.takeover占上风；取而代之；接管7.conflictwith与……冲突或抵触8.turnout关掉；熄灭；在场；结果是9.fallaway（逐渐）减少；消失10.haveanurgetodosth.有强烈的欲望做某事Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用1.HesuggestedthatsheinviteGladysandherfriendstothehousethenightbeforehewastoleaveandLarrywastoreturn.[suggestthat...（should＋）dosth.]他建议在他要离开，也就是拉里要回来的前一天晚上，她邀请格拉迪丝（Gladys）和她的朋友们到家里来。2.Sheheardhimdeclarethathedidnotwanttoleaveherthenextday，andthathefeltmorethanjustthedesiretopleaseher.（morethan...）她听到他说，第二天他不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅是想取悦她。3.Itwouldnotbesurprisingifwefounditdifficulttodistinguishbetweenrealityandsciencefictioninthefuture.（find＋it＋宾补＋不定式）如果我们发现将来很难区分现实和科幻小说，那也不足为奇。4.Heseemedmorelikeahumanthanamachine.（more...than...）他看起来更像一个人，而不是一台机器。语境自测Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）1.Honestyandintegrity（正直）arethequalitiesthataleadershouldbemadeof.2.Inthepractice，wecanexperiencethevalueoflabour（劳动）andexposeourselvestoawiderangeofpracticalskills.3.Ifyouwerewrong，admitit.Youwon’tlosedignity（尊严），butwillgainrespect.4.Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste，forinstance，notpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweekly（每周的）shopping.5.We’dbetterliveourlifeatourownpaceinsteadofcomparingourselveswithothers.6.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology，thingswhichonlyexistinsciencefictionhavebeenbroughtintoourdailylives.7.Hewouldnotacceptthisjobforsuchasmallsalarysincehehasalargefamilytosupport.8.Isatdownonthefloor，pulledafewbooksofftheshelfatrandomandbegantoread.Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Theworkwassourgentthatourbossurgedustofinishitatallcosts.Andwesoonrealizedtheurgencyofthematter.（urge）2.IfeelguiltyaboutthesillymistakeImadeyesterdayandnowordscanexpressmyguilt.（guilt）3.MyfriendJennywasappointedasthechairwomanofthecommittee.Wemadeanappointmenttocelebrateattherestaurant，butIcouldn’tarriveattheappointedtimebecauseofsomethingunexpected.（appoint）4.Shedeclaredthatshewouldgotoworkabroadonherownbutmanyofherfriendswereveryworriedaboutheronhearingherdeclaration.（declare）5.Hewasdismissedwithoutanyreasonlastweekandhewantedtofindthetruthbehindhisdismissal.（dismiss）Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子testout turnout superiorto conflictwithtakeover haveanurgeto fallaway1.Theyoungmanlookssadandwehaveanurgetogiveadviceimmediatelytomakehimfeelbetter.2.Afterhelostallhiswealth，manyofhisoldfriendsfellawayfromhim.3.Theiropinionontheaccidentconflictswithours，somoreevidenceisneeded.4.Neverworryandkeepcalm—everythingwillturnoutallrightintheend.5.Hisworkistotestoutnewdesignsofcarsbeforetheyareputonthemarket.6.I’vepersonallyneversubscribedtotheviewthateithersexissuperiortotheother.7.ShedecidedthatIwastheidealpersontotakeoverthejob.Ⅳ.句式仿写1.我建议你应该去办公室向你的老师请教学习英语的方法。[suggestthat...