湖南省长沙市岳麓区八年级下学期期末英语试题

湖南省长沙市岳麓区20222023学年八年级下学期期末英语试卷（解析版）I.词语运用（计10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式）。Nowmoreandmorepetsare____1____(raise)bypeople.Ononehand,petscanstaywiththembecausepeopleareafraidof____2____(be)lonely.On____3____otherhand,somepetsarebrave.Whensomepeopleare____4____danger,thepetscansavethem.Someguidedogseven____5____(successful)helpsendsomeoldpeopletothehospital.However,otherpeopleareagainstkeepingpetsbecauseofmany____6____(reason).Somepeoplethinkitcostsalotofmoneytoraisepets.Somepeopleevensaypetshave____7____(bring)illnesstopeoplesofar.Petsdon’tknowpeopleneedaquietenvironment,sotheirsoundsbeethe____8____(big)probleminpeople’slives.Ithinkkeepingpetsisa____9____(person)habit.But____10____youcan’tdealwithitwell,thatwillmakeyourneighborshateyou.【答案】1.raised2.being3.the4.in5.successfully6.reasons7.brought8.biggest9.personal10.if【解析】【导语】本文主要写了人们养宠物的原因和好处，以及反对养宠物的理由。【1题详解】句意：越来越多的宠物被人饲养。主语“pets”和动词“raise”之间是动宾关系，需用被动语态。raise“饲养”，动词，过去分词为raised。故填raised。【2题详解】句意：一方面，宠物可以陪着人，因为人们害怕孤单。“of”是介词，后面需用doing。故填being。【3题详解】句意：另一方面，一些宠物很勇敢。Ontheotherhand“另一方面”，介词短语。故填the。【4题详解】句意：当人们有危险时，宠物还能拯救人们的生命。indanger“处于危险中”，介词短语。故填in。【5题详解】句意：一些导盲犬甚至可以成功地帮忙把老人送去医院。successful“成功的”，形容词，空处修饰动词“send”，应用副词。故填successfully。【6题详解】句意：然而，其他人因为一些原因反对养宠物。reason“原因”，可数名词。空前有“many”，故用复数。故填reasons。【7题详解】句意：有些人甚至说，到目前为止，宠物已经给人们带来了疾病。bring“带来”，动词。“sofar”用于现在完成时态中，前面已有助动词“have”，后接bring的过去分词。故填brought。【8题详解】句意：宠物不知道人们需要安静的环境，所以他们的叫声成为人们生活中的最大问题。big“大的”，形容词。根据空前的“the”可知，此处应用形容词最高级。故填biggest。【9题详解】句意：我认为养宠物是个人的习惯。person“人”，名词。空处应填一个形容词，修饰名词“habit”，person变为personal。故填personal。【10题详解】句意：但如果你处理不好，会让邻居讨厌。根据“...youcan’tdealwithitwell,thatwillmakeyourneighborshateyou.”可知，此处表示条件，所以用if引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现原则。故填if。II.单项选择（共10小题,每小题1分,计10分）11.﹣Dad，couldyoupleaseteach______English？﹣Sure!Butit'smoreimportanttolearnitby______．A.my，yourself B.me，you C.my；you D.me，yourself【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意"﹣﹣爸爸，你能教我英语吗？﹣﹣当然！但更重要是自己学习．"．第一个空，动词teach教．后用宾格me我．第二个空，learnitbyoneself自学．故选D．【点睛】这里要分清名词性物主代词，形容词性物主代词，主格或宾格、反身代词的用法，结合语境选择合适答案．12.InChineseculture,redstands______goodluckandhappiness.A.in B.for C.up D.by【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：在中国文化中，红色代表好运和幸福。考查动词短语。standin替代，站在……里；standfor代表；standup起立；standby准备行动，支持。根据“red…goodluckandhappiness”可知，此处指“红色代表好运和幸福”。故选B。13.Peopledon’tknowthevalueofhealth______theyloseit.A.but B.or C.nor D.until【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：人们直到失去健康时才知道健康的重要性。考查连词用法。but但，表转折；or或者，表选择；nor也不，用在否定句中；until直到，引导时间状语从句。not...until...表示“直到……才……”，是固定短语，符合句意。故选D。14.Weshould______ourselves,becausenoonecantakecareofusallthetime.A.dependon B.shutdown C.pickup D.turnoff【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：我们应该依靠自己，因为没有人可以一直照顾我们。考查动词短语辨析。dependon依靠；shutdown关闭；pickup捡起；turnoff关闭。根据“becausenoonecantakecareofusallthetime.”