（should＋）dosth.]Isuggestthatyou（should）gototheofficetoconsultyourteacheraboutthemethodsoflearningEnglish.2.她不仅是我们的老师，也是我们的朋友。（morethan...）Sheismorethanourteacher；sheisalsoourfriend.3.她没有来，他发现很难掩饰自己的沮丧。（find＋it＋宾补＋不定式）Hefounditdifficulttohidehisdisappointmentwhenshedidn’tcome.4.我天性谨慎，所以我倾向于做一个追随者而不是一个领导者。（more...than...）I’mcautiousbynature，soItendtobemoreafollowerthanaleader.1.Moreandmorepeoplelikesciencefiction.SatisfactionGuaranteedisashortsci-finovelaboutarobotcalledTony，whichwasgoingtobetestedoutbyClaire.ClairethoughtTonylookedmorelikeahumanthanamachine，andTonytreatedClairewithdignityandintegrity.HehelpedClairewithherappointmentandthepreparationforaparty.Wheneverythinggotready，ClairedismissedTony.However，hedeclaredthathehadfalleninlovewithherandthendisappearedfromsight.Clairefeltmorethanguilty.However，everythingwasover.2.Presumingthatyouhaveachancetogetatimemachine，youmayhaveanurgetotakeovertheworld.Buthaveyouevertakenalltheprosandconsintoconsideration？Youcantraveltoaspecialperiodatmaximumspeedtoenjoystunningexperiences.However，itturnsoutthatthereisadivisionbetweenthepastandthepresent.Youcan’tcalculatewhatwillhappennextanddecidewhetheradreamissuperiortoreality.Butaslongasthetimemachinedoesn’texplode，youwillhaverandompotential.1guiltyadj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的1.[北师选必①－2]Somanypeoplecouldnevergotoschool.Theydidn’thavethechancetolearnandgetoninlife.ThisworriedmealotandIfeltveryguiltybeing（be）arichmanwithoutdoinganything.2.向父母说谎之后，我有一种强烈的负罪感。Afterlyingtomyparents，Ihadastrongsenseofguilt.3.不小心让别人知晓了你的秘密，我感到很内疚。Ifeltguiltyaboutlettingotherpeopleknowyoursecretbyaccident.★feelguilty（about）doingsth.因做某事而感到内疚beguiltyof有罪责的；有过失的★guiltn.内疚；悔恨；有罪asenseofguilt罪恶感2dismissvt.让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除；不予考虑1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义①[外研选必④－5]Althoughhistheoryhasbeendismissedbyscholars，itshowshowpowerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationareamongpeople. 不予考虑②[人教选必④－1]Thenightofthepartyarrived.Theclockstruckeight.Theguestswouldbearrivingsoon，soClairedismissedTonyfortherestofthenight. 让（某人）离开句中的strike是高考常考词汇，特别注意一词多义。strikev.（struck；struck）打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时；划（火柴）；使忽然想起n.罢工。③Marywasattheriskofbeingdismissedsinceshealwayschattedwithothersduringtheworkingtime. 解雇④Dismissingherfears，sheclimbedhigher. 消除2.Hefailedtopassthedrugtest，andthebosshadtodismisshimfromhisjob.3.逃跑的念头在心头一闪，但我立刻打消了，认为这样做不现实。 （读后续写之心理描写）Thethoughtofescapecrossedmymind，butimmediatelyIdismisseditasunrealistic.★dismiss...from...去除，消除；把……免职dismiss...as...对……不予考虑★dismissaln.免职，解雇；不予考虑3declarevt.表明；宣称；公布1.Whentheyaskedhimabouthisopinion，hedeclaredstronglyagainstthepolicybecauseitoffendedhisinterest.2.[译林选必③－3]JapanhadhatchedaplottolaunchasurpriseattackonPearlHarbor，sotheattackbeganwithoutwarningandwithoutdeclaringwarontheUnitedStates.3.当老师宣布我是这次英语演讲比赛的获胜者时，我又惊又喜。 （读后续写之心理描写）WhentheteacherdeclaredmetobethewinneroftheEnglishSpeechContest，Iwassurprisedandpleased.★declarefor/against声明支持/反对……declarewaron...向……宣战declare...tobe/as...宣布……为……★declarationn.断言，宣称；宣告，声明4urgen.强烈的欲望；冲动vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐1.[译林选必②－4]Aswebecomemoreandmoredependentoncomputers，somescientistsareurgingustothink（think）aboutthedangersposedbytheadvancesinAI.2.[人教选必④－1]Ihadastrongurgetolook（look）attherandomthingsthatwerebeingflashedbeforemyeyes！3.Scientistsandpoliticianshavedeeplyrecognizedtheurgent（urge）needtoaddressclimatechangeandtakeeffectiveactiontoprotecttheplanetforgenerationstocome.4.父母应该敦促孩子们积极锻炼。→①Parentsaresupposedtourgethattheirchildren（should）workoutactively.（宾语从句）→②Parentsaresupposedtourgetheirchildrentotakeexerciseactively.（不定式）urge后跟从句时，从句谓语常用虚拟语气，即"（should＋）do"形式。类似用法的动词还有：insist（坚决要求），order，command，advise，suggest（建议），recommend，request，require，demand等。★urgesb.todosth.＝urgethatsb.（should）dosth.敦促某人做某事have/feelanurgetodosth.渴望做某事★urgentadj.紧急的，迫切的urgencyn.紧急，迫切5takeover占上风；取而代之；接管；接手1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义①[人教选必④－1]Insci-fistories，robotsoftenbecomesuperiorandtakeover. 占上风，取而代之②[人教必修②－4]AlmosteverywhereyougointheUK，youwillbesurroundedbyevidenceoffourdifferentgroupsofpeoplewhotookoveratdifferenttimesthroughouthistory. 接管，接手2.科技是用来帮助我们的，因此我们不应该让它控制我们的生活。 （发言稿）Technologyistheretohelpus，soweshouldn’tallowittotakeoverourlife.6turnout关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义①[人教必修②－5]Asitturnedout，therewasnoneedtobenervousbecauseallmyhardworkpaidoffandIplayedperfectly. 证明是，结果是②[外研必修③－2]InUganda，Ryanatlastsawthefinishedwellwithhisowneyes.Butthatwasnotall.Healsosawhundredsofdelightedstudentswhohadturnedouttowelcomehim. 在场③Remembertoturnoutthelightswhenyougotobed. 关掉，熄灭①asit/thingsturnedout是固定表达，意为"正如后来表明的；果然如此；果不其然"。②welln.水井③remembertodosth.记得做某事；rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事2.我们学校的足球比赛结果比我想象的更精彩。 （活动介绍）→①Ourschool’sfootballmatchturnedouttobemoreexcitingthanIimagined.（不定式）→②Itturnedoutthatourschool’sfootballmatchwasmoreexcitingthanIimagined.（it作形式主语）7morethan非常；不只是；超过1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义①[人教必修②－4]Andifyouintroduceyourselftoafriendlyface，youaremorethanlikelytoexperiencelocalcultureandcustomsfirst-hand. 非常②Eachyear，morethan1，000additionsaremadetoEnglishdictionaries.Recentadditionsinclude"selfie"and"netizen". 超过③[外研选必③－2]Hishardworkmadehimmorethanafashionphotographer—hewasa"culturalanthropologist"，whowecanthankforrecordingthelifeofawholecityanditspeopleoverhalfacentury. 不只是2.Withoutadvertising，itwillbeverydifficultforcustomerstojudgetheworthofaproduct.→Withoutadvertising，itwillbemorethandifficultforcustomerstojudgetheworthofaproduct.（词汇升级）除morethan外，表示"非常"的词语还有：highly，extremely，awfully，quite等。