可知，没有人可以一直照顾我们，所以我们要依靠自己。故选A。15.Cathyisafraidofthedog.Shewillrunaway_________sheseesit.A.unless B.although C.assoonas D.sothat【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：凯西害怕那条狗。她一看到它就会逃跑。考查连词。unless除非；although虽然；assoonas一……就……；sothat以便。根据“Shewillrunaway…sheseesit.”可知，一看到那条狗，她就会逃跑。故选C。16.—Lookatthesestamps.I____themforfiveyears.—Wow,theyarewonderful.A.kept B.havekept C.havebought D.bought【答案】B【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：——看这些邮票。我买了这些邮票五年了。——哇，真漂亮！

​本题考查现在完成时。根据for

three

years可知本句用现在完成时。动词应是可延伸性动词，故选B。17.______ofthelandinourcity_____coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth,is B.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,is D.Twofifths,are【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：我们城市五分之二的土地被树和草覆盖着。考查分数表达以及be动词。分数的表达方法是：基数词（分子）+序数词（分母），分子超过一分母加s；在含有分数的主语，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词决定。land是一个整体，看作单数，be动词应用is。故选C。18.—HaveyouwatchedthemovieBorntoFly?—Ofcourse.Ithinkit’s______Ihaveeverseen.A.funny B.funnierC.funniest D.thefunniest【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：——你看过电影《天生会飞》吗?——当然。我觉得这是我看过的最有趣的电影。考查形容词最高级用法。funny有趣的；funnier更有趣的；funniest前面通常加the；thefunniest最有趣的。根据“Ihaveeverseen”可知，为三者以上比较，需用最高级thefunniest。故选D。19.TheChinesegovernmenthasmade______possibleforpeopletolivehappylives.A.that B.this C.it D.them【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：中国政府使人们过上幸福的生活成为可能。考查代词辨析。that那个；this这个；it它；them它们。固定搭配：主语+make+it+adj+todosth.使做……成为……，it作形式宾语。故选C。20.It’salongtime!Ican’trememberwhenthispicture_______inJinshanPark.A.wastaken B.takes C.istaken D.took【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：这是一段很长的时间！我不记得这张照片是什么时候在金山公园拍的。考查语态。句子主语“thispicture”与动词take之间是被动关系，此处用被动语态，结合语境可知，拍照发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。III.完型填空（计10分）WhenIwasyoung,Ilikedclimbingthemountainswithmyfather.Whenwewalkedtogether,myfatherandI____21____alot.Healwaystoldme,“Youshouldhavegoalslikeclimbingthemountains.Butfirst,youshouldkeepyourself____22____.”____23____themountainclimbing,wedidn’thaveenoughtimetobetogetherbecausemyfatherwasvery____24____.Ireallygotalotfromthemountainclimbing.Onceweclimbedaveryhighmountain.Duringthefirstfewhours,I____25____theflowers,treesandthebirds’singing.Butastimewentby,Iwasverytiredandfeltalittlesad.Iwantedto____26____climbing.Infact,Ihateditatthattime.____27____myfathersaid,“Youcanalwaysseeabeautiful____28____atthetopofthemountain.Whenyouareatthetop,youcanseeallofthenicestthings,justlikeinlife.’’Atthattime,Iwastooyoungto____29____hiswords.ButIgotnewhope.Finally,Ifound____30____standingatthetopofthemountain.Icouldseethewholesky,anditwasasclearascrystal.21.A.cheated B.talked C.hid D.reported22.A.hungry B.wet C.safe D.stupid23.A.Without B.Against C.Across D.Towards24.A.honest B.strict C.outgoing D.busy25.A.feared B.protected C.enjoyed D.worried26.A.giveup B.giveout C.cutup D.cutout27.A.Unless B.And C.Or D.But28.A.island B.sky C.desert D.moon29A.stand B.forget C.understand D.question30.A.himself B.myself C.herself D.itself【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.C26.A27.D28.B29.C30.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲的是“我”和父亲一起爬山时的经历及从爬山这件事上得到了一些启发。21题详解】句意：当我们走在一起的时候，我父亲和我谈了很多。