3.男孩听到爆炸声后，非常害怕，迅速跑开了。Hearingtheexplosion，theboywasmorethanfrightenedandranawayquickly.★morethan＋形容词非常……morethan＋数词/从句超过……morethan＋名词不只是，不仅是★nomorethan只不过，仅仅notmorethan不超过，至多★more...than...与其说……不如说……形容词后缀-y-y"充满……的，有……特性的"本单元guilt内疚，有罪→guilty内疚的，有罪的haze雾霭→hazy朦胧的，模糊的拓展dust灰尘→dusty布满灰尘的mud泥→muddy泥泞的rain雨→rainy多雨的smoke烟→smoky烟雾弥漫的juice汁→juicy多汁的anger愤怒→angry愤怒的，生气的spice香料→spicy（食物）加有香料的cream奶油→creamy似奶油的salt盐→salty含盐的，咸的1.Asweallknow，anastronautneedstobehealthy（health）andcalminordertoworkinspace.2.Theweatherwassurprisinglywarmandsunny（sun）.3.Iamusedtodozingforawhileafterlunch，otherwiseIoftenfeelsleepy（sleep）andlackpassionalltheafternoon.4.Iwassohungry（hunger）thatIcouldn’thelptakingabitofthebreadDadhadpreparedforme.5.Twocarsskiddedontheicy（ice）pavementandcrashedontothetreesalongtheside.Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配1.[2023全国乙]Asitturnedout，DouglasdidexactlywhatsheneededtodotobecomeOlympicchampionwhenshedefeatedtwoRussians.2.[2022新高考Ⅰ]Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste，whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweekly（week）shoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat.此处用形容词weekly表示"每周的"。此外，由"名词＋-ly"构成的表示"每……的"的形容词还有：hourly每小时（一次）的，daily每日的，monthly每月（一次）的，yearly每年（一次）的。3.[2022新高考Ⅱ]Participantswererandomly（random）dividedintotwogroups.4.[2021新高考Ⅱ]AnewexhibitioninHalifaxuseseverydayactivitiestoexplainthehiddenmathprincipleswealluseonaregularbasis（base）.onaregularbasis表示"定期地"，其中regular还可以换成permanent，temporary，daily等形容词，分别表示"永久地，临时性地，每天地"。5.[2020新高考Ⅱ]Torememberallthequestionsyouhavewhenyouarenotinthedoctor’soffice，writethemdownandbringthelistwithyoutoyourappointment（appoint）.6.[全国Ⅱ]Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy，butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.句意：把闲聊当作一件不重要的事是很容易的，但我们不能忘记，如果没有闲聊，（人与人之间的）密切关系甚至不会存在。7.[全国Ⅰ]Ineverfeltanurgetolearn（learn）anysignlanguagebefore.8.[安徽高考]Incolonies（群体）thatrangeinsizefromafewhundredtotensofmillions，theyorganizetheirliveswithacleardivision（divide）oflabor.Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义1.[2022浙江1月]Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere’sanewbonustoaddtotheever-growinglist. n.意外收获2021新高考Ⅰ阅读理解A篇中，bonus也表示"意外收获"：It’saffordable，andit’sgotafunatmospherewithoutbeingtoonoisy.Asanaddedbonus，it’sclosetothemaintrainstation.（addedbonus表示"额外的好处"）2.[北京高考]Thereareprobablydecadesinwhichtoplanforthearrivalofsuperintelligentmachines.Buttheproblemshouldnotbedismissedoutofhand，asithasbeenbysomeAIresearchers. v.不予考虑；摒弃bedismissedoutofhand可用作固定表达，意为"直接被摒弃"，如：Thesuggestionshouldn’tbedismissedoutofhand（＝withoutthinkingaboutit）.这个建议不应当直接被摒弃。Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写写作一基础写作——新型城市你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为"未来的新型城市"的英语讨论活动。请根据下列要点，发挥你的想象力，用英语写一篇发言稿。内容包括：1.新型城市产生的原因；2.新型城市的运作模式。◎写作要点1.由于温室效应导致海平面上升以及人口爆炸性增长，我们的城市迫切需要做出改变。（explode，urge）Asaresultoftherisingsealevelcausedbyglobalwarmingandexplodingpopulation，ourcitiesareurgedtomakesomechanges.2.在海上建设漂浮城市的想法在我心里占据了上风。（takeover）Theideaofconstructingfloatingcitiesontheseatakesoverinmymind.3.漂浮城市看上去就像悬在人造岛上一样，该岛几乎被植物完全覆盖。（suspend）Thefloatingcityseemstosuspendonaman-madeisland，whichisalmostentirelycoveredbyplants.4.由于有太阳能、风能和波浪能，漂浮城市可能会比我们现在住的地方还要好。（superior）Withsolar，windandwavepower，thefloatingcitymaybesuperiortowherewelivenow.5.我相信，随着科技的发展，这种城市将会是最适合我们的。（turnout）Ibelievethiskindofcitywillturnouttobethemostsuitableforuswiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.◎连句成篇请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。Goodmorning，everyone.I’mgladtosharemyviewon"thenewcityinthefuture".Asaresultoftherisingsealevelcausedbyglobalwarmingandexplodingpopulation，ourcitiesareurgedtomakesomechanges.Inthecircumstances，theideaofconstructingfloatingcitiesontheseatakesoverinmymind.Thefloatingcityseemstosuspendonaman-madeisland，whichisalmostentirelycoveredbyplants.Besides，withsolar，windandwavepower，thecitymaybesuperiortowherewelivenow.Ibelievethiskindofcitywillturnouttobethemostsuitableforuswiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Thankyou！写作二读后续写——动作描写之各种"想"积累背诵仿写运用单词think，consider，wander走神，flash突然想到；considering考虑到根据左栏素材完成下列各句1.艾薇盯着衣服，陷入了沉思。这时，一个念头闪过她的脑海："为什么不送给那些需要的人呢？"Ivystaredattheclothes，deep/lostinthought.Thenanideaflashedthroughhermind，"Whynotgivethemtothoseinneed？"（第一空形容词作状语）2.那天晚上，她独自回家，想着是否能永远避开海蒂。然后她想到了她们从三岁起是如何一起玩耍的。Thatevening，shewentbackhomealone，thinkingifshewouldavoidHeidiforever.Andthenshethoughtabout/ofhowtheyhadplayedtogethersincetheywerejustthreeyearsold.（第一空现在分词作状语）3.自从那次事件之后，我一直在反省自己，觉得自己做错了什么，但我没有足够的勇气向他道歉。SincethatincidentIhadbeenreflectingonmyself，feelingthatIhaddonesomethingwrong，butIdidn’thaveenoughcouragetoapologizetohim.4.转念一想，我决定试一试。就在那时，我突然想到，前几天布莱恩提到他喜欢我做的炒饭。Onsecondthought（s），Idecidedtotry.Justthenitoccurredto/hit/struckmethatseveraldaysbeforeBrianevermentionedthathelovedthefriedriceIcooked.5.他回想起第一次见到索菲的那一天。Hethoughtbacktothedayhe’dfirstmetSophie.6.在收集了所有的请求后，巴特利特夫人告诉我们，她会考虑我们选择的游戏，并在第二天告诉我们结果。Aftercollectingalltherequests，MrsBartlettinformedusthatshewouldtakeintoaccount/considerationthegameswechoseandletusknowtheresultthenextday.词组1.bedeep/lostinthought陷入沉思2.comeupwith想出3.thinkof/about想起；考虑到4.thinkover仔细考虑5.thinktwice三思6.thinkback回想，追忆7.onsecondthought（s）又一想，转念一想8.atthethoughtof一想到……9.reflecton仔细思考；反思10.oaccount/consideration把……考虑在内佳句1.Anideaflashedthroughhismind.他脑子里闪过一个念头。2.Itoccurredto/hit/struckJanethatshehadoverlookedanimportantdetailinherpresentationwhileshewasstandingbeforetheaudience.当简站在听众面前时，她突然想到自己忽略了演讲中的一个重要细节。3.Rickwaslostinthought.ItslowlydawnedonhimthatLukehaddonenothingwrong.里克陷入沉思。他慢慢明白了卢克并没有做错什么。