cheated欺骗；talked交谈；hid隐藏；reported报道。根据“Healwaystoldme...”可知，我们一起走路的时候会说很多话。故选B。【22题详解】句意：但首先，你应该保护自己的安全。hungry饥饿的；wet潮湿的；safe安全的；stupid愚蠢的。根据“Butfirst,youshouldkeepyourself...”及可知，爬山首先要保证自身的安全，故选C。【23题详解】句意：没有登山，我们没有足够的时间在一起，因为我的父亲很忙。Without没有；Against反对；Across穿过；Towards朝向。根据“wedidn’thaveenoughtimetobetogether”可知，没有登山，作者和父亲没有足够的时间在一起，故选A。【24题详解】句意：没有登山，我们没有足够的时间在一起，因为我父亲很忙。honest诚实的；strict严格的；outgoing外向的；busy忙碌的。根据“wedidn’thaveenoughtimetobetogether”可知，父亲很忙。故选D。【25题详解】句意：在最初的几个小时里，我欣赏着花草树木和鸟鸣。feared害怕；protected保护；enjoyed欣赏；worried担心。根据“Butastimewentby,Iwasverytiredandfeltalittlesad”可知，最初作者欣赏着花草树木和鸟鸣。故选C。【26题详解】句意：我想放弃登山。giveup放弃；giveout分发；cutup切碎；cutout切断。根据“Butastimewentby,Iwasverytiredandfeltalittlesad”可知，作者想放弃登山，故选A。【27题详解】句意：但我父亲说：“你总能在山顶看到美丽的天空。”Unless除非；And和；Or或者；But但是。根据“Ihateditatthattime...myfather...Youcanalwaysseeabeautiful”可知，两句是转折关系，故选D。【28题详解】句意：但我父亲说：“你总能在山顶看到美丽的天空。”island岛屿；sky天空；desert沙漠；moon月亮。根据下文“Icouldseethewholesky”可知，在山顶能看到美丽的天空。故选B。【29题详解】句意：那时，我还太小，听不懂他的话。stand站立；forget忘记；understand理解；question问题。根据“Iwastooyoungto...hiswords.ButIgotnewhope”可知，作者太小不能理解父亲所说的话，故选C。【30题详解】句意：最后，我发现自己站在了山顶上。himself他自己；myself我自己；herself她自己；itself它自己。根据“Icouldseethewholesky”可知，作者自己站在山顶，故选B。IV.阅读理解（计30分）Sharewithus!Wouldyouliketohaveyourwritingpublishedinthismagazine?Thenletusknow!Wepayforstories,anecdotes(轶事)andjokes:AnecdotesandJokes$50What’smadeyoulaughrecently?Afunnysign?Acolleague’sbehaviour?Gotajoke?SenditinforLaughteristheBestMedicine!SmartAnimalsUpto$100Sendusataleaboutthestrangebehaviourofuniquepetsorwildlifeinupto300words.PowerofLoveUpto$150Actsofgenerosity(慷慨)canchangelivesorjustgiveyouthatwarmfeelingfulloflove.Shareyourmomentsin100500words.MyStory$350Doyouhaveaninspiring(鼓舞人心的)oflifechangingstorytotell?Yourstorymustbetrue,unpublished,originaland8001000words.31.Ifyouwanttoshareastoryofyourpetswiththereaders,youneedtosenditto______.A.AnecdotesandJokes B.SmartAnimalsC.PowerofLove D.MyStory32.Astoryshowingpeople’sgenerosityshouldbeemailedtotheeditorat______.A. B.C. D.33.Aninspiringstorysenttothemagazineshould______.A.describestrangebehaviour B.includelessthan800wordsCberealandoriginal D.bepublishedbefore【答案】31.B32.B33.C【解析】【分析】这是篇杂志广告。为杂志召集各种类型的写作作品。【31题详解】根据原文Sendusataleaboutthestrangebehaviourofuniquepetsorwildlifeinupto300words.可知SmartAnimals是关于宠物和动物的专栏，故选B。【32题详解】根据原文Actsofgenerosity(慷慨)canchangelivesorjustgiveyouthatwarmfeeling可知PowerofLove是关于人们的慷慨，所以联系邮箱是，故选B。【33题详解】根据原文Yourstorymustbetrue,unpublished,originaland8001000words.可知故事必须是真实原创的，故选C。