4.Then，mythoughtswanderedtotheladywhowasenjoyingadeliciousdishwithherlittlegirl.然后，我的思绪转到了那位女士身上，她和她的小女儿正在享用一道美味的菜肴。5.Thinkinghard，shetriedtofigureoutasolutiontothecomplexmathproblem.她冥思苦想，试图找出解决这个复杂数学问题的方案。一、阅读理解A[2023山西运城二模]OnFebruary20，thesciencefictionmagazineClarkesworldwasforcedtostopacceptinganynewarticlesfromwritersafteritwasfloodedwithAI-writtenstories."Bythetimeweclosedonthe20th，wehadreceived500human-writtenstoriesand700AI-writtenones，"saideditor-in-chiefNeilClarke."Itwasincreasingatsuchaspeedthatwefiguredthatbytheendofthemonth，wewouldhavedoubledthenumberofarticleswenormallyhave.Theratehadbeengrowingfrompreviousmonths，andwewereconcernedthatwehadtodosomethingtostopit."WorriesaboutAImisusehavefrequentlyappearedinheadlinesrecently，particularlysincethelaunchofChatGPTinNovember2022，whichcannotonlyanswerabroadrangeofquestions，butalsocreateoriginalpoemsandstories.Clarkesaidmagazineslikehis，whichpaycontributorsfortheirwork，werebeingtargetedbypeopletryingtomakequickmoney.HesaidhehadalreadyspokentoeditorsofothermagazinesandthatallofthemhadagreedtostopacceptingAI-writtenarticles.Healsoadmittedthatthehumorofhissci-fimagazinebeingtargetedbyAIrobotsisnotlostonhim."Youknow，ourmascot（吉祥物）isarobot.Soweseetheirony，"hesaid."Butthethingisthatsciencefictionisoftenintendedtogiveawarningtopeople.Wedon’tcelebratetechnologyjustbecauseitexists.Wewanttomakesurethatwe’reusingitright.Andtherearesomesignificantlegalandmoralissuesaroundthistechnologythatwe’renotreadytoaccept."Clarkesaidthemagazinedidn’tknowhowtodealwiththeissue，andpartofthemotivationtospeakoutwasinthehopeoffindingsomesolutions.HealsosaidthequalityoftheAI-writtenstorieswasverypoor.本文是一篇新闻报道。享誉全球的科幻杂志Clarkesworld最近受AI作品的影响，不得不暂停接受新稿件。1.What’sthematterwiththemagazineClarkesworld？A.Itwillclosedownforever.B.ItwastargetedbyAIwriters.C.Itstoppedpayingcontributors.D.Ithaslostmanygoodauthors.解析B细节理解题。由"OnFebruary20，thesciencefictionmagazineClarkesworldwasforcedtostopacceptinganynewarticlesfromwritersafteritwasfloodedwithAI-writtenstories"可知，Clarkesworld是被AI写手逼得不得不暂停接受新稿件，故选B。2.Whatcanweinferaboutothermagazines’attitudetotheAI-writtenstories？A.Disapproving. B.Favorable.C.Unknown. D.Tolerant.解析A推理判断题。由第四段中的"HesaidhehadalreadyspokentoeditorsofothermagazinesandthatallofthemhadagreedtostopacceptingAI-writtenarticles"可推知，其他杂志对AI生成的作品持否定态度，故选A。3.WhatdoesNeilClarkesayaboutsciencefiction？A.Itoftenintendstofindsomesolutions.B.Itwelcomestheexistingnewtechnologies.C.ItwillacceptAI-writtenstoriesinthenearfuture.D.Itoftentriestowarnofthedarksideoftechnologies.解析D细节理解题。由第五段中的"Butthethingisthatsciencefictionisoftenintendedtogiveawarningtopeople.Wedon’tcelebratetechnologyjustbecauseitexists.Wewanttomakesurethatwe’reusingitright.Andtherearesomesignificantlegalandmoralissuesaroundthistechnologythatwe’renotreadytoaccept"可知，NeilClarke认为科幻作品经常试图提醒人们技术的黑暗面，故选D。4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom？A.Anotice. B.Asciencefictionwork.C.Anewsreport. D.Abookreview.解析C推理判断题。文章第一段清楚地交代了时间、事件等信息，下文对事件进行了展开。再结合文章的写作风格和明显的时效性不难得知，本文应该是一篇新闻报道，故选C。B[2023广西柳州开学考]It’stheyear2140andtwokidsridetheirsurfboardsintheheartofManhattan，nearthepointwhereSixthAvenuemeetsBroadway.IfyouarefamiliarwiththisjunctionyouwillknowitisfarfromtheUS’scurrentcoastline.ButinKimStanleyRobinson’snovelNewYork2140，Manhattanisfloodedaftercontinuousclimatechangecausesthesealeveltoriseby15.25m.Robinson’s2017climatefictionnovelbelongstoanewkindofnovel，whichtells"thestoryofthenextcentury".Itmightbehelpingreadersacrosstheworldcomprehendthesituationinwhichwecurrentlyfindourselves.Climatechangeisanindescribablecrisistomakesenseof.Dropsomepoisonouschemicalsinarivernowandyouwillseedeadfishwithindays，butwhatdoyouwitnesswhenyoureleasecarbondioxide（CO2）？"Thisiswherefictioncomesin：Itbringstheabstractdataclosertohomebyfocusingonthefacesandstoriesinthesefutures.Showreadersadetailedaccountofaclimate-changedfuture，"saysRobinson，andtheyhaveaneasiertimeimaginingit."Sciencefictiongetspeoplethinkinginawaythatanotherreportonclimatechangedoesn’t，"saysShelleyStreeby，aprofessorofLiteratureandEthnicStudiesatUCSanDiego."Ithelpspeoplefeelnotonlyaboutwhatmightbecoming，butalsoaboutthepresent.Itisabouttakingcertainconditionsthatexistnowadays，extendingthemintothefutureandthrowingabunchofcharactersintotheirmidst."Inthesearchtoadoptclimatechangeasatopic，writersaredoingwhattheydobest：tryingtotellagoodstory.Sometimestheywritewithatouchofoptimismastheynegotiatethecurrentcrisis.Butevenwiththisoptimism，thesewriterswanttomakesuretheworldknowsthey，atleast，arepayingattention.本文是一篇说明文。文章通过Robinson的小说《纽约2140》中的故事情节，介绍了气候小说这一新的小说类型，这一类小说从更加生动的角度向人们展示未来气候变化带来的问题，帮助人们理解气候变化。1.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph？A.Togivebackgroundonastory.B.TopromotethenovelNewYork2140.C.Toleadtothetopicofclimatefiction.D.Toshowtheinfluenceofclimatechange.解析C推理判断题。通读第一段内容可知，本段主要描绘了Robinson的小说《纽约2140》中的故事情节，再结合第二段首句"Robinson’s2017climatefictionnovelbelongstoanewkindofnovel，whichtells‘thestoryofthenextcentury’"及下文对气候小说的描述可推知，作者主要借助《纽约2140》的故事情节引出气候小说这一话题，故选C项。2.Howdoestheauthorshowtheclimatechangecrisisis"indescribable"？A.Byinferring. B.Bycomparing.C.Byanalyzing. D.Byimagining.解析B推理判断题。由第三段"Climatechangeisanindescribablecrisistomakesenseof.Dropsomepoisonouschemicalsinarivernowandyouwillseedeadfishwithindays，butwhatdoyouwitnesswhenyoureleasecarbondioxide（CO2）？"可知，为了说明气候变化带来的危机是难以描述的，作者对比了释放有毒化学物质和释放二氧化碳的情况，前者的后果可见，而后者的后果不可见，故选B项。3.What’sStreeby’sattitudetowardsciencefiction？A.Approving. B.Cautious.C.Negative. D.Doubtful.解析A推理判断题。由第四段中ShelleyStreeby的话"Sciencefictiongetspeoplethinkinginawaythatanotherreportonclimatechangedoesn’t"和"Ithelpspeoplefeelnotonlyaboutwhatmightbecoming，butalsoaboutthepresent"可知，Streeby认为科幻小说让人们以另一种方式思考气候变化，让人们感知未来和当下。