【点睛】细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。此外，在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决细节理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子（即定位），然后进行比较和分析（尤其要注意一些同义转换），从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子（有时可能是几个句子）或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。以本文第1小题为例，本题运用定位法：我们根据题干.Ifyouwanttoshareastoryofyourpetswiththereaders,youneedtosenditto______.中的yourpets定位到第二个广告，由此可知可知SmartAnimals是关于宠物和动物的专栏，故选B。Atnight,wecanseelotsofstarsinthesky.Therearesomanystarsthatwecannotcountthemall.Starslookliketheyarelittlebecausetheyareveryfaraway.Butstarsareactuallyverybig!Starsarehugeballsofhotgas.Theyglowbecausetheyaresohot.Duringtheday,weseeabrightyellowstarshininginthesky.Itisoursun!Oursungivesusheatandlight.Itlookstouslikethesunmovesacrosstheskyduringtheday,butitisreallytheearththatismovingaroundthesun.Tous,thesunlooksmuchbiggerthananyotherstar.Butmanyofthestarsthatweseeatnightareactuallymuchbiggerthanthesun.Thestarsweseeatnightlooksmallerbecausetheyaremuchfartherawaythanthesun.Funfactsaboutstars：Thecolorofastarcanhelpustellhowhotthestaris.Redstarsarehot.Yellowstarsarehotterthanredstars.Greenstarsarehotterthanyellowstars.34.Starslooklittlebecausetheyare________.A.sofarawayB.verylittleC.ballsofgasD.alloftheabove35.Manyofthestarsweseeatnightare________.A.notmadeofgasB.actuallybiggerthanthesunC.nothotD.muchcloserthanthesun36.Wecantellthat________.A.greenstarsarehotterthanredstarsB.redstarsarehotterthangreenstarsC.redstarsarehotterthanyellowstarsD.thesunisthebiggeststarofall【答案】34.A35.B36.A【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了与星星有关的一些知识，例如星星离我们很远，它们是巨大的热气球，它们非常热而发光，星星的颜色可以帮助我们判断星星的温度等等。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Starslookliketheyarelittlebecausetheyareveryfaraway.”可知，星星看起来很小，是因为它们非常遥远。故选A。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Butmanyofthestarsthatweseeatnightareactuallymuchbiggerthanthesun.”可知，我们晚上看到的许多星星实际上比太阳大得多。故选B。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thecolorofastarcanhelpustellhowhotthestaris.Redstarsarehot.Yellowstarsarehotterthanredstars.Greenstarsarehotterthanyellowstars.”可知，绿色的星星比红色的星星更热。故选A。Smartphonesaregettingboring.Thenewmodelsareeitherabitfasterorhavebettercameras,buttheyarebasicallynodifferentfromtheonesalreadyinourpockets.Thisiswhyscientistsarehoping,andworkingforsomethingnew,somethingthatwillchangeourlivesjustasgreatlyassmartphonesdo.Atthemoment,thenextinventionmightbesmartglasses.Justimagine.Insteadofhavingtopickupyourphoneandlookatthescreen,alloftheinformationyouneedsimplyappearsjustinfrontofyou,inyourglasses.Satellitenavigation(导航)directionswouldappearrightthereontheroad.Andyoursmartglassescouldguideyoutotherightshelfinthesupermarket!Smartglassescouldalsobeusedinindustry.Theycouldshowengineerstheinstructionstheyneedtofixthingsmorequickly.Adoctorcouldcarryoutadifficultoperation,guidedinrealtimebysomeoneontheothersideoftheworld.Thismaysoundimpossible.Butmostofthetechnologiestoinventthemarealreadythere.Forexample,onekeytechnologyiscalledAR,whichcanmakedigital3Dobjectsappearasiftheyarepartoftherealworld.We’veuseditalotonourvideocalls.Similarly,hugeprogresshasbeenmadeinspatialaudio.Thisiswhenasoundismadetogiveitasenseofplace,likewhatyouhearinanemptyroom.Somehighendearphonescanalreadydothat.Futureglasseswillofcourseneedtorecognize(识别)yourvoicetodotasks.Thistechnologyhasbeenwidelyusedinourdailylife.So,whyaren’tweallwearingsmartglassesyet?Sofar,noonehasinventedagoodwaytosendimages(映像)ofourworldontoglasses.However,withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,smartglassescouldarrivemuchsoonerthanwethink.37.WhydoesthewritermentionsmartphonesinParagraph1?A.Tostartastory. B.Toexplainanidea.C.Tointroduceatopic. D.Todiscussaproblem.38.WhatareParagraphs2and3mainlyabout?A.Whensmartglassesmightbemade.B.Wheresmartglassescouldbeused.C.Howsmartglasseswouldgivedirections.D.Whysmartglassesshouldbechanged.39.Whichofthefollowingtechnologiesneedstobeimprovedtoinventsmartglasses?A.Makingspatialaudio. B.Recognizingvoices.C.Creatingdigital3Dobjects. D.Sendingimagesontoglasses.40.Howmightthewriterfeelaboutthefutureofsmartglasses?A.Bored. B.Confident. C.Satisfied. D.Uncertain.【答案】37.C38.B39.D40.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲和智能一样能改变我们生活的智能眼镜将在生活中的应用及目前尚待解决的问题。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据“Thisiswhyscientistsarehoping,andworkingforsomethingnew,somethingthatwillchangeourlivesjustasgreatlyassmartphonesdo.Atthemoment,thenextinventionmightbesmartglasses.”可知作者写到智能是为了能引出智能眼镜的话题。故选C。【38题详解】段落大意题。根据“Justimagine.Insteadofhavingtopickupyourphoneandlookatthescreen,alloftheinformationyouneedsimplyappearsjustinfrontofyou,inyourglasses.”及“Smartglassescouldalsobeusedinindustry.”可知2和3段主要讲智能眼镜的使用场所，即可以用在阅读和工业等领域。故选B。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据“Sofar,noonehasinventedagoodwaytosendimagesofourworldontoglasses.”可知一个好的将图像发送到眼镜上的方式还没有被发明出。故选D。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据“However,withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnology,smartglassescouldarrivemuchsoonerthanwethink.”可知作者认为随着科技的发展，智能眼镜可能会比我们想象的更快到来，即对智能眼镜的前景是比较有信心的。故选B。TheSaharaisthelargestdesertintheworld.Itcovers11countriesinNorthAfricaandisover9millionsquarekilometers.IntheSahara,temperaturesareverydifferentduringthedayandatnight.Duringtheday,thehottesttimeisbetween2p.m.and4p.m.—whentemperaturesriseto33℃.Butitisverycoldatnight.Thecoldesttimeisat4a.m.