由此推知，Streeby对科幻小说是持赞成（approving）态度的，故选A项。4.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext？A.ClimateCrisis：NoLongeraForecastB.TheFutureWorld：MorePromisingC.NewYork2140：aNewTypeofNovelD.ClimateFiction：aReminderofClimateChange解析D标题归纳题。通读全文可知，气候小说从更加生动的角度向人们展示未来气候变化带来的问题，从而帮助人们更好地理解气候变化的后果，引导人们更加关注当前的环境。因此，D项最适合做本文的标题。CThismonth，sciencefictionmagazineLightspeedchangeditsnormalpublishingscheduletobringreadersaspecialissue："WomenDestroyScienceFiction！"It’smorethanjustacollectionofstoriesentirelyeditedandwrittenbywomen.It’sanexhibitionofallthewaysinwhichwomenarewriting—andhavewritten.Manyofthestorieswillbeconsideredthebesthardsciencefictionevenbythepickiestcritics（评论家）.Forexample，TananariveDue’sLikeDaughterdealswithwhathappenswhenhumanshaveeasyaccesstocloning.TheUnfathomableSisterhoodofIckbyCharlieJaneAnderstakesplaceinafuturewherechangingbrainchemistryisascommonastakingvitaminsnow.However，itisalsotruethattheauthorsaremorefocusedontherelationsbetweenpeople，orbetweenpeopleandsociety，orchangingculturalandgenderroles.Therearestoriesthatrefusetostayfirmlywithinsciencefictionborders.Forexample，JamesTiptreeJr.’sLoveIsthePlanandthePlanIsDeathisamixtureofhorror，mysteryandevenlove，somethingnotcommonlyseeninsciencefiction.Soarewomendestroyingsciencefiction？IfyourideaofsciencefictionislimitedtotheconceptformedbyworkslikeIsaacAsimov’sNightFallandArthurCharlesClarke’sChildhood’sEnd，thenmanyofthestorieswithinthesepagesmaywellseemlikedevastation."Butthestorieswereadandthestorieswetellshapewhoweare，"PatMurphyoncesaidinafamousspeechbackin1991."Theyalsoshapetheculturethey’reborninto.Thus，ifwomenkeepwritingsuchkindofsciencefiction，andkeepcallingitsciencefiction，theroomforsciencefictionwillexpand.Theywillexistnicelybesideotherkindsofsciencefiction."Icannotagreemore.Womenhavetherighttocreateaspaceforthemselveswithinsciencefiction，onefilledwiththeirdreams，experiencesandrealities.文章主要探讨了女性写的感性十足的科幻小说能否被称为科幻小说。1.WhatisspecialaboutthelatesteditionofLightspeed？A.Allthestoriesarewrittenbyfemalenovelists.B.Itisacollectionofthepublishedlovestories.C.Ithasbeenwellreceivedbymostofthecritics.D.Everystoryinitbelongstohardsciencefiction.解析A细节理解题。由第二段中的"It’smorethanjustacollectionofstoriesentirelyeditedandwrittenbywomen"可知，本题选A项。2.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconsiderednon-science-fictioninastrictsense？A.LikeDaughter.B.TheUnfathomableSisterhoodofIck.C.Childhood’sEnd.D.LoveIsthePlanandthePlanIsDeath.解析D细节理解题。由第四段中的"Therearestoriesthatrefusetostayfirmlywithinsciencefictionborders.Forexample，JamesTiptreeJr.’sLoveIsthePlanandthePlanIsDeathisamixtureofhorror，mysteryandevenlove，somethingnotcommonlyseeninsciencefiction"可知，从严格意义上讲，LoveIsthePlanandthePlanIsDeath不能算科幻小说，故选D项。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"devastation"inparagraph6mean？A.Destruct