—whentemperaturesfallto1℃.Becauseoftheextremetemperaturesinthedesert,itisaverydifficultplacetosurvive.MarcoRivera,oursurvivalexpert,hassomeadvice.Takewarmclothesandablanket.Youwillneedahat,longtrousersandathicksweatertokeepyouwarmatnight.Clothesprotectyourselffromthesunandkeepwaterinyourbody.Youwillalsoneedawarmblanketatnight.Trytodrinksomewateratleastonceeveryhour.Youneedyourwatertolastaslongaspossible.Ifyoueat,youwillgetthirstyandyourwaterwillrunoutsoon.Youcaneatalittlefoodslowly,butonlytostopyourselffromfeelingveryhungry.Findawarmplacetosleepatnight.Asmallplacenearatreeorarockwillbethewarmest.Butbecarefulbeforeyoudecidewheretosleep.Dangerousanimalslikesnakesalsoliketosleepintheseplaces.Lookcarefullyforanimalsbeforeyouliedown.1完成句子；2.、3.简略回答问题；4找出并写下第二段的主题句；5题将文中划线句子译成汉语。41.TheSaharaismorethan________insize.42.Whenisthehottesttimeduringtheday?____________________________________________________________43.HowoftenshouldyoutrytodrinksomewaterintheSahara?____________________________________________________________44.____________________________________________________________45.____________________________________________________________【答案】41.9millionsquarekilometers42.Thehottesttimeisbetween2p.m.and4p.m.43.Trytodrinksomewateratleastonceeveryhour.44.IntheSahara,temperaturesareverydifferentduringthedayandatnight.45.在你躺下之前仔细寻找动物。【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的相关信息以及在撒哈拉沙漠生存的建议。【41题详解】根据第一段“Itcovers11countriesinNorthAfricaandisover9millionsquarekilometers.”可知撒哈拉沙漠面积超过900万平方公里。故答案为9millionsquarekilometers。【42题详解】根据第二段“Duringtheday,thehottesttimeisbetween2p.m.and4p.m.”可知最热的时候是下午两点到四点之间。故答案为Thehottesttimeisbetween2p.m.and4p.m.【43题详解】根据第五段“Trytodrinksomewateratleastonceeveryhour.”可知至少每小时喝一次水。故答案为Trytodrinksomewateratleastonceeveryhour.【44题详解】根据“IntheSahara,temperaturesareverydifferentduringthedayandatnight.”可知本段主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠白天和晚上的不同温度。故答案为IntheSahara,temperaturesareverydifferentduringthedayandatnight.【45题详解】lookfor“寻找”；carefully“仔细地”；animals“动物”；before“在……之前”；you“你”；liedown“躺下”。故答案为：在你躺下之前仔细寻找动物。V.连词成句（共5小题,每小题1分,计5分）将所给单词连接成完整、正确的句子。46.raining,it,harder,even,was______________________________________________________________.【答案】Itwasevenrainingharder【解析】【详解】根据所给标点可知应用陈述句的形式，分析所给单词，it作主语，wasraining是谓语动词，是过去进行时，even是副词，放在助动词和实义动词之间作状语，harder是副词hard的比较级，作状语。故填Itwasevenrainingharder“雨甚至下得更大了”。47.have,in,they,mon,anything,do____________________________________________________________?【答案】Dotheyhaveanythinginmon【解析】【详解】根据所给单词及标点可知，本句是以do开始的一般疑问句，主语是they，谓语动词是have。havesthinmon是固定短语，表示“有共同的东西”。故填Dotheyhaveanythinginmon“他们有共同的东西吗”。48.exam,fair,how,the,is_______________________________________________________!【答案】Howfairtheexamis【解析】【详解】根据所给单词和标点可知，是how引导的感叹句，结构为How+adj.+主语+谓语!；fair“公平的”，是形容词；主语是theexam；谓语是is，故填Howfairtheexamis“考试多公平啊”。49.think,of,what,you,it,do____________________________________________________________?【答案】Whatdoyouthinkofit【解析】【详解】根据提示词和标点符号可知，本句为What开头的特殊疑问句，do为助动词，主语为you；谓语为thinkof“认为”。故填Whatdoyouthinkofit“你认为它怎么样”。50.out,who,find,help,needs_________________________________.【答案】Findoutwhoneedshelp【解析】【详解】根据所给出和标点可知，此句没有主语，是祈使句，findout开头，后接who引导的